Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seven patients with malignant cardiac tumors were treated surgically in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of the University of Tokyo between 1981 and 2000. Their treatments and outcomes are summarized and discussed. The ages of the patients ranged from 21 to 70 years old (mean: 49.5+/-15) and there were three males and four females. The histopathological diagnoses were hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), spindle cell sarcoma, round cell sarcoma, osteosarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, and leiomyosarcoma. In four of the cases, the tumor extended or metastasized from other organs, while in the other three cases it originated in the heart. Before the cardiac operation, an above-knee amputation, left nephrectomy, transarterial embolization, or extended right hepatic lobectomy had been performed to treat the primary site of the tumor. Tumor resection using cardiopulmonary bypass was performed in every case. The NYHA classification of heart failure was significantly improved (preop: 3.3+/-0.8, postop: 1.9+/-0.7 [P<0.001]). The mean survival period of the patients who died was 8.8+/-7.0 months. A patient with renal cell carcinoma is still alive after 87 months of follow-up. In summary, surgical treatment of malignant tumors of the right heart can improve the QOL in patients with cardiac failure. However, its effectiveness was temporary in all cases except one case of renal cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of malignant tumors of the right heart. 1222 1

Autogenous bone graft which has been either autoclaved or irradiated is commonly used in oriental countries as an alternative to allograft. We started to use the technique of extracorporeal irradiation of the resected specimen and reimplantation (ECIR) in 1991. There was, however, a high incidence of fracture of the irradiated bone and loss of articular cartilage. In an attempt to reduce these complications, we combined the irradiated autograft with a conventional arthroplasty. Between 1995 and 1998, 14 patients underwent limb salvage by this method. Seven had an osteosarcoma, two bony metastases, three a chondrosarcoma, one a malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and one a leiomyosarcoma. Ten tumours were located in the proximal femur, two in the proximal humerus, and two in the distal femur. One patient who had a solitary metastasis in the proximal part of the left femur died from lung metastases 13 months after operation. The remaining 13 patients were alive and without evidence of local recurrence or distant metastases at a mean follow-up of 43 months (28 to 72). Postoperative palsy of the sciatic nerve occurred in one patient, but no complications such as wound infection, fracture, or nonunion were seen. All host-irradiated bone junctions healed uneventfully within eight months. Using the Enneking functional evaluation system, the mean postoperative score for all 14 patients was 80% (57 to 93). The use of irradiated autograft prosthesis composites reduces the complications of ECIR and gives good functional results. It may be a good alternative in limb-salvage surgery, especially in countries where it is difficult to obtain allografts.
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PMID:Treatment of malignant bone tumours by extracorporeally irradiated autograft-prosthetic composite arthroplasty. 1246 62

Malignant mesenchymoma is an interesting but very rare tumor in which malignant differentiation has occurred twice or more. We report a case of retroperitoneal malignant mesenchymoma consisting of osteosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma and fibrosarcoma. Abdominal CT showed a large retroperitoneal mass with two separate and distinct parts, namely an area of prominent calcification and one of clearly enhancing solid components. The mass contained histologically distinct tumorous components with no histologic admixure at the interfaces. The densely calcified nodule corresponded to osteosarcoma, and the noncalcified clearly enhancing nodules to leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma and fibrosarcoma.
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PMID:Retroperitoneal malignant mesenchymoma: a case of mesenchymal mixed tumor with osteosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma and fibrosarcoma. 1251 45

This report describes two patients who developed leiomyosarcomas, one involving the subcutaneous tissue of the thigh and the pelvic soft tissues and the other the urinary bladder, following hereditary retinoblastoma 36 and 38 years earlier, respectively. There is an increased risk of the development of sarcoma, most commonly osteosarcoma, as a second malignancy following hereditary retinoblastoma. Leiomyosarcoma developing as a second malignancy has rarely been reported and most have occurred in the field of previous radiotherapy. The literature on leiomyosarcoma occurring as a second neoplasm following retinoblastoma is reviewed.
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PMID:Soft tissue, pelvic, and urinary bladder leiomyosarcoma as second neoplasm following hereditary retinoblastoma. 1261 Jan 6

