Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studies were made on the appearance of second malignant tumors (SMT) in children followed in a pediatric hospital at metropolitan Santiago, Chile, between years 1968 and 1987. A retrospective analysis identified SMT in 7 of 430 patients who survived a childhood cancer (incidence 1.62%). An 8th patient was added, whose first neoplasm was treated in another hospital. The initial diagnosis in the affected children were medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma, Wilm's tumor retinoblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, Hodgkin's disease and, in two cases, acute lymphocytic leukemias. The age range was 6 months to 11 years. Treatment was done by surgery in 5/8, chemotherapy in 7/8 and radiotherapy in all patients. The latent period between the diagnosis of the first cancer and the diagnosis of the SMT was 3.5 to 12 years (median 8.5 years). Osteosarcomas were the most frequent SMT (5/8). The other SMT were a rhabdomyosarcoma, a non Hodgkin lymphoma and an astrocytoma. The majority of SMT were located in the area of prior radiotherapy (6/8). In the other two cases, one had an osteosarcoma, after a bilateral retinoblastoma, which grew outside the previously treated area, and the last one consisted of a lymphoma which was identified 9 years after an acute lymphocytic leukemia. Only 3/8 SMT patients are alive after 14.21 and 34 months follow up. The other children died between 11 and 20 months after diagnosis of SMT. Notwithstanding these kinds of outcome, benefits of therapy for patients with primary tumors greatly outweight the later risk of cancer induction in a small proportion of them.
 ...
PMID:[Second cancer in pediatric patients]. 213 86

Survival rates were analysed for a population-based series of over 15,000 childhood cancers registered in Great Britain during 1971-85. There were highly significant improvements (P less than 0.001 for trend) in survival for many major diagnostic groups. Between 1971-73 and 1983-85 the actuarial 5-year survival rates increased from 37% to 70% for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, from 4% to 26% for acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia, from 76% to 88% for Hodgkin's disease, from 22% to 70% for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, from 61% to 72% for astrocytoma, from 24% to 42% for medulloblastoma, from 15% to 43% for neuroblastoma, from 58% to 79% for Wilms' tumour, from 17% to 54% for osteosarcoma, from 26% to 61% for rhabdomyosarcoma, from 59% to 94% for malignant testicular germ-cell tumours and from 43% to 77% for malignant ovarian germ-cell tumours. These increases in population-based survival rates reflect the substantial advances in treatment of a wide range of childhood cancers since 1970. The two principal diagnostic groups for which there was no evidence of any trend were retinoblastoma, which already had an excellent prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of over 85%, and Ewing's sarcoma, for which the survival rate remained below 45%.
 ...
PMID:Trends in survival for childhood cancer in Britain diagnosed 1971-85. 217 43

Seventy-two children with recurrent, progressive, or metastatic lymphomas and other solid tumors, exclusive of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors, were treated with aziridinylbenzoquinone (AZQ, diaziquone) at 9 mg/m2/day by 30-min intravenous infusion for 5 days every 3 weeks. Fifty-four patients were evaluable for response. Three partial responses occurred, two in patients with recurrent Hodgkin's disease and one in a patient with intraocular retinoblastoma. Sufficient numbers of patients with osteosarcoma, neuroblastoma, and Wilms' tumor were evaluable to demonstrate inactivity of this dosing regimen in these tumor types. Numbers of evaluable patients for other tumor types were insufficient to conclusively demonstrate inactivity. Myelosuppression, which was profound and prolonged, was observed. As administered in this study, AZQ has marginal activity and severe myelotoxicity in children with solid tumors.
 ...
PMID:A phase II study of diaziquone in children with recurrent or progressive solid tumors. Report from the Childrens Cancer Study Group. 224 Apr 75

The effective treatment of systemic cancer began in the 1950s on two fronts, i.e., childhood leukemia and choriocarcinoma. These two diseases were successfully treated as a direct result of the use of antifolate methotrexate. The demonstration of complete durable remissions in these diseases quickly led to development of other anticancer drugs, tested using the prospective clinical trials. In the 1960s as the number of active drugs increased, combination chemotherapy was introduced. Other systemic cancers, such as Hodgkin's, large cell lymphoma, and testicular cancer, became curable in the 1970s. For the common low-growth fraction solid tumors, the curability of systemic disease remained elusive until the introduction of adjuvant therapy to treat micrometastases. The past decade of the 1980s has seen improvement in the outcomes for breast cancer, osteosarcoma, and possible colon cancer utilizing adjunctive chemotherapy. The 1980s also saw the introduction of biologic therapies that have further improved the outcomes of several leukemias and produced consistent responses in patients with renal cell and melanoma. The 1990s will undoubtedly see more improvements as the effects of current drugs will be enhanced not only by improved integration of systemic and local therapies but also by utilizing cytokines and biologic response modifiers in concert with cytotoxics. Moreover, as we understand more about the process of cancer induction, promotion, and progression, more specific anti-cancer approaches will be developed to control cancer even before clinical cancer is diagnosed. Underlying and facilitating the improvement in cancer therapy have been not only the experimental results of many laboratory scientists but also the outcomes from many controlled clinical trials, the laboratory of clinical scientists.
 ...
PMID:Progress in the systemic treatment of cancer. Concepts, trials, drugs, and biologics. 230 52

