Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between 1977 and 1984 the proportion of children with malignant disease in Britain initially referred to specialist paediatric oncology centres increased from 44% to 71%. The percentage varied considerably with type of disease and region of residence. Children with acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Ewing's tumour, rhabdomyosarcoma, and (during 1981-84) osteosarcoma treated at paediatric oncology centres had significantly higher survival rates than those treated elsewhere. Children with cancer should be referred to specialist centres so that they may benefit as early as possible from the latest advances in treatment.
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PMID:Centralisation of treatment and survival rates for cancer. 316 61

Sparsomycin (Sm) is a known inhibitor of ribosomal protein synthesis with an attractive anticancer potential. Recently, several analogues of Sm which are more active than the parent drug were selected for further study on the basis of in vitro investigations. Six analogues as well as the parent drug were tested for their antitumor activity in eight in vivo murine tumor models: P388 and L1210 leukemias, RC renal cell carcinoma, B16 melanoma, C38 colon carcinoma, LL Lewis lung carcinoma, C22LR osteosarcoma and M5076 sarcoma. Sm itself appeared to have only borderline activity on L1210 leukemia. The analogues that were most active in vitro showed also the highest in vivo activity. The most sensitive tumors were RC, L1210 and P388. Minimal activity was found on B16 and no activity on C22LR, M5076, C38 and LL. The most active compounds are deshydroxy-Sm, ethyl-deshydroxy-Sm and n-pentyl-Sm. There was a considerable loss of activity when L1210 leukemia was implanted sc while the drugs were administered iv. Only one drug, ethyl-deshydroxy-Sm appeared to be active in this assay. No single most effective compound could be found in this study. The overall activity of Sm and its analogues is moderate. The three analogues which show high activity in three ascitic tumors will be further investigated using human tumor xenograft models.
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PMID:In vivo antitumor activity of sparsomycin and its analogues in eight murine tumor models. 322 41

Five clonal cell lines were established from a spontaneous BALB/c mouse osteosarcoma, and characterized. Four of these lines showed some similarities in morphology, in vitro growth properties, production of collagenous and noncollagenous extracellular matrix proteins and osteogenic differentiation. The cells formed colonies with characteristic differences in size and morphology in soft agar, and osteogenic sarcomas and metastases in syngeneic mice after transplantation. Ultrastructurally, cells in the transplant tumours showed marked osteogenic features. There were no osteoclast-like cells. The fifth cell line had somewhat different characteristics. All five lines expressed infectious endogenous murine leukemia viruses. Increased c-myc protoon-cogene expression was found in one cell line and c-fos expression at different levels in all lines. There was only very low expression of c-Ha-ras and no expression of c-Ki-ras and c-sis. DNA analysis showed the presence of newly acquired proviral genomes integrated at different sites in the cellular DNA. The results show that distinct osteogenic neoplastic subclones can be obtained from a primary mouse osteosarcoma. Although the clones exhibited an appreciable morphological, functional, and molecular diversity they retained the basic pathogenic properties of the tumour from which they were derived.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of osteogenic cell lines from a spontaneous murine osteosarcoma. 324 85

Consideration is given to the tissues at risk in bone and a Monte Carlo method is described which determines the absorbed dose to endosteal tissues and marrow in trabecular bone. The method synthesizes random tracks through the trabecular structures that deposit energy along a path through any given trabecular cavity. The path lengths through the trabeculae and marrow cavities are measured with a bone-scanning microscope and other bone data, such as trabecular surface areas, can also be derived. Results are given for human bones and for bones of the beagle, miniature pig and rhesus monkey. They show that, for the same radionuclide concentration, the doses to endosteal tissues and bone marrow are several times greater in animal than in human bone, and that higher doses in human bone from the Ca and Sr radionuclides are obtained if the initial deposition on bone surfaces is allowed for. Other studies show that the occurrence of osteosarcoma in the human long bones correlates well with trabecular surface area and also that, unlike the case of beta-particles from 90Sr+90Y, leukaemia is not a significant consequence of the alpha-particle doses from 226Ra in human bone or from 226Ra, 239Pu and other alpha emitters in beagle bone.
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PMID:1987 Douglas Lea memorial lecture. Particle dosimetry in bone and the toxicity of bone-seeking radionuclides. 328 56

Early recognition and adequate treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis, a life-threatening complication of aggressive chemotherapy for leukemia, lymphoma or other malignancy, may offer a favorable outcome. Three cases are presented, including the first reported occurrence in a child with osteogenic sarcoma. Two patients were treated surgically and the third conservatively.
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PMID:Neutropenic enterocolitis. Case report. 335 88

Flavone acetic acid (FAA) is a new antitumor agent with broad activity against transplantable solid tumors of mice but with only scant or no activity against leukemias and lymphomas. The technique of alkaline elution was used to study DNA lesions in s.c. implanted Glasgow osteogenic sarcoma in C57BL/6 x DBA/2 F1 mice treated i.v. with FAA. At efficacious dosages (235 and 200 mg/kg), FAA produced extensive single strand breakage. Formation of single strand breaks was dependent on time of assay after exposure to FAA with only minimal damage occurring prior to 5 h posttreatment. Apparently Glasgow osteogenic sarcoma had no capacity to repair single strand breaks for at least 45 h after drug administration. Thus, FAA differs in its mechanism from other scission agents (e.g., VP-16). Neither interstrand cross-links nor DNA-protein cross-links were detected. DNA single strand breaks did not occur in the bone marrow cells or in the unresponsive P388 leukemia cells at dosages causing extensive DNA damage in solid tumor cells.
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PMID:Flavone acetic acid (NSC 347512)-induced DNA damage in Glasgow osteogenic sarcoma in vivo. 342 92

