Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A review of bone tumors in animals, based on cases reported in the literature and on personal examination of cases from several universities in the U.S.A. and Europe, has shown that: 1. The following bone tumors occur in decreasing order of frequency in animals: osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteochondroma, hemangiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and liposarcoma; 2. The dog has by far the highest frequency of bone tumors; and osteosarcomas account for approximately 80 percent of bone tumors in dog, followed by chondrosarcomas and hemangiosarcomas; 3. Bone tumors occur less frequently in the cat than in the dog, and are of essentially the same types and incidence as in the dog; 4. Sheep has a unique propensity for chondrosarcoma and primary bone tumors are rare in other species; 5. Giant cell tumors, reticulum cell sarcomas, and Ewing's sarcomas are exceptional findings in animals.
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PMID:Comparative pathology of bone tumors in animals, with particular emphasis on the dog. 79 21

Radiotherapy of bone tumors can now be performed exclusively by megavolt therapy. Giant cell tumors hsould be resected. If the lesion is not completely resectable, surgery should be followed by the administration of a target dose of 3000 rads in 4-6 weeks. Inoperable giant cell tumors are irradiated to a tumor dose of 5000 rads, inoperable giant cell tumors of grade III receive a dose of 8000 rads as do osteosarcomas. Ewing's sarcoma and reticulum cell sarcoma can be totally destroyed by a tumor dose of 6000 rad with sufficient reliability. Combination with chemotherapy may offer a chance of improvement. Osteosarcoma should be resected. If surgery is too late (early distant metastases), a tumor dose of 8000 to 10000 rads would be able to destroy the tumor cells. Histologic control investigations have proved this.
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PMID:X-ray therapy of primary bone tumors. 82 97

A total of 19 cases with bone tumors, including six osteosarcomas. three giant cell tumors of bone, one malignant fibrous histiocytoma, four nonossifying fibromas, four chondromas and one chondrosarcoma, were examined as to enzyme histochemistry; the enzymes consisted of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase), acid phosphatase (ACPase), nonspecific esterase (NSE), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nucl) and beta-glucuronidase (beta-Gl). Osteosarcoma was strongly positive for ALPase followed by 5'-Nucl. Giant cell tumor, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and nonossifying fibroma showed enzyme histochemistry similar to each other: multinucleated giant cells and round cells in these tumors were strongly positive for ACPase, NSE, ATPase and 5'-Nucl simulating osteoclasts and histiocytes, whereas spindle cells were positive for ATPase and 5'-Nucl in their cytoplasm and weakly positive for ACPase. Chondroma and chondrosarcoma were focally positive for ACPase and NSE; the ACPase was sensitive to tartaric acid treatment. These observations showed that ALPase activity is very characteristic to osteosarcoma, and is useful for its diagnosis. From enzyme histochemistry, giant cell tumor, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and nonossifying fibroma can be regarded as a histiocyte-derived tumor of bone in contrast to osteosarcoma and cartilaginous tumors.
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PMID:Enzyme histochemical study on bone tumors. 629 58

Patients with malignant bone tumours often come at a very late stage of disease to Medical Colleges. Because of their high mortality rate, accurate & quick diagnosis of these lesions become essential, inspite of clinical, radiological and histopathological assessments. A simple, inexpensive, safe & least traumatic technique-fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosis of 55 malignant bone tumours was carried out. Specific tumour types metastatic tumour (12), Giant cell tumour (12), Ewing's sarcoma (10), Osteosarcoma (7), Multiple myeloma (7), Chordoma (3), Chondrosarcoma (3) and Fibrosarcoma (1) could be ascertained in 87.2% whereas malignant tumour was suggested in 94.5% (52 cases).
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PMID:Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in malignant bone tumours. 781 54

From 1980 to 1992, 39 Borggreve-rotation-plasties were performed in patients with malignant bone tumors at the Orthopaedic Clinic of the University of Hamburg. The rotation-plasty was first published in 1930 by Borggreve. Salzer (Wien) described the method in 1981 for the operative treatment of osteosarcomas about the knee. The rotation-plasty is feasible for tumors of the distal femur, even when other limb-saving procedures are impossible, e.g. due to skip metastases, insufficient soft tissue coverage or involvement of the knee joint. The procedure was done on 26 female and 13 male patients, the age ranging between 7 and 45 years with a mean age of 17 years. The histological diagnosis was osteosarcoma in 36 cases, MFH, Ewing's sarcoma and Giant cell tumor in one case, respectively. The operative technique was slightly modified, compared to the method described originally by Salzer. The range of error of the different preoperative imaging procedures was evaluated and compared with the tumor extent in the resected specimen. MRI was found to be most precise. We saw no local recurrencies. Three patients had early thromboses, two of those had to be amputated, slow preoperative compression of the popliteal vein being the main cause in both. One patient developed a lymphatic fistula ten years postoperatively, which was eliminated in a second operation. All patients are followed routinely in the oncologic outpatient service. The functional results were rates "excellent" or "good" for all patients in six of seven categories, according to the Enneking evaluation system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The Borggreve rotation-plasty. A surgical method in therapy of malignant bone tumors and functional results]. 825 94

