Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighty one patients (59 females, 22 males) with advanced solid tumors were treated with Adriamycin in doses of 40 mg/m2 body surgace daily, in two days cycles, with resting periods of 3 weeks. Overall response rate was 46% (37/81). In breast cancer response rate was 56% (13/23) and in ovarian cancer 48% (13/27). In various other tumors remission was observed in soft tissue sarcomas (3/8), thyroid cancer (1/7), osteogenic sarcoma (1/4), oesophageal cancer (2/4), lung cancer (2/4), bladder cancer (1/2) and hepatoma (1/2). In breast cancer patients, 2-7 month remission duration was observed (M equal to 4.5 month) and in ovarian cancer 1.5-5 month (M equal to 3.2 month). Adriamycin was also applied intrapleurally in 31 patients with malignant pleural effusions with a low response rate (26%). This modified schedule of Adriamycin administration showed a high antitumor activity in breast and ovarian cancer and in soft tissue sarcomas. Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus was also sensitive to Adriamycin therapy. The very low rate of myelosuppression and oral ulceration showed the decreased toxicity of this Adriamycin administration schedule.
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PMID:Modified administration schedule of adriamycin in solid tumors. 14 May 42

Studies were made to determine if examination with multiple radiopharmaceuticals would improve the sensitivity and specificity of colloid liver spleen scans. Increased uptake of Ga-67 citrate and In-111 bleomycin was found in most Tc-99m sulfur colloid scan defects caused by hepatocellular hepatoma or lymphoma. Increased uptake of these agents was found in some defects caused by malignant melanoma, breast carcinoma and carcinoma of the lung, and was rarely seen in defects caused by cholangiocarcinoma or gastrointestinal neoplasms. Gallium was useful in the followup of patients with hepatoma. Procedures designed to evaluate the gall bladder fossa, renal impression, or blood pool activity of an apparent tumor were found to be helpful and simple to perform. Iodine-131 as NaI was useful in studying functioning liver metastases from thyroid carcinoma as were bone scanning agents in evaluating hepatic metastases from osteogenic sarcoma. Multiple radiopharmaceutical evaluation of the physiologic and biochemical characteristics of liver lesions supplements current radiologic examinations and increases diagnostic specificity.
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PMID:A study of filling defects in the liver and spleen with multiple radionuclides. 21 17

Thirty-two children with solid tumors (lymphangioma, fibrosarcoma, hepatocarcinoma, osteogenic sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, lymphosarcoma, mesenchymoma, hepatoma, Ewing's sarcoma, reticulum cell sarcoma, neuroblastoma, Hodgkin's disease, and brain tumors) were studied for alterations in coagulation by means of platelet counts, platelet aggregation, thrombelastogram, procoagulant and antigenic factor VIII, fibrin split products, and antithrombin III level. Results indicated hypercoagulability as shown by abnormally short thrombelastograms and elevated factor VIII levels and platelet counts in approximately one-half of the group. With the exception of increased fibrin split products in a third of the patients, little laboratory or clinical evidence for disseminated intravascular coagulation was seen. Hypercoagulability, as noted in adult carcinoma patients, can also occur in childhood sarcoma patients.
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PMID:Hypercoagulability in childhood cancer. 120 73

Aflatoxin B1 has been suggested as a causative agent for a G to T mutation at codon 249 in the p53 gene in human hepatocellular carcinomas from southern Africa and Qidong in China. To test this hypothesis, nine tumors induced by aflatoxin B1 in nonhuman primates were analyzed for mutations in the p53 gene. These included four hepatocellular carcinomas, two cholangiocarcinomas, a spindle cell carcinoma of the bile duct, a hemangioendothelial sarcoma of the liver, and an osteogenic sarcoma of the tibia. None of the tumors showed changes at the third position of codon 249 by cleavage analysis of the HaeIII enzyme site at codon 249. A point mutation was identified in one hepatocellular carcinoma at the second position of codon 175 (G to T transversion) by sequencing analysis of the four conserved domains (II to V) in the p53 gene. These data suggest that mutations in the p53 gene are not necessary in aflatoxin B1 induced hepatocarcinogenesis in nonhuman primates. The occurrence of mutation in codon 249 of the p53 gene in selective samples of human hepatocellular cancers may indicate involvement of environmental carcinogens other than aflatoxin B1 or that hepatitis B virus-related hepatitis is a prerequisite for aflatoxin B1 induction of G to T transversion in codon 249.
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PMID:Low frequency of p53 gene mutation in tumors induced by aflatoxin B1 in nonhuman primates. 131 Jun 37

