Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The series consisted of 132 patients, 61 with primary bone sarcomas and 71 with primary soft tissue sarcomas. The patients were all evaluated by lymphography. The investigation included both patients who had not yet been treated and patients with suspected or confirmed metastases. All tumour diagnoses were confirmed microscopically. The findings as regards dissemination were based on clinical examinations, laboratory tests, roentgen examinations and lymphographies. In some cases, lymph node biopsies and surgical observations were also used. A total of 151 lymphographies were performed and 281 follow-up films taken. Preoperative lymphography was performed using the technique introduced by Kinmonth. For postoperative lymphography on the stumps of amputated extremities, two simple but useful methods were developed, which are presented here. Changes in the lymphographic appearance of lymph node metastases, the occurrence of new metastases, and the results of treatment were assessed by survey films and repeat lymphography. The generally accepted criteria for metastasis were used as a basis for the analysis of the lymphographic findings. The results may be summarized as follows: 1. Incidence of lymphatic dissemination. Different sarcomas varied greatly in their clinical course, including the frequency of dissemination. The lymphatic involvement in the metastatic cases was as follows: Bone sarcomas: 16 out of 28 (Table 10); of these, 13 were to regional lymph nodes, 8 to distant nodes and 5 to both (Table 14). Soft tissue sarcomas: 24 out of 40 (Table 11). All 24 had metastases in regional nodes, and 8 in distant nodes as well (Table 15). The highest frequencies of lymphatic spread in the different metastasized tumours were found to be: Bone sarcomas: reticulosarcoma 100%, Ewing's sarcoma 50%, osteosarcoma 47%. Soft tissue sarcomas: rhabdomyosarcoma 100%, synovial sarcoma 80%, neurogenic sarcoma 78%, leiomyosarcoma 67%. 2. Time-relation between lymphatic and haematogenic dissemination; The tendency to metastasize first via the lymphatics or via the blood vessels varied. Half of the cases of Ewing's sarcoma and reticulosarcoma had evidence of lymphatic spread before blood-borne metastases were detected. In the osteosarcoma cases, however, lymphatic dissemination was always preceded by haematogenic spread (Table 12). In synovial sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and neurogenic sarcoma, the first dissemination was more frequently lymphatic than haematogenic (Table 13). 3. Possible existence of special lymphographic features of sarcoma metastases. Only reticulosarcoma displayed special characteristics. The lymph node metastases of reticulosarcoma of bone had lymphographic appearances similar to those found in reticulosarcoma of soft tissue or lymph node origin (Fig. 12). The lymph node metastases of other primary bone and soft tissue sarcomas had no specific lymphographic features and were indistinguishable from carcinomatous metastases (Figs 7, 9, 13, 15, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23). 4...
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PMID:Lymphatic dissemination of bone and soft tissue sarcomas: a lymphographic investigation. 20 99

Eleven patients with measurable subcutaneous or pulmonary metastases were selected for a study of the effectiveness of the radiosensitizer misonidazole (MIS). Evaluable data were obtained in 6 patients and radiosensitization demonstrated in 5. Patients were irradiated either before or after MIS, and each patient acted as his own control. Response to treatment in 5 cases was assessed in terms of growth delay, and radiation doses were selected in expectation of enhancement ratios of 1.2 to 1.5. In 1 case evidence of sensitization was obtained from differential tumour clearance from 2 areas of skin irradiated before or after MIS. Results in 4/5 growth-delay studies indicated enhancement ratios ranging from 1.1 to greater than 1.5. An enhancement ratio of 1.3 was measured in a case of squamous carcinoma treated by a 10-fraction course of irradiation. Evidence of sensitization was obtained in breast carcinoma, osteosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, prostatic carcinoma and synoviosarcoma. The results of this study support the view that MIS may improve the radiotherapeutic management of a wide range of tumours, although more extensive data are required to identify those categories of disease in which greatest benefit will be obtained, and to indicate the optimum radiation schedule.
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PMID:The quantitative response of human tumours to radiation and misonidazole. 52 30

Survival data on a population-based series of bone, soft tissue and visceral sarcomas diagnosed in the North West of England between 1982-84 and subjected to histopathological peer review are presented. Five-year crude survival for all cases was 34%. Survival in males and females did not differ significantly (P = 0.6, 5-year survival 32% vs 36%) but was markedly worse for patients diagnosed over the median age of 60 years, even when allowance was made for underlying mortality (P = 0.03, 34% vs 44%). Five-year survival rates for the major site groups were: bone 44%; soft tissues of head, neck and trunk 36%; soft tissues of extremities 35%; female genital tract 35%; retroperitoneum 15%; gastro-intestinal tract 13%. Analysis by the major histological types revealed the following survival rates: leiomyosarcoma--female genital tract 25%, gastro-intestinal tract 14%, non-visceral soft tissue 21%; malignant fibrous histiocytoma of soft tissue 29%; liposarcoma 52%; osteosarcoma of bone 46%; and chondrosarcoma of bone 50%.
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PMID:Sarcomas in north west England: III. Survival. 141 7

