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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The classification of bone tumors relies on the cytologic features and products of tumor cells. This classification is reproducible and accepted by pathologists, oncologic surgeons and oncologists. Chondrogenic tumors are the second largest group of bone tumors. Their histologic pattern suggests a relationship to hyaline cartilage. Exostoses, or osteochondromas, represent about 1/3 of chondrogenic lesions. Chondromas are hyaline cartilage tumors which can be found centrally or subperiosteally; they may contain some calcifications and/or ossifications. Chondroblastomas are tumors whose cells produce, at least focally, a matrix similar to hyaline cartilage. Histology of chondromyxoid fibromas shows large or small areas where proliferating cells produce a matrix resembling the hyaline cartilage. Chondosarcomas are tumors whose malignant cells produce a cartilaginous matrix. Most of them occur in previously normal bones; they are classified as conventional or primary chondrosarcomas. Secondary chondrosarcomas result from the malignant transformation of a benign cartilaginous lesion less commonly enchondromas and most commonly osteocartilaginous exostoses, or osteochondromas. Less common variants include dedifferentiated, mesenchymal and clear cell chondrosarcomas. Osteogenic tumors are the third largest group of bone tumors, with osteosarcomas being the most frequent type. The most important criterion for a tumor to be considered an osteosarcoma is that the malignant tumor cells must produce a recognizable osteoid matrix, at least focally. Osteosarcomas are divided into three groups: osteoblastic, chondroblastic and fibroblastic, according to the dominant histologic feature. Osteosarcomas can be multifocal, synchronous or metachronous; they are also classified by the histologic grade of malignancy. Pathologically low grade lesions, which are clinically indolent, are generally known as low grade central and parosteal osteosarcomas.
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PMID:Classification of bone tumors. 965 5

The use of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the initial evaluation of pediatric bone and soft tissue tumors is controversial, especially for those patients being considered for histiogenetic-specific therapeutic protocols, e.g., the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group, the Pediatric Oncology Group. We retrospectively reviewed 33 consecutive FNAB specimens (28 primary tumors, 5 metastases) from 32 pediatric patients (< or = 19 yr of age), none of whom had a previously established tumor diagnosis. In one patient, FNAB of the primary tumor and a presumed axillary metastasis were obtained concomitantly. The cytomorphologic analysis included osteosarcoma, eight patients; rhabdomyosarcoma, five; neuroblastoma, five; Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor, four; Langerhans' cell histiocytosis, three; and one each synovial sarcoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, infantile myofibromatosis, fibroma, chondroblastoma, chondromyxoid fibroma, and desmoplastic small round-cell tumor. Ancillary studies, e