Two cases of postirradiation osteosarcoma are presented--one in a 76-year-old woman with breast carcinoma and subsequent osteosarcoma after radiation therapy for a metastatic lesion in the right tibia, and the other in a 16-year-old girl with hepatocellular carcinoma metastatic to the left tibia and osteosarcoma after radiation therapy to that bone. Microscopically, both cases were high-grade spindle cell lesions with osteoid production. Both patients fared poorly. This is a rare complication of radiation therapy.
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PMID:Case report 714. Postirradiation osteosarcoma after radiation of metastatic skeletal lesion. 131 27

The metabolism of dihydrotachysterol (DHT), a hydrogenated analogue of vitamin D, has been studied in vivo using man and rat and in vitro using the perfused rat kidney, and hepatoma (3B) and osteosarcoma (UMR-106) cell lines. In vivo a large number of metabolites appeared in the plasma of rats given DHT2 and DHT3. Of particular interest was a compound more polar than 25-hydroxy-DHT, which has been designated compound H. Further study of this compound showed that it was composed of two components, one (Ha) being in much lower concentration than the other (Hb). The production of T2/H (peak H from DHT2) was demonstrated in human plasma after administration of oral DHT2. Comparison of the metabolites formed in vivo with those isolated from the rat kidney perfused with 25-hydroxy-DHT3 in vitro showed that 25-hydroxy-DHT3 was metabolized along two metabolic pathways previously described for vitamin D, culminating in the production of 25-hydroxy-DHT3-23,26-lactone and 23,25-dihydroxy-24-oxo-DHT3. The osteosarcoma cell line metabolized 25-OH-DHT3 in vitro along the same two metabolic pathways already demonstrated in the perfused rat kidney. More polar metabolites than compound H seen in rat plasma in vivo were shown to be metabolites of compound H and similar metabolites were also produced in the osteosarcoma cell line from chemically synthesized 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy-DHT3. The hepatoma cell line 25-hydroxylated DHT and no feed-back inhibition was observed. Use of the hepatoma cell to 25-hydroxylate a number of chemically synthesized 1-hydroxy-DHTs indicated that compound Ha was indistinguishable from 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy-DHT whereas compound Hb is possibly 1 beta,25-dihydroxy-DHT. Studies with the VDR in both chick gut and calf thymus indicated that 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy-DHT is very effective in displacing radiolabelled 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 and is thus most likely to be the calcaemic metabolite of DHT.
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PMID:The metabolism of dihydrotachysterols: renal side chain and non-renal nuclear hydroxylations in vivo and in vitro. 156 63

Reviewing the treatment perspectives with chemo- and immunotherapy in carcinomas and sarcomas to be treated by general or orthopedic surgeons, the following indications are regarded as recommendable: Adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy with radiation in anal carcinoma and neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy of high-grade malignant osteosarcoma. Isolation perfusion currently is the treatment of choice in melanoma metastasis limited to an extremity. With several indications, recent developments have produced promising results that should be urgently confirmed in appropriate studies. Therefore the following studies have a high priority: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in esophageal carcinoma and in locally advanced breast and stomach cancer, adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in colon carcinoma UICC III and chemoradiation in rectal carcinoma UICC II and III, systemic chemotherapy of metastasized stomach-, colorectal-, breast cancer and sarcomas. Isolated non-resectable liver metastases of colorectal origin and hepatocellular carcinoma should be included in studies evaluating the treatment advantage of regional chemotherapy. Those malignant "surgical" tumors not listed above should receive chemotherapy within experimental studies, after consideration of individual risk factors, or no chemotherapy. Immunotherapy with its various modalities is still in the experimental stage.
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PMID:[What is confirmed in chemo- and immunotherapy of solid tumors. Standard protocols, studies and new developments]. 160 55

