Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We reviewed patients with primary soft tissue and bone sarcomas treated in our department. Malignant tumors arising in somatic, connective, soft tissues, especially those of the head and neck, are uncommon and few reports have been published. Between 1980 and 1995 15 patients with head and neck sarcoma were seen. The major sites involved included: paranasal sinuses and orbits (2 patients), neck (4) and 1 each in the forehead, temporal region, mandible, parapharyngeal space, tongue, hypopharynx, larynx, cervico-mediastinal region and nasal cavity. Follow-up ranged from 1-16 years. The youngest patient was a 12-year-old male. Rhabdomyosarcoma, one of the most common mesenchymal tumors found in the head and neck, especially in children, was excluded from our study because of its different clinical behavior and its chemosensitivity, unlike other sarcomas. Most of our patients were treated with wide-field resection; 12 received postoperative radiation, and 3 combined surgery and chemotherapy. Wide excision with negative margins is considered an important, positive, prognostic factor, as the extent and adequacy of excision largely determines survival and the incidence of local recurrence. All our patients underwent initial, wide, local excision of the lesion. Our observations strongly suggest that wide resection is the most effective means of therapy for sarcoma of the head and neck. Radical neck dissection was not only performed for manifest regional neck metastases, but was also used for completing the enlarged, wide-excisions of liposarcomas. The worst survival was in patients with osteosarcoma, angiosarcoma and fibrosarcoma, with an absolute 5-year survival of 60% (9/15).
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PMID:[Head and neck sarcoma]. 879 75

The majority of skeletal lesions affecting the patella are benign and include entities such as chondroblastoma, giant cell tumor, osteomyelitis, and gout. Malignant processes involving the patella are distinctly unusual. Isolated occurrences of plasmacytoma, osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, and metastatic disease have been reported. Malignant lymphoma involving the patella is extremely uncommon, although lymphomatous infiltration of the skeletal system is not a rare event, especially with the histiocytic lymphoma. The most frequent radiologic manifestations of skeletal lymphoma include osteolytic lesions with ill-defined margins involving the metaphysis of the long bones of the lower extremities. Involvement of the short tubular and flat bones, as well as the axial skeleton, occurs less commonly. The prognosis for lymphoma involving the skeleton is poor.
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PMID:Malignant lymphoma involving the patella. 895 29

Radiation therapy is used in the management of both primary and metastatic bone tumors. The most common primary bone tumor in dogs and cats is osteosarcoma of the appendicular skeleton. A number of other primary bone tumors occur at a much lower rate in both species and include chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. This article reviews the results of published reports on the utility of radiation therapy in the treatment of primary and metastatic bone tumors of companion animals.
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PMID:Radiation therapy in the management of bone tumors. 900 72

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the CT characteristics of metastatic pulmonary tumor. The study included 163 cases. Analysis of the distribution of 1265 metastatic nodules observed the conventional and helical CT with 10 mm slice thickness showed that they were distributed mainly below the carina and external peripheral lung field. The relationship between the characteristics of the margins of the metastatic nodules and primary tumors was evaluated in 280 nodules with high-resolution CT(HRCT). The margins were smooth in 88% of thyroid cancers, 85% of hepatocellular carcinomas and 75% of renal cell carcinomas, and irregular in 75% of pharyngolaryngeal cancers, 62% of colon cancers and 58% of breast cancers. HRCT findings were correlated with histology in 23 surgically resected metastatic nodules. The well-defined smooth margin on HRCT histologically corresponded to the expanding type, while the irregular margin corresponded predominantly to the alveolar space-filling type. Among other CT findings calcification was seen in colon cancer and osteosarcoma, and cavitation in pharyngolaryngeal cancer, colon cancer angiosarcoma, pancreatic cancer and endometrial uterine cancer. The author concludes that CT is useful for observing the morphologic features of metastatic pulmonary nodules which seem to reflect the underlying pathologic characteristics and thus contributes to the diagnosis.
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PMID:[CT of metastatic pulmonary tumor: morphology, HRCT and histological correlation]. 901 64

Authors operated on 6339 malignant breast tumors at the Department of Surgery, National Institute on Oncology between 1980 and 1994. The records of 14 patients with sarcomas of the breast were analyzed. These included 2 malignant phyllodes tumors, 3 malignant fibrous histiocytomas, 2-2 fibrosarcomas and carcinosarcomas and liposarcoma, angiosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans one of each. During this period 5 patients died, 9 are living without evidence of tumor. Analysing these 14 cases authors present their policy in surgical therapy of breast sarcomas compared with literature data. They emphasise the importance of wide resection margins for prevention of tumor progression. The above mentioned principle is valid for local recurrences so radicalization of the previous conservative breast surgery may be necessary in selected cases. Intraoperative histological examination is recommended to verify that the resection margins are tumor free. Axillary block dissection is not necessary except in cases when palpable, firm lymph nodes are present in the region. Depending on the histological grade adjuvant radiotherapy could be considered but its effectiveness is not proven.
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PMID:[Experience in the treatment of breast sarcomas]. 907 52

A rare variant of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma with malignant mesenchymomatous component in a 57-year-old male is reported. The patient presented with a posterior mediastinal mass arising from the left eighth and ninth ribs showing well differentiated, low-grade chondrosarcoma. Five years later, local recurrence occurred and an excised specimen also showed the same histological features as the primary tumor. Another 6 years later, the tumor recurred and metastasized to the multiple organs, the patient dying 4 months later. Autopsy revealed that the recurrent and metastatic tumors showed malignant mesenchymomatous 'dedifferentiation' of chondrosarcoma composed of rhabdomyosarcoma, angiosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma, in addition to fibrosarcomatous areas. Although the less differentiated component of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma usually shows the histological features of malignant fibrous histiocytoma and fibrosarcoma, multilineage differentiation can occur in that component. The phenomenon of 'dedifferentiation' in chondrosarcoma and the relationship to and distinction from malignant mesenchymoma of soft tissue and bone are discussed.
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PMID:Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma of the rib with a malignant mesenchymomatous component: an autopsy case report. 921 28