Sarcoma of the oral region is extremely rare and ultrastructural studies of the tumor are limited in number. We collected oral sarcomas, such as fibrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, angiosarcoma, alveolar soft-part sarcoma, solitary plasmacytoma, and osteosarcoma, and performed ultrastructural studies of these tumors. The value of these studies for an understanding of the biological behavior of the tumors was then investigated. In these studies, electron microscopic examinations of oral sarcoma were of assistance in our attempt to establish correct diagnosis and histogenesis. Data from the studies of oral sarcoma by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry should be accumulated.
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PMID:Ultrastructure of oral sarcoma. 1265 55

Classification of pleomorphic malignancies is frequently problematic and important with regard to treatment. Their histologic differential diagnosis is extremely wide, including sarcomatoid carcinoma, melanoma, anaplastic lymphoma, and a large number of sarcomas with overlapping light microscopic appearances. Not infrequently, immunohistochemical investigations of such tumors yield conflicting or confusing results. In such cases, electron microscopy remains an invaluable investigative and diagnostic adjunct, revealing certain subcellular features that indicate a specific line of differentiation. Combining ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies is particularly useful in these tumors. This article focuses on the ultrastructural aspects of certain sarcomas that are predominantly pleomorphic, including high-grade fibrosarcoma, myxofibrosarcoma-malignant fibrous histiocytoma, acral myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma, pleomorphic liposarcoma, pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma, and pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma, as well as certain sarcomas that are occasionally quite pleomorphic, including angiosarcoma, malignant granular cell tumor, alveolar soft part sarcoma, and extraskeletal osteosarcoma. We also briefly comment on the common simulators of pleomorphic sarcomas, including melanoma, carcinoma, and lymphoma.
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PMID:The role of electron microscopy in the diagnosis of pleomorphic sarcomas of soft tissue. 1269 76

We report a case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the distal femoral shaft arising in a patient who had undergone bilateral orbital enucleation for bilateral retinoblastoma several years previously. Radiography demonstrated an osteolytic, expansive lesion with cortical destruction anteriorly in the distal femoral shaft, and these findings were confirmed on CT. MR imaging revealed an expansive intramedullary lesion with cortical breakthrough and soft tissue extension. The occurrence of a second malignancy in patients with a history of bilateral retinoblastoma is well documented. Many different histological types have been described, with osteosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma occurring with the greatest frequency.
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PMID:Leiomyosarcoma of the distal femur in a patient with a history of bilateral retinoblastoma: a case report and review of the literature. 1275 85

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is a tumor about which much remains unknown. The cell origin, molecular mechanism of pleomophism and mechanism of pleomorphic change in a cell undergoing malignant change have not been elucidated. MFH-like histological changes are observed in many bone and cartilage sarcomas, and some renal cell carcinomas and malignant lymphomas. These changes occur in many subtypes of sarcomas such as osteogenic sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and liposarcoma. MFH has been regarded as one tumor classification from its special histopathological features. In clinical pathological studies these tumors are divided into low-grade fibrous tumors and fibrous histiocytic tumors. With the establishment of molecular biological diagnostic methods, MFH-like histological features can be seen in changes in cellular differentiation of many sarcomas. Patients with MFH often have repeated recurrences before a diagnosis is made, and the tumor is partially resected. Furthermore, distance metastasis develops and the prognosis is poor. The sensitivity of MFH to radiotherapy and chemotherapy is insufficient, and evidence is lacking for adjuvant treatment. Rescue following initial treatment failure is extremely difficult. Local control of 70% to 90% can be achieved if a correct diagnosis is made, and a curative wide resection or salvage wide resection are done early. For treatment of bone and soft tissue sarcoma, a correct diagnosis and initial treatment are extremely important. MFHs are rare tumors that occur in every part of the body. Many cases need to be accumulated in joint clinical studies across fields according to organ and specialty, and effective treatment method developed. We need to advance the standardization of treatment for MFH, and eliminate wrong initial treatment through the active provision of information.
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PMID:[Current topics in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant fibrous histiocytoma]. 1279 93

The expression of alpha smooth muscle actin, muscle specific actin, desmin, h-caldesmon, and calponin was studied immunohistochemically in the following soft tissue and bone tumours and tumour-like lesions: muscle fibromatosis, inflammatory pseudotumours, chondroblastoma, enchondroma, chondrosarcoma, fibrous dysplasia, ossifying myositis, osteoblastoma, convential osteosarcoma, leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma. Tumours and tumour-like lesions with myofibroblastic cells, osteoblasts and chondroblasts frequently exhibited intensive immunoreactivity for the muscle markers, and therefore, some of them may occasionally be confused with leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma. Calponin does not help to differentiate various mesenchymal tumours expressing muscle markers, because it also stains intensively myofibroblasts, osteoblasts and chondroblasts. We confirmed that h-caldesmon was expressed intensely in leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas, and never in the other tumours examined, with the exception of three chondroblastomas. The results have shown that h-caldesmon is a rather specific and sensitive marker for smooth muscle tumours, but it can also stain some actin positive myochondroblasts. It is possible that the positivity of h-caldesmon in some chondroblastomas is due to their complete myogenic transdifferentiation, and so we use the term myochondroblasts and myochondrocytes for designation of such S-100 protein, actin, and h-caldesmon positive cells.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical differentiation of leiomyocellular tumors and tumors with myogenic differentiation]. 1287 3

Radiation therapy (RT) is commonly used to treat malignant tumors, but it leads to side effects and complications. Postradiation sarcomas developing from a previously irradiated area are especially vicious to deal with, though their occurrence is rare. This article focuses on the clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics, and therapeutic effects concerning postradiation soft tissue sarcomas (PRSTSs). A series of 14 PRSTSs treated between 1979 and 2000 in five hospitals in Japan were analyzed. Their histological types were malignant fibrous histiocytoma (eight cases), extraskeletal osteosarcoma (four cases), fibrosarcoma (one case), and leiomyosarcoma (one case). The primary diagnoses, RT history, latent period, and outcome of treatment were studied retrospectively. The original tumors included uterine cancer (seven cases), breast cancer (four cases), synovial sarcoma (one case), squamous cell carcinoma (one case), and Hodgkin's disease (one case). There were 13 women and 1 man, with ages ranging from 23 to 77 years (mean 58 years) at the time of the appearance of the PRSTS. RT doses ranged from 48 to 91 Gy (mean 62 Gy). The latent period from RT to the occurrence of the PRSTS varied from 4 to 27 years (mean 12.6 years). Altogether, 4 of 13 patients (31%) had recurrence of the sarcoma after resection. Of the 10 patients whose tumors were removed with a wide margin, one had a local recurrence; 3 cases were performed with a marginal margin and all 3 had a local recurrence. One of three who underwent RT and one of five who underwent chemotherapy (CT) responded. Of the 14 patients, 6 (42.9 %) survived continuously disease free, 2 (14.3%) died from other causes, 2 (14.3%) has an unknown outcome, and 4 (28.6 %) died of the disease during the follow-up period of 16-36 months (mean 24 months). The deaths due to other causes included an esophageal cancer and a wound infection. The prognosis of the PRSTS patients was not poor if the tumor could be removed with a wide surgical margin. Because adjuvant therapies including RT and CT had a poor effect on PRSTSs, the primary treatment of PRSTSs should be radical resection with a wide margin.
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PMID:Postradiation soft tissue sarcoma: a multiinstitutional analysis of 14 cases in Japan. 1516 77


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