Between 1957 and March 1991, 106 patients with 110 neoplasms that originated in the heart were treated surgically at the Mayo Clinic and had pathologic material available for review. The study group consisted of 39 male and 67 female patients, who ranged in age from 2 to 80 years. Benign atrial myxomas (64 in the left atrium and 16 in the right atrium) were the most commonly encountered neoplasm. The other benign tumors were nine fibromas, five lipomatous tumors, seven valvular fibroelastic papillomas, and one cardiac hamartoma (so-called oncocytic cardiomyopathy). In addition, eight patients had a primary cardiac malignant lesion: angiosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma in two patients each and sarcoma (not otherwise specified) and osteogenic sarcoma in one patient each. The angiosarcomas originated in the right atrium, and the other malignant tumors originated in the left atrium. The histologic feature that most frequently predicted an adverse clinical outcome was the presence of mitotic figures, although highly cellular tumors and those with necrosis also tended to have a malignant course.
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PMID:Pathology of surgically excised primary cardiac tumors. 143 56

A multicenter retrospective series of 70 breast sarcomas (malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes (25), osteosarcoma (12), liposarcoma (10), stromal sarcoma (8), angiosarcoma (7), mixed types sarcoma (4), malignant histiocytoma (3), leiomyosarcoma (1)) was reviewed. The average follow-up was 5.9 years. Diagnostic tests (palpation, mammography, sonography and cytology) were poorly sensitive, and a large proportion of cases, appearing as regular, sharp bordered, rounded masses were diagnosed as benign fibroadenomas. Surgery (limited (29), mastectomy (41)) was the treatment of choice. Axillary nodes were rarely involved (2 of 31) at pathologic staging. No significant predictors of local recurrences (12 cases) were observed although recurrences were more frequent in larger lesions (0-20 mm = 1.1%, 21-50 mm = 1.7%, > 50 mm = 6.1% women-year) and in cases treated with limited surgery (limited surgery 4.6%, mastectomy 2.0% women-year). Distant metastases (16 cases) were less frequent in malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes or liposarcoma patients, but no other significant predictors of distant metastases were evidenced. Five-year disease-free or overall survival was 50% or 66%, respectively. The study confirms that breast sarcomas are rare, difficult to diagnose, but can be cured by surgical treatment in a considerable proportion of cases.
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PMID:Sarcomas of the breast: a multicenter series of 70 cases. 149 28

Recent studies of Class II histocompatibility antigen expression in bone and soft tissue sarcomas have suggested that malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) may express HLA-DR, whereas histologically similar pleomorphic, epithelioid, and spindle cell malignant neoplasms generally do not. To test whether these observations are reproducible in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue sarcomas, anti-HLA-DR antibodies LK8D3 and LN3 were applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of MFH, neurofibrosarcoma (NFS), leiomyosarcoma (LMS), synovial sarcoma (SS), fibrosarcoma (FS), angiosarcoma (AS), Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), chondrosarcoma (ChS), "dedifferentiated" chondrosarcoma (DChS), osteosarcoma (OS), epithelioid sarcoma (ES), and clear cell sarcoma (CCS; malignant melanoma of soft parts). The only consistent difference in Class II antigen expression was seen in the group of neoplasms composed of large polygonal cells. Among the latter lesions, four of six clear cell sarcomas were labeled by LK8D3 or LN3, but none of 12 epithelioid sarcomas were reactive. Otherwise, a diversity of tumors in other morphologic categories expressed Class II antigens, with no clear diagnostic patterns. These results may be of use in the diagnostic separation of large cell epithelioid tumors of soft tissue, but neither LN3 nor LK8D3 appears to be helpful in the identification of other sarcomas.
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PMID:HLA-DR (Ia-like) reactivity in tumors of bone and soft tissue: an immunohistochemical comparison of monoclonal antibodies LN3 and LK8D3 in routinely processed specimens. 169 91