Angiotensin-induced hypertension chemotherapy (IHC) was investigated in six children with the following advanced malignancies: hepatocellular carcinoma, extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma, sacrococcygeal malignant teratoma, small round cell tumor of the chest wall, hepatoblastoma and osteogenic sarcoma. Partial response was achieved in three of these patients, two showed no change, and in one IHC was used as adjuvant chemotherapy. The side effects of IHC were minimal and tolerable. Angiotensin-IHC may provide a new approach to pediatric cancer chemotherapy.
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PMID:Angiotensin-induced hypertension chemotherapy in children with advanced solid tumors. 166 35

Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) in rat serum, lymph, amniotic fluid and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and in rat cell-conditioned media were characterized using a combination of gel-permeation chromatography, Western immunoblots and Western-ligand analysis. Adult serum and abdominal lymph contained a 200 kDa IGFBP (the putative type-II IGF receptor) and a 150 kDa IGFBP that contained subunits of 40-50 kDa aligning with porcine IGFBP-3 on Western-ligand blots. In addition, both fluids contained the smaller IGFBPs: a 30 kDa IGFBP which was immunoreactive with IGFBP-2 antiserum, a 28 kDa IGFBP which electrophoresed with human IGFBP-1, and a 24 kDa IGFBP. In contrast, fetal serum and amniotic fluid lacked the 150 kDa and the 28 kDa IGFBPs. CSF contained only a 30 kDa IGFBP, but this was not IGFBP-2. Several IGFBPs were detected in media conditioned by liver, bone and muscle cells. Liver-derived cells and some hepatoma cell lines produced similar patterns upon ligand blot analysis, i.e. IGFBPs of 30 kDa (which reacted with IGFBP-2 antiserum), 28 kDa and 24 kDa. A hepatoma cell line, HTC, and a smooth muscle cell line contained only an IGFBP of 26 kDa. Skeletal muscle-derived cells (L6 myoblasts) produced a 28 kDa, a 26 kDa and a 24 kDa IGFBP. Both calvarial osteoblasts and osteogenic sarcoma cells produced an IGFBP of 30 kDa that cross-reacted with IGFBP-2 antisera. In addition, osteogenic sarcoma cells produced a 28 kDa and a 24 kDa IGFBP. These results allow us partially to classify and to compare the IGFBPs in rat fluids and those produced by cultured cells.
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PMID:Characterization of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins in rat serum, lymph, cerebrospinal and amniotic fluids, and in media conditioned by liver, bone and muscle cells. 170 42

A total of 2259 children with solid malignant tumors were treated at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital between the years 1962 and 1987. Of these, 112 (5%) developed spinal epidural metastasis with spinal cord compression during the course of their disease process. Metastatic epidural spinal cord compression was caused most commonly by Ewing's sarcoma and neuroblastoma, followed by osteogenic sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease, soft-tissue sarcoma, germ-cell tumor, Wilm's tumor, and (rarely) hepatoma. There was no significant difference in outcome between patients with small-cell tumors (neuroblastoma, Hodgkin's disease, and germ-cell tumors) who received only chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy and the patients with similar lesions who received a decompressive laminectomy alone or prior to chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Patients with spinal cord compression from metastatic sarcoma (Ewing's sarcoma, soft-tissue sarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma) showed a significant improvement with decompressive laminectomy alone or before medical therapy, compared to those who received radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy without posterior decompression. Pediatric tumors invade the spinal canal via the neural foramen, compressing the spinal cord in a circumferential manner, allowing decompressive laminectomy (posterior approach) to be an effective surgical approach. Sixty-six percent of children who had no evidence of motor or sensory function below the level of the compression became ambulatory after surgical decompression and medical treatment, regardless of tumor type.
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PMID:Pediatric spinal epidural metastases. 184 14


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