Giant cell tumor of the bone is usually located within the epiphysis of a long bone, the majority of the lesions occurring in the third and fourth decades of life. We report an unusual case of giant cell tumor (GCT) arising in the parietal skull bone of a 9-year-old girl. The tumor exhibited histologic findings typical for GCT, with conspicuous intravascular giant cells. Based on microscopic features, not only conditions like aneurysmal bone cyst or bone changes associated with hyperparathyroidism but also tumors such as chondroblastoma or osteosarcoma had to be considered. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong reactivity of the tumor giant cells and normal bone osteoclasts with CD68 but not Mac-387; tumor stromal cells were uniformly negative for both. The stromal cells exhibited two immunohistochemically distinct phenotypes. One, involving 50-80% of the tumor cells, exhibited negative lysozyme staining with positivity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in about 30% of the nuclei. The other showed reactivity with lysozyme but negative PCNA staining. Immunohistochemistry thus helped to distinguish chondroblastoma and osteosarcoma, in which lysozyme positivity would reside in macrophages but not within stromal cells. Instead, chondroblastoma would exhibit protein S-100 positivity in the tumor cells. The biological behavior of GCT is difficult to predict based on morphology alone, although the malignant potential seems to rest in the stromal cells rather than the giant cells. Specifically, in reported cases, the intravascular occurrence of giant cells in GCT is not associated with an increased incidence of metastasis.
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PMID:Giant cell tumor in the skull of a 9-year-old child: immunohistochemistry to confirm a diagnosis rare for age and site. 859 62

Below knee amputation remains the treatment of choice for most patients with aggressive tumours of the distal tibia. We report the clinical and functional outcome of limb preserving surgery and endoprosthetic reconstruction of the distal tibia and ankle joint in five patients who declined amputation. The mean age was 32 years. Two had osteosarcoma, one Ewing's sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma and Giant cell tumour. Three patients developed significant complications including local recurrence, wound dehiscence and infection, and fibula impingement. Despite these complications the patients declined amputation even in the presence of significant discomfort. Early function was excellent in all patients but deteriorated with time. The patients still maintained an Enneking Score of more than 50%. Some patients are unwilling to undergo amputation for aggressive tumours of the distal tibia. For these, excision and reconstruction with endoprosthesis allow early functional recovery but there is significant medium term morbidity and functional deterioration.
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PMID:Endoprosthetic replacement of the distal tibia and ankle joint for aggressive bone tumours. 1065 97

Giant cell tumor of the bone (GCT) is a relatively uncommon tumor. It is characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells. GCT is a primary benign tumor but may evolve into a malignant tumor, usually after irradiation. We report a rare case of osteosarcoma arising ten years after the primary surgery for GCT without radiation. A 45-year-old woman presented with severe right knee pain after suffering contusion. Roentgenogram revealed a bone tumor in the lateral femoral condyle of the right knee. Histopathological examination demonstrated the features of GCT, and treatment consisted of curettage and bone grafting. Four months after the operation, multiple lung metastases of GCT occurred, which were treated by partial lobectomy. Ten years after the primary treatment, severe knee pain recurred. Roentgenogram and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a destructive lesion in the lateral condyle of the right knee. Histopathological examination demonstrated a lacy pattern of osteoids and abnormal mitoses in the aggregated atypical mononuclear cells, indicating osteosarcoma. Despite above-knee amputation and chemotherapy, scapular and lung metastases developed and the patient died five months after above knee amputation. One may question whether the primary GCT contained some malignant cells. However, given the aggressiveness of the malignant tumor, this is unlikely. The recurrence of pain and aggravation of bone destruction many years after the primary treatment suggest malignant transformation of GCT.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma arising from giant cell tumor of bone ten years after primary surgery: a case report and review of the literature. 1643 39

Giant cell tumor of the salivary gland is extremely rare, with only 15 cases published in the English literature. The tumor characteristically contains a mixture of multinucleated giant cells, resembling osteoclasts of bone, and neoplastic mononuclear cells. In about half of the reported cases, there is an associated carcinomatous component. We are reporting an additional case of giant cell tumor of the parotid gland that was initially misinterpreted as an extraosseous osteosarcoma in the biopsy specimen. The histologic and immunohistochemical findings as well as a review of the literature with discussion of the histogenesis of this unusual neoplasm are presented.
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PMID:Osteoclastlike giant cell tumor of the salivary gland. 1930 60

High-grade osteosarcoma (OS) is characterized by low incidence, high aggressiveness and moderate 5-years survival rate after aggressive poly-chemotherapy and surgery. Here we used miRNA profiling as a tool to possibly predict and monitor OS's development and therapeutic outcome. First, we evaluated the altered expression of selected miRNAs from a case of Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) apparently evolved into an OS. We found that most of modulated miRs were associated with pathways of bone resorption and osteogenesis. miRNA expression also revealed that GCT and OS were distinct tumors. Second, we validated the observed miRNA profile in two independent casuistries of ten GCT (not evolved into malignant tumors) and sixteen OS patients. Interestingly, we found that miR-181c and other three miRNAs identified in the first step of the study were also consistently de-regulated in all OS patients. Ectopic expression of miR-181c reduced cell viability and enhanced chemotherapeutic-induced cell death of U2OS and SAOS2 cells. These findings indicate that: i) miRNAs aberrantly modulated in GCT could be predictive of its development into OS and ii) miRNAs expression could be useful to monitor the OS therapeutic outcome.
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PMID:miR-181c associates with tumor relapse of high grade osteosarcoma. 2606 42


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