The production and detailed immunostaining properties of a new rat monoclonal antibody (ICR.2) to epithelial membrane antigen are reported. The antibody was selected for its ability to compete with the polyclonal antiserum (M7), used in the original immunohistological studies, in order that it might serve as a direct replacement in diagnosing epithelial tumours. Most of the staining reactions on normal tissues were identical to those previously reported with M7 but there were some important differences. They included: positivity of renal and adrenal capsular fibroblasts, perineurium, some myoepithelial and smooth muscle cells, occasional osteoblasts and squamous and thyroid follicular epithelium in the normal state. The intercellular canaliculi of sweat glands and secretory canaliculi of gastric oxyntic cells were clearly demonstrated. These staining reactions could be obtained with M7 when a sensitive detection system was used although the results were usually weak and inconsistent. Nearly all adenosquamous and transitional carcinomas were positive. The remaining tumours fell into three major groups: (1) those which were consistently or nearly consistently negative--melanoma, seminoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, adrenal cortical carcinoma, granulocytic sarcoma, paraganglioma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Hodgkin's disease and embryonal carcinoma: (2) those which were either negative or positive with distinctive patterns of staining--basal cell carcinoma, embryonal tumours: and (3) non-epithelial tumours that were consistently positive--epithelioid sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, osteosarcoma, chordoma and myeloma--or positive in a significant minority of cases--leiomyosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, clear cell sarcoma of tendon sheath, various neuroectodermal tumours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Detailed investigation of the diagnostic value in tumour histopathology of ICR.2, a new monoclonal antibody to epithelial membrane antigen. 169 88

Seventy-five primary sarcomas of the heart were classified by histologic appearance as angiosarcoma (26 cases), undifferentiated sarcoma (18 cases), osteosarcoma (9 cases), fibrosarcoma (6 cases), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (6 cases), leiomyosarcoma (4 cases), myxosarcoma (3 cases), synovial sarcoma (2 cases), and neurofibrosarcoma (1 case). The ages of the patients ranged from 1 to 75 years at the time of presentation (mean, 39 years). Angiosarcomas were predominantly right-sided and osteosarcomas left-sided. Forty patients treated surgically were examined, and survival correlated with clinical and histologic parameters. the survival rate was poor, with a mean of 11 months and median of 6 months. By univariate analysis, the survival rate was more favorable for patients with tumors located on the left side of the heart, without necrosis, with a low mitotic count, and without metastasis at diagnosis. Survival rates were better in patients receiving chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Age, gender, presence of differentiation, and histologic type did not affect prognosis. By multivariate analysis, a low level of mitotic activity and any therapy were the only significant factors affecting survival rate. Immunostaining with commercially available antisera was useful in the diagnosis of sarcoma but not in subclassification of 19 tumors so tested. Although the prognosis for patients with cardiac sarcomas is dismal, histologic grading is useful in predicting outcome, as has been shown for soft tissue sarcomas of other sites.
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PMID:Primary sarcomas of the heart. 172 67

The authors assessed the impact of two cycles of preoperative chemotherapy (POCT) with intraarterial cisplatin (120 mg/m2) and continuous intravenous doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin; 20 mg/m2/day x 3 days) on the decision to perform a limb-sparing procedure (LSP) or amputation in 22 patients with high-grade bone sarcomas of the extremities. The tumor types were osteosarcoma (17), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (three), leiomyosarcoma (one), and malignant schwannoma (one). Surgical stages were IIA (three), IIB (17), and IIIB (two). The prechemotherapy surgical options chosen were 12 amputations (55% of patients) and ten LSPs (45%). The initial decisions to amputate were based on a combination of the following: improper biopsy (five cases), large tumors (ten) and those with neurovascular encroachment (six), and pathological fracture (one). Following chemotherapy, 18 LSPs (81%) and four amputations (19%) were performed. Nine of 12 patients (75%) initially deemed unresectable were converted to LSP. The median tumor response (necrosis; range, 0%-100%) was 70%; ten of 22 specimens had necrosis greater than 95%. Median tumor necrosis for the patients treated by amputation and LSPs was 45% and 88%, respectively. Following surgery, all patients received four additional cycles of cisplatin and doxorubicin. The median follow-up period is 30 months; six patients have developed metastatic disease, with a median disease-free interval of 16.6 months. The rate of local tumor control is 95% (21 of 22 patients).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Impact of two cycles of preoperative chemotherapy with intraarterial cisplatin and intravenous doxorubicin on the choice of surgical procedure for high-grade bone sarcomas of the extremities. 188 42

True carcinosarcoma of the prostate is a rare neoplasm, with only 9 cases well documented by immunocytochemistry and ultrastructural examination. We report a case of an unresectable pelvic tumor studied at autopsy. The primary prostatic neoplasm and pulmonary metastases were composed of well differentiated adenocarcinoma admixed with foci of leiomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma. The sarcomatous components showed reactivity with vimentin and desmin, did not express prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostate specific antigen (PSA), and contained myofilaments on electron microscopic examination. Positive staining of the carcinomatous component for PAP and PSA was noted. These findings confirm the mixed epithelial and mesenchymal components in primary and metastatic sites, and support the diagnosis of true prostatic carcinosarcoma.
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PMID:Prostatic carcinosarcoma: case report and review of literature. 194 96


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