Heart neoplasms are of increasing interest among clinicians and surgeons. A review of primary malignant cardiac tumors, secondary cardiac tumors and carcinoid heart tumors is presented, with special reference to their pathological and surgical aspects. Primary malignant heart tumors represent about 25% of all cardiac tumors, the great majority are sarcomas and the whole family of this group is described including angiosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, neurogenic sarcoma, synovial sarcoma and osteosarcoma; mesothelioma, lymphoma, malignant teratoma and thymoma are also included. Metastatic heart tumors are 20-40 times more common than primary malignancies, their behavior and more relevant aspects in diagnostic and surgical therapy are mentioned. Carcinoid heart tumors represent a distinctive entity and are discussed individually.
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PMID:[Cardiac tumors (II). Malignant primary tumors. Metastatic tumors. Carcinoid tumor]. 954 34

We report a unique case of primary myxoid liposarcoma of the floor of the mouth, in which well-differentiated rhabdomyoblasts were present. The tumor was incompletely excised. The patient is free of recurrence or metastasis following a course of radiotherapy. Heterologous components found in a liposarcoma include leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and angiosarcoma. These elements have been described mainly in dedifferentiated liposarcomas situated in the retroperitoneum. To our knowledge, there has been only one report of a liposarcoma with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation occurring in the absence of a dedifferentiated component. The clinical implications of the presence of heterologous components without dedifferentiation are unclear.
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PMID:Primary myxoid liposarcoma with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. 970 38

Malignant lymphomas, hematological malignancies, sarcomas, occult head and neck primaries, Merkel cell carcinomas and malignant melanomas are among the tumors that are rarely seen in the head and neck region. Almost 20% of patients with acute leukemia initially present with symptoms of the oral cavity (ulcerations, gingival hypertrophy, etc.). If a malignant lymphoma is suspected, the lymph node should be removed in toto to ascertain diagnosis. Furthermore, in order to make sure that the immunohistological work-up or electron microscopic analysis is adequate, the pathologist should be informed prior to extirpation of the suspicious lymph node. The same diagnostic procedure is indicated for metastases from undifferentiated or small cell cancer of an unknown primary. Metastatic squamous cell or undifferentiated carcinoma to a solitary cervical lymph node from an unknown primary can be cured by multimodal therapy (extirpation, radical neck dissection and adjuvant radiation) in 30% of the cases. Following polychemotherapy, long-term survival may also be achieved in disseminated stages of undifferentiated carcinoma or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in an occult primary. When osteosarcoma of the jaw is suspected, core biopsy has to be planned carefully: in order to prevent tumor seeding, the needle track has to be excised during definitive surgery. Most authors propose (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy (or chemoradiation) for head and neck osteosarcoma, especially when additional risk factors, i.e. a large primary or poorly differentiated sarcoma, are present. Patients with positive margins should receive adjuvant radiotherapy in soft tissue sarcoma. Local control of angiosarcoma is possible exclusively by radiation. Adjuvant radiation is also indicated in Merkel cell carcinoma. Because this tumor spreads in a "cascade" fashion, elective node dissection may also provide a chance for cure. Excision with wide margins is the principal therapeutic step in malignant melanoma. Due to the anatomic localization, adequate resection may not be possible in mucosal melanoma of the head and neck. When regional lymph nodes are involved, radical lymph node dissection and adjuvant radiation have to be added to the therapeutic concept. There is an emerging role for adjuvant interferon alpha in intermediate and high-risk melanoma.
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PMID:[Management of hematologic systemic diseases and rare tumor entities with manifestations in the oromaxillofacial area]. 973 65

This study represents part of an effort to determine the safety and efficacy of inhaled antineoplastic drugs, using pet dogs with spontaneously arising primary and metastatic lung cancers (including sarcoma, carcinoma, and malignant melanoma) as a model. Dogs received new formulations of either paclitaxel (PTX) or doxorubicin (DOX) by the inhalation route every 2 weeks using a specially designed aerosol device. Response was assessed radiographically using the indices of tumor nodule number and volume measurement of discrete pulmonary nodules. Dogs experiencing progressive disease after two consecutive treatments were crossed over to receive the alternate compound. In 24 dogs, 6 (25%) responses were noted including 5 partial responses (PR) and 1 complete response. These include 4 (22.2%) of 18 responses to DOX and 2 (13.3%) of 15 responses to PTX. Responses were noted with osteosarcoma (including three dogs with metastatic osteosarcoma that had failed prior systemic chemotherapy), liposarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, and undifferentiated sarcoma. One dog with mammary carcinoma experienced a 47% reduction in volume after PTX inhalation, just shy of PR criteria. One dog with liposarcoma is experiencing a long-term (>12 months) stabilization of disease on PTX. To date, no systemic toxicities have been observed with either PTX or DOX inhalations. Local (pulmonary) toxicity was not observed with PTX; however, changes consistent with pneumonitis/fibrosis were observed in some dogs receiving DOX. Only one of these dogs showed clinical signs, which were responsive to steroid and antitussive therapy. These data represent "proof of principle" for the avoidance of systemic toxicity while delivering efficacious local drug levels by the inhalation route.
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PMID:Inhalation chemotherapy for macroscopic primary or metastatic lung tumors: proof of principle using dogs with spontaneously occurring tumors as a model. 1049 45


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