Data on the incidence of childhood cancer in Queensland during the 10-year period 1979-88 are presented. During this period, 786 cases were registered. The average annual crude and age-standardized (to the world population) incidence rates for both sexes were 12.63 and 13.30 per 100,000 respectively. The incidence of cancer in males is unusually high, as is the sex ratio of 1.57. ALL accounted for 78% of all leukaemias. There appears to have been a decline in the incidence of Hodgkin's disease, especially in older children, compared with an earlier Queensland series. Ewing's tumour remains commoner than osteosarcoma. Some modifications to the classification scheme for childhood cancer are proposed. The most important of these is the omission of Langerhans-cell histiocytosis, which is not now regarded as a neoplasm.
 ...
PMID:Childhood cancer incidence in Queensland, 1979-88. 235 80

From September 1984 to March 1989, 57 children received intraoperative radiotherapy as part of a multidisciplinary tumor treatment. Their age ranged from 2 to 18 years. Tumor types: osteosarcoma, 21; Ewing's sarcoma, 19; soft tissue sarcomas, 6; neuroblastoma, 5; Wilm's tumor, 3; Hodgkin, 1; glioma, 1, and malignant pheochromocytoma, 1. In 44 patients the disease was localized while 13 had distant metastases. Intraoperative radiotherapy was used in 48 previously untreated patients as part of a radical treatment program and in 9 cases as an effort to rescue local failures (5 in previously irradiated areas). The intraoperative radiation field included the surgically exposed tumor or tumor bed, and the single doses ranged from 10 to 20 Gy, with 6-20 MeV electrons. With a median follow up time of 25 months (4 to 51 + months) 44 out of 57 patients are alive without local recurrence and 13 have died from tumor (6 with local progression). Intraoperative radiotherapy seems to be a feasible treatment which might promote local control in pediatric tumors.
 ...
PMID:[Intraoperative radiotherapy in the multidisciplinary treatment of malignant tumors in children. Preliminary results]. 263 10

531 cases of malignant neoplasms and potentially malignant hyperplasia in children and adolescents diagnosed in the Department of Pathomorphology, Institute of Mother and Child between 1978/79 and 1983 are presented. Only patients treated in this hospital were included into the study. The most common diagnoses were neuroblastoma (68 cases), rhabdomyosarcoma (62 cases), nephroblastoma (56 cases), osteogenic sarcoma (47 cases), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (41 cases). Besides neoplasms most typical for childhood and adolescence the rare less typical cases were also seen.
 ...
PMID:[Malignant neoplasms and potentially malignant hyperplasia in children and adolescents from material at the Department of Pathomorphology, Institute of Mother and Child during 1978/79-1983]. 263 66

In pediatric malignancies, particularly sarcomas, alkylating agents play an important role in the curative, combination chemotherapy approach. Since high doses of ifosfamide, the structural isomer of cyclophosphamide, were made tolerable with mesna uroprotection, high-dose ifosfamide (5 to 10 g/m2) has replaced conventional-dose cyclophosphamide (900 to 1,500 mg/m2) in some combination chemotherapy regimens. In Ewing's sarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma, the response rate and proportion of patients surviving disease free have been increased (at least for poor-prognosis patients) by 15% to 20% with an ifosfamide-containing regimen, as used in ongoing trials of the German Society of Pediatric Oncology. In germ cell tumors, the combination of ifosfamide and etoposide has proved to be an effective salvage regimen in patients resistant to vinblastine, bleomycin, and cisplatin. In stage IV disseminated neuroblastoma, however, the introduction of ifosfamide-containing regimens has not altered the poor prognosis. Results reflecting the value of ifosfamide in osteosarcoma, Wilms' tumor and Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are pending. It is not yet known whether high doses of akylating agents will increase the risk of late sequelae in cured patients.
 ...
PMID:Ifosfamide in pediatric malignancies. 264 85

The authors describe a case of post radiation osteogenic osteosarcoma secondary to Hodgkin's disease. 14 similar cases were found in literature. They discuss the predisposition to the carcinogenesis due to the association of the chemotherapy and the radiotherapy for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.
 ...
PMID:[Post-radiation osteosarcoma following Hodgkin's disease. Apropos of a case and review of the literature]. 266 Jan 99

From September 1984 to July 1987, 33 children received intraoperative radiotherapy as part of a multidisciplinary tumor treatment. Their age ranged from 2 to 17 years. Tumors types: Ewing's sarcoma (n = 11), osteosarcoma (n = 8), soft tissue sarcomas (n = 5), Wilms' tumor (n = 3), neuroblastoma (n = 3), malignant pheochromocytoma (n = 1), Hodgkin's disease (n = 1), and optic nerve glioma (n = 1). In 25 patients the disease was localized while 8 had distant metastases. Intraoperative radiotherapy was used in 26 previously untreated patients as part of a radical treatment program and in 7 cases as an effort to rescue local failures (5 in previously irradiated areas). The intraoperative radiation field included the surgically exposed tumor or tumor bed, and the single doses ranged from 10 to 20 Gy, with 6-20 MeV electrons. Patients with osteosarcoma and recurrent tumor in a previously irradiated area did not receive postoperative external beam radiotherapy. With a median follow-up time of 10 months (1 to 31 + months) 24 out of 33 patients are alive without local recurrence and 9 have died from tumor (5 with local disease progression). Intraoperative radiotherapy seems to be a feasible treatment which might promote local control in pediatric tumors.
 ...
PMID:Intraoperative radiotherapy in the multidisciplinary treatment of pediatric tumors. A preliminary report on initial results. 273 16


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>