Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chondrosarcoma of the skull base is a rare neoplasm. The most common presenting symptoms are hoarseness, dysphagia, and diplopia, which is associated with palsies of cranial nerves X, IX, and VI. The temporal bone is the most common site of tumor origin, followed by the sphenoid bone. These tumors must be differentiated from chordoma, chondroid chordoma, osteogenic sarcoma, enchondroma, and meningioma. Diagnosis is made by patient history, radiologic imaging, and biopsy. The treatment is surgical excision followed by radiation therapy. Five-year survival rates for grades I, II, and III are 90, 81, and 43%, respectively.
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PMID:Extracranial skull base chondrosarcoma. 268 2

Sarcomas (fleshy tumors) were distinguished from carcinoma (crab leg tumors) at the time of Hippocrates. Sarcomas are related embryologically to leukemias and lymphomas because all are thought to be malignancies of mesodermal embryologic origin. Neurosarcomas, however, are an exception, since they arise from tissue of neuroepidermal origin. Malignant sarcomas of the soft tissue represent an unusual primary malignant tumor. These lesions are characterized by their diversity in the histologic appearance and in their biologic behavior, as well as in anatomical origin. Currently there are approximately 7,400 newly diagnosed bone and soft tissue sarcomas, and approximately 4,200 deaths per year in the United States.1 The incidence of sarcomas varies by histologic type in various age groups. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in the orbit peaks in the 4-year-old, and in the urinary tract in adolescence.2 Osteosarcoma has peak incidence in the teenage years, and Ewing's sarcoma develops between the ages of 15 and 30. Other sarcomas such as malignant fibrous histiocytoma and chondrosarcoma generally occur in patients aged more than 55 years. The incidence of osteosarcoma in whites and nonwhites is equal; Ewing's sarcoma is predominantly a disease of Caucasians.3 The relatively infrequent occurrence of these tumors plus their diverse histology and diverse presentations have made it difficult for any one institution to have enough patients to directly compare, in a randomized prospective fashion, one treatment with another in order to determine the optimal primary therapy. The purpose of this monograph is to review recent concepts in terms of pathology, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and multimodality therapy.
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PMID:Soft tissue sarcomas: current trends in diagnosis and management. 268 1

Sinonasal neoplasms and neoplasm-like proliferations composed of light microscopically poorly differentiated or undifferentiated, small- to medium-sized cells cause considerable diagnostic confusion. Lesions in this category include lymphoepithelioma (undifferentiated carcinoma), olfactory neuroblastoma, small-cell undifferentiated (oat cell) carcinoma, sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, malignant melanoma, pituitary adenoma, lymphoid hyperplasia, malignant lymphoma, plasmacytoma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, rhabdomyosarcoma, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, small cell osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and synovial sarcoma. Many of these lesions can be definitively diagnosed based on light microscopic features alone, but, in some instances, additional techniques such as immunohistochemistry are of value. The authors review the pertinent clinicopathologic features of the above lesions, with emphasis on light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of particular utility in differential diagnosis.
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PMID:"Undifferentiated" neoplasms of the sinonasal region: differential diagnosis based on clinical, light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features. 269 5

Primary tumors of the vertebral column are rare: 20 per cent of all primary tumors of the spinal column. The distribution by type of tumor shows that the three most frequent primary tumors considered to be "radio and/or chemo resistant lesions" are the chordoma (15.5 to 24.5%), the chondrosarcoma (20%) and the giant cell tumor (10%). A second group with "chemo and/or radiosensitive lesions" include the Ewing sarcoma, primary lymphoma and plasmocytoma (5%). We consider a third group with the benign tumor: osteochondroma, chondroma, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, aneurysmal bone cyst, hemangioma and eosinophilic granuloma (2 to 3%). The last tumoral group agrees with sarcomatous tumors: osteogenic sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, malignant fibro-histiocytoma, angiosarcoma and hemangio-pericytoma (1 to 3% of primary tumors of the vertebral column); they are most frequently secondary to Paget's disease, giant cell tumor or to radiation therapy and their prognosis is poor.
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PMID:[Primary tumors of the spine. Initial oncologic aspects: epidemiology, anatomo-prognostic and therapeutic classification]. 269 50

