Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hyperthermia greater than or equal to 42 degrees C is tumoricidal in vitro and in many animal models, although such temperatures have only recently been achieved experimentally in some human cancers. A recently developed radio frequency device that provides safe hyperthermia to any depth without surface tissue injury now permits evaluation of the effects of hyperthermia on advanced human sarcomas. Twelve patients with large sarcomas located intraabdominally [7], in the chest wall [2], proximal extremity [2], and the neck [1], were evaluated in this study. Tumor types include liposarcoma [3], rhabdomyosarcoma [2], leiomyosarcoma [2], neurofibrosarcoma [2], and one each malignant mesothelioma, undifferentiated sarcoma, and osteosarcoma. Intratumor temperatures greater than or equal to 42 degrees C were observed in all tumors, with virtually no normal tissue injury. Selective tumor heating greater than or equal to 45 degrees C occurred in 9/12 (75%) and greater than or equal to 50 degrees C in 6/12 (50%). One to five weekly treatments greater than or equal to 50 degrees C and ten daily treatments greater than or equal to 45 degrees C resulted in significant tumor necrosis and pain relief in some patients. Hyperthermia of advanced sarcomas is possible with little host toxicity and may be of potential therapeutic benefit.
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PMID:Radio frequency hyperthermia of advanced human sarcomas. 724 1

Carcinosarcomas are rare neoplasms that exhibit heterologous malignant epithelial and stromal components. We report two cases of salivary gland carcinosarcoma with immunohistochemical analysis and clinical follow-up that provide insights into the pathogenesis and behavior of these tumors. In one case, a 51-year-old black woman had a 15-year history of a hard, asymptomatic, infraauricular mass that recently had undergone rapid growth. The tumor showed adenocarcinoma and osteosarcoma. She died 9 months after diagnosis. In another case, a 78-year-old white woman had a large soft palate mass that had been present for several years and had recently caused dysphagia. The tumor showed adenocarcinoma and leiomyosarcoma. The patient is alive at 9 months follow-up. Although malignant epithelial and stromal components characterize carcinosarcomas, immunohistochemical studies suggest that both elements are derived from a common precursor cell, possibly of myoepithelial origin. These cases support this concept and perhaps suggest a spectrum of differentiation that this precursor cell may exhibit.
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PMID:Carcinosarcoma of salivary glands with unusual stromal components. Report of two cases and review of the literature. 762 Oct 32

Canine tumors resected at surgery or autopsy were subcutaneously xenotransplanted into SCID mice. Thirty of the seventy-three tumors (41.1%) grew primarily in SCID mice. The primary take rate of mammary tumors and skin and subcutaneous tumors was 55.9% (19/34) and 28.6% (8/28), respectively. One thyroid carcinoma, one oral leiomyosarcoma and one osteosarcoma also underwent successful primary growth. Thirteen of the forty-one benign tumors (31.7%) and 17 of the thirty-two malignant ones (53.1%) were successfully transplantable. The histological features of the primary xenografts and their original tumors were similar to each other in all the cases. Three xenografts of the four malignant tumors with metastasis in the canine patients were shown to grow also in SCID mice and two mammary tumor xenografts out of the three metastasized to the lungs of SCID mice as well. All the 30 primary tumor xenografts grown in the first recipient were successfully transplantable to the second generation of the SCID mice. Xenotransplantation using SCID mice appears to be a valuable tool for investigating the biological characteristics of canine neoplasmas.
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PMID:Xenotransplantation of canine tumors into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. 769 97

Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) activates several clinically important drugs, including the recently developed antileukaemic compound 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (CdA). The distribution of dCK in cells and tissues has previously been determined by activity measurements, which may be unreliable because of the presence of other enzymes with overlapping substrate specificities. Therefore we have measured dCK polypeptide levels in extracts of normal and malignant human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, gastrointestinal tissues and sarcomas, using a specific immunoblotting technique, as well as the phosphorylation of CdA in the same extracts. High levels of dCK were found in all major subpopulations of normal mononuclear leucocytes (120 +/- 19 ng dCK/mg protein) and in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (81 +/- 30 ng/mg, n = 23). Hairy-cell leukaemia contained lower levels (28 +/- 23 ng/mg, n = 7), as did three samples of T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (18 +/- 14 ng/mg). Phytohaemagglutinin stimulation of normal lymphocytes did not lead to any substantial increase in either dCK activity or protein expression (less than 2.5-fold). The human CEM wt T-lymphoblastoid cell line contained 56 +/- 1 ng/dCK/mg protein, while in the CEM ddC50 and AraC8D mutants that lack dCK activity, no dCK polypeptide could be detected. In colon adenocarcinomas, the dCK content was significantly higher (20 +/- 9 ng/mg, n = 20) than in normal colon mucosa (8 +/- 3.5 ng/mg, n = 19, P < 0.05). A similar pattern of dCK expression was found in gastric adenocarcinomas (21 +/- 13 ng/mg, n = 5) and normal stomach mucosa (6 +/- 5 ng/mg, n = 5, P < 0.15). One leiomyosarcoma and one extra-skeletal osteosarcoma showed dCK levels comparable with those found in normal lymphocytes (84 +/- 6 and 109 +/- 4 ng/mg, respectively), while other sarcoma samples contained lower levels, comparable to the gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas (20 +/- 7 ng/mg, n = 12). Thus, dCK is expressed constitutively and predominantly in lymphoid cells, but it is also found in solid non-lymphoid tissues, with increased levels in malignant cells. The phosphorylation of CdA in crude extracts showed a close correlation to the dCK polypeptide level.
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PMID:Expression of deoxycytidine kinase and phosphorylation of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine in human normal and tumour cells and tissues. 771 26

Deoxynucleoside kinases are key enzymes in deoxyribonucleoside salvage, activating several clinically important chemotherapeutic drugs. The four known kinases, cytosolic thymidine kinase (TK1) and deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) and the mitochondrial thymidine kinase (TK2) and deoxyguanosine kinase (dGK), have been purified and characterized as to the subunit structure as well as specificity with a large number of analogs. These results are summarized and used to establish selective assays for the four enzymes in crude extracts of normal and malignant human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, gastrointestinal tissues and sarcomas. TK2 and dGK activities were found at low levels in all tissues, possibly correlated to the content of mitochondria. TK1 activity was detected only in samples containing a significant number of S phase cells. We have measured dCK activity as well as dCK polypeptide level by immuno blotting in these extracts. High levels of dCK were found in normal mononuclear leukocytes (91-145 ng dCK/mg protein) and in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (80 +/- 30 ng/mg, n = 23). Hairy cell leukemia contained lower levels (28 +/- 23 ng/mg, n = 7), as did unexpectedly three samples of T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (18 +/- 14 ng/mg). Phytohemaglutinine stimulation of normal lymphocytes did not lead to any substantial increase in either dCK activity or expression (less than 2.5-fold). In colon adenocarcinomas, the dCK content was significantly higher (21 +/- 9.3 ng/mg, n = 20) than in normal colon mucosa (8.2 +/- 3.7 ng/mg, n = 19, p < 0.05). A similar pattern of dCK expression was found in gastric adenocarcinomas (21 +/- 13 ng/mg, n = 5) and normal ventricular mucosa (6.2 +/- 5.4 ng/mg, n = 5, p < 0.15). One leiomyosarcoma and one extra-skeletal osteosarcoma showed a dCK levels comparable to those found in normal lymphocytes (84 +/- 6 and 109 +/- 4 ng/mg), while other sarcoma samples contained levels comparable to the gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas (20 +/- 7 ng/mg, n = 12). We confirm that dCK is expressed constitutively and predominantly in lymphoid cells, but conclude that a significant expression may be found in non-lymphoid tissues as well, with increased levels in the corresponding tumor tissue. 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (CdA), an antileukemic agent used in treatment of hairy cell leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemias (B-CLL), is phosphorylated by dCK which was used as the selective substrate for this enzyme. A study was performed to investigate if there was a correlation between the dCK levels and the response to CdA treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Properties and levels of deoxynucleoside kinases in normal and tumor cells; implications for chemotherapy. 794 71