Hyperplasia of the thymus is a normal physiologic response in infants and children during recovery from life-threatening illness. New, recurrent, or residual mediastinal masses in children treated for malignant disease present a diagnostic dilemma. Are these masses recurrent disease or simply normal reactive thymic hyperplasia? Our experience from 1979 to 1986 includes 14 children aged 1 to 17 years (mean 7.4 years) who were identified with new or recurrent mediastinal masses during or after chemotherapeutic treatment for malignant disease (lymphoma 9, Wilms tumor 2, leukemia 1, osteosarcoma 1, malignant teratoma 1). The mediastinal masses were treated by a variety of methods depending on the attending physician's preference (close observation 2, oral steroids 5, steroids and subsequent biopsy 1, open biopsy 6). Chest roentgenograms of "observation only" patients have showed stable mediastinal changes without clinical evidence of recurrent disease. Patients treated with steroids showed resolution of the mediastinal masses in 48 hours to seven days, without recurrence. Patients undergoing open biopsy showed only thymic hyperplasia and/or lymph nodes. We suggest a stepwise approach to evaluation of these patients. Mediastinal masses occurring during, or shortly following, chemotherapeutic treatments of malignant disease should first be treated with oral prednisone (60 mg/m2/d x 7 to 10 d). If the patient shows a complete or partial resolution, then follow-up includes frequent chest roentgenograms and/or a second course of steroids. If the mass fails to respond to steroids, or enlarges, then open biopsy through a minithoractomy will clarify the diagnosis. Follow-up of our patients is from 3 months to 7 1/2 years (mean 5 years).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Mediastinal mass following chemotherapeutic treatment of Hodgkin's disease: recurrent tumor or thymic hyperplasia? 344 Sep 3

A previous report was made on the carcinogenicity of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-nitrosourea [(HENU) CAS: 13743-07-2] in rats. Because the cyclic nitrosocarbamate 3-nitroso-2-oxazolidinone (NOZ) is readily produced during the synthesis of HENU and can be confused with HENU, HENU was retested and NOZ was tested for carcinogenicity. Improved syntheses of both compounds are described. They were administered in drinking water to male MRC-Wistar rats for 1 year, starting at 3 or 9 weeks of age. The HENU-treated rats showed incidences of 48% for bone tumors, 32% for intestinal tumors (mostly duodenal adenocarcinomas), and 53% for lymphoma-leukemia. Of the bone tumors, which were evaluated microscopically and radiologically, 68% were osteosarcomas and 32% were osteoblastomas. The skeletal distribution of these tumors was similar to that of human osteosarcoma, with the tumors occurring most frequently in the lower limbs near the knees. Of the hematopoietic tumors, the majority were lymphoblastic lymphoma-leukemia, which showed a diffuse organ distribution resembling human B-cell (Burkitt's-like) lymphoblastic lymphoma-leukemia, and differed from the usual type of convoluted T-cell lymphoma-leukemia induced by other nitrosoureas in rats and mice. NOZ induced intestinal tumors (mostly duodenal adenocarcinomas) in 80% and liver tumors (mostly hepatocellular adenomas) in 53% of the rats.
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PMID:Carcinogenicity of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-nitrosourea and 3-nitroso-2-oxazolidinone administered in drinking water to male MRC-Wistar rats: induction of bone, hematopoietic, intestinal, and liver tumors. 346

The normal range of glucose-phosphate-isomerase (GPI) in the plasma of children during the first month of life is up to 80 U/l; until the end of the second year of life between 11 and 50 U/l; thereafter the upper limit is 46 U/l. In osteogenic sarcoma or medulloblastoma there is a good correlation between activity of GPI in plasma and clinical tumor stage. In a lot of other tumors sensitivity of this enzyme is either very low as in Ewing-sarcoma or myeloic leukemia or there is no consistent relation to the extent of the tumor. High activities of GPI are equally obtained in children suffering from cystic fibrosis, diabetes mellitus or muscular dystrophy. GPI is not valid as a tumor marker even being raised in sarcoma and medulloblastoma as mentioned. So it is not necessary to check GPI activity as a part of routine enzyme chemistry.
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PMID:[Behavior of glucosephosphate isomerase in children with malignant diseases]. 346 43

Cell survival in response to doxorubicin (Dx) and cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (cis-Pt) administration, either alone or combined with hyperthermic treatment, was analyzed in human osteosarcoma (U-2-OS), murine melanoma (B16V) and murine leukemia (P388) cell lines and in Dx-resistant sublines derived from B16V and P388. In all cell lines tested there was an enhancement of drug toxicity by hyperthermia. In U-2-OS, the increase was more pronounced for cis-Pt than for Dx. In B16V and in P388, the increase in Dx toxicity was of the same degree in Dx-sensitive and Dx-resistant sublines, whereas heat-induced sensitization to cis-Pt was higher in Dx-resistant sublines than in their Dx-sensitive counterpart. Analysis of the protein pattern in the various cell lines showed that the synthesis of heat-shock proteins induced by heat was not influenced by the combined use of drugs and heat. Moreover, in spite of some differences in the overall protein pattern, no significant differences in the basal levels of heat-shock protein synthesis or in the extent of its induction after heat shock were observed between murine cell lines relatively sensitive to Dx and their corresponding selected resistant cells.
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PMID:Interaction of heat with chemotherapy in vitro: effect on cell viability and protein synthesis in human and murine cell lines. 347 10


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