From 1970 through 1985, at the Mayo Clinic, sixty patients had operative treatment, with salvage of the limb, for a primary malignant tumor of the pelvis. Chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and fibrosarcoma were common diagnoses. There were twenty-three iliosacral, twenty-five acetabular, and twelve ischiopubic lesions. Most of the resections were done with a wide margin and disruption of femorosacral continuity. Reconstruction included ten iliosacral, fourteen iliofemoral, and three ischiofemoral arthrodeses, and approximately 50 per cent of the procedures resulted in fusion. The average length of follow-up exceeded five years. Seventeen per cent of the patients, primarily those in whom an iliosacral lesion extended into the sacrum or along the spinal column, had a local recurrence. Twenty-one patients (37 per cent) had metastasis. The best functional results were seen after resections in which femorosacral continuity was maintained or reconstructed. If satisfactory margins can be achieved by the excision of a pelvic tumor, salvage of the limb is justified from both an oncological and a functional standpoint.
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PMID:Salvage of the limb in the treatment of malignant pelvic tumors. 270 7

Differences in the biological behavior of primary bone tumors have led to the development of differentiated treatment regimes. In recent years, a considerable improvement in the results of treatment has been accomplished, in particular by the introduction of adjuvant chemotherapy. The various therapeutic concepts for the three most common malignant bone tumors, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma are described and, on the basis of the author's own results, discussed.
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PMID:[Malignant primary bone tumors. Diagnosis, therapy and results of treatment]. 270 97

True malignant mixed tumor, or carcinosarcoma, of salivary gland origin is rare. Only 19 cases have been reported in the literature and a review of cases seen at the University of Iowa over the last 60 years yielded only two. In one case the mesenchymal component of the tumor contained both osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma. In the second case, the history and the histology suggest a progression from carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma to a carcinosarcoma. These features are documented in this report and literature review.
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PMID:Salivary gland carcinosarcoma: true malignant mixed tumor. 276 43

Chondrosarcoma is second in frequency only to osteogenic sarcoma as a malignant tumor of bone, and constitutes 17 to 22% of all bone tumors. However, chondrosarcoma is the most common malignant tumor of the sternum or rib. The natural history of chest wall chondrosarcoma is one of slow growth and local recurrence. Wide excision is the main treatment, but usually plastic surgery is needed for chest wall reconstruction. A 29-year-old male patient visited to local clinic due to URI symptoms (eg: cough, rhinorrhea). Routine chest X-ray examination showed a huge tumor within L't chest cavity and chondrosarcoma was proved via tissue biopsy. P't underwent surgery for total removal of the tumor and corresponding rib (3rd rib) and the chest wall defect was repaired with bovine pericardium. So far, after follow-up and treatment for 4 months, there is no evidence of recurrence.
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PMID:[Chondrosarcoma of the rib--a case report]. 280 67

Tumours of the bone were found in 17 (12 females and 5 males) of 6768 (0.25%) C57BL/10J mice (3384 males and 3384 females) pooled from 14 oncogenic studies carried out from 1973 to 1987. Tumours of bone were found predominantly in female mice and were age related. The tumours were classified histologically as osteosarcoma (5 osteoblastic, 6 mixed type and 1 fibroblastic), chondroma (2), chondromyxoid fibroma (1), chondrosarcoma (1) and periosteal fibroma (1).
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PMID:Tumours of the bone in C57BL/10J mice. 281 Dec 71

We report 16 cases seen in the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) during the past 50 years. These patients had been treated with external radiation for Hodgkin disease and had developed sarcomas in the field 4-31 years after the diagnosis of Hodgkin disease. Most of the tumors (12 of 16) occurred in the chest wall. There were three tumors of the pelvis and an unusual osteosarcoma of the femur following treatment for a primary Hodgkin disease of the femur. The tumors were predominantly osteosarcomas (9). In addition, there were five malignant fibrous histiocytomas, one fibrosarcoma, and one chondrosarcoma. Prognosis was poor; the mean survival was 12 months. Survival of patients with other primary cancers who developed radiation sarcomas was not significantly different from that of patients with Hodgkin disease. Hodgkin disease is now the most common tumor among radiation-induced sarcomas in previously normal bone and has surpassed breast cancer, which was previously the most common original tumor.
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PMID:Postradiation sarcoma of bone in Hodgkin disease. 282 14


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