Three cases of malignant mesenchymoma with numerous osteoclast-like giant cells, arising in deep soft tissue, and which mimicked the so-called giant cell variant of "malignant fibrous histiocytoma" have been studied. All three neoplasms arose in adults; two patients were male and one was female. Two tumours arose in the thigh, and one in the right shoulder. Two patients died within 2 years of the primary excision while the third is alive and well at 2.5 years. Histologically, one case showed leiomyosarcoma plus liposarcoma, one leiomyosarcoma plus osteosarcoma, and one tumour consisted of liposarcoma plus osteosarcoma; all components were assessed morphologically as high-grade malignant. All three cases showed prominent osteoclast-like giant cells in the leiomyosarcomatous or osteosarcomatous areas, thereby closely mimicking the phenotype of so-called giant cell variant of "malignant fibrous histiocytoma". We discuss briefly differences in soft tissue sarcomas demonstrating this distinctive osteoclast-rich phenotype.
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PMID:Malignant mesenchymomas of soft tissue associated with numerous osteoclast-like giant cells mimicking the so-called giant cell variant of "malignant fibrous histiocytoma". 803 34

Eight cases of leiomyosarcoma with osteoclast-like giant cells, arising in deep soft tissue, and that mimicked closely the "giant cell variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH)," have been studied morphologically and immunohistochemically. The age of the patients ranged from 7 to 88 years (mean, 66.2 years; median, 74 years); five were female patients. Three lesions arose in the lower limbs, two in the buttock, and one each in the shoulder, chest wall, and the floor of the mouth. Follow-up in one case revealed a local recurrence and in two cases systemic metastases. All cases showed, at least focally, interwoven spindle cell fascicles, with the cytologic features of smooth muscle cells, as well as strong positivity for alpha-smooth-muscle actin, muscle actin, and desmin. The morphologically benign osteoclast-like giant cells expressed CD68 but failed to stain with myogenic markers. The association of leiomyosarcoma with prominent osteoclast-like giant cells is not as uncommon as generally believed, being evident in 8.7% of the deep-seated nonvisceral leiomyosarcomas that we have studied. These results provide good evidence for myogenic differentiation in at least a subset of those tumors with morphologic features currently classified as the giant cell variant of MFH. Considering that at least some other reported cases of giant cell MFH appear to be a variant of extraskeletal osteosarcoma, we would suggest that lesions with this distinctive pattern should be more carefully classified according to their apparent line of differentiation.
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PMID:Leiomyosarcoma with prominent osteoclast-like giant cells. Analysis of eight cases closely mimicking the so-called giant cell variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. 769 55

A 50-year-old man visited our clinic with the complaint of a painless, growing swelling in the left inguinal region. High inguinal orchiectomy including tumor resection was performed. The tumor originated in the spermatic cord without invading the epididymis or the testis. Histologically, the tumor consisted of osteosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and liposarcoma, which was compatible with the pathological finding of malignant mesenchymoma. Postoperatively, the patient received 2 courses of adjuvant chemotherapy according to the CYVADIC regimen. He is alive 12 months after surgery with no evidence of tumor recurrence or metastasis. Malignant tumors of the spermatic cord are rare, especially malignant mesenchymoma. Our case is the 7th one so far reported in Japan.
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PMID:[Malignant mesenchymoma of the spermatic cord: a case report]. 812 29

Surgical submissions from canine splenectomy cases spanning a 3-year period (1988-1990) were evaluated. Eighty seven neoplasms of the spleen considered to be of nonangiomatous and nonlymphomatous origin were selected for morphologic classification, mitotic index determination, immunohistochemical analysis, and patient survival determination. In 76/87 cases, patient survival information was available, and the mitotic index was determined in 83/87 cases. Immunohistochemistry for selected antigens (vimentin, desmin, smooth muscle actin, myosin, and factor VIII-related antigen) was performed in 58/87 of the cases. Morphologic classification of these lesions in standard HE preparations yielded the following neoplastic groups: fibrosarcoma (19/87), undifferentiated sarcoma (19/87), leiomyosarcoma (14/87), osteosarcoma (8/87), mesenchymoma (7/87), myxosarcoma (6/87), histiocytic sarcoma (6/87), leiomyoma (3/87), lipoma-myelolipoma (2/87), liposarcoma (2/87), and malignant fibrous histiocytoma (1/87). A lack of distinct morphologic characteristics among many of the neoplasms that were classified as either fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, or undifferentiated sarcoma contrasted these groups with the relatively unambiguous features that distinguished the other sarcoma groups. Using immunohistochemical staining for muscle-specific antigens (desmin, smooth muscle actin, and myosin), specific staining often overlapped extensively within the neoplastic groups of fibrosarcomas, leiomyosarcomas, and undifferentiated sarcomas, suggesting either ambiguous morphologic findings or the possibility of a common histogenesis from smooth muscle trabeculae or a distinct population of splenic myofibroblasts. The biological behavior of all tumors examined could be placed into three categories of patient survival: (1) benign, noninvasive tumors (leiomyoma, lipoma) with prolonged survival intervals; (2) malignant tumors (fibrosarcoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, myxosarcoma, histiocytic sarcoma, and liposarcoma), showing severely truncated survival (median 4 months with 80-100% mortality after 12 months; and (3) intermediate survival periods (median 12 months with 50% 1 year survival) attributed to a single group of neoplasm, the mesenchymomas. The biological behavior of primary splenic nonangiomatous, nonlymphomatous sarcomas was most closely correlated with observed mitotic index. Splenic neoplasms of this type with a mitotic index < 9 showed significantly (P < 0.0001) longer survival intervals than those with an index > 9. With the exception of osteosarcoma, all anatomically defined tumor groups contained one or more specimens with a mitotic index < 9. The clinical prognosis given for splenic sarcomas should be modified according to the mitotic index as a predictive value for patient survival.
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PMID:Primary mesenchymal (nonangiomatous/nonlymphomatous) neoplasms occurring in the canine spleen: anatomic classification, immunohistochemistry, and mitotic activity correlated with patient survival. 814 Jul 24

The reconstruction of large segmental defects after the resection of malignant bone tumors is usually done with modular or custom-made endoprostheses, so far, they appear to work well. From the experience with other indications for endoprostheses it must be admitted that failures will be a matter of time only. With the improved prognosis for patients with primary malignant bone tumors with regard to relapse-free survival and increased chances for permanent cure, the trend for reconstruction procedures should be directed to more 'biological' techniques. The reconstruction of osseous and osteocartilaginous defects with massive allografts is somewhere between the use of autologous bone and artificial replacement. From the experience with 14 allograft reconstructions in primary malignant bone tumors (osteosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, leiomyosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, lymphoma) or other aggressive lesions (aneurysmal bone cyst, recurring giant-cell tumor, solitary metastasis) of the humerus (one osteoligamentous graft in combination with an endoprosthesis, one intercalary graft), the femur (three intercalary grafts, two osteoarticular distal femurs, one combination with an endoprosthesis), and the proximal tibia (four osteocartilaginous, two intercalary grafts) in patients aged 10 to 64 years, we feel that this type of reconstruction allows for a reconstruction without sacrificing more bone and soft tissue than needed for the surgical margins. Fusion between the patient's bone and the allograft has been seen after 6 to 18 months. From this small series it is concluded that using allografts might allow for the preservation of joint structures that need to be resected for the implantation of an endoprosthesis, increasing the possibilities for salvage procedures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Reconstruction of segmental bone defects using massive osseous and osteocartilaginous allograft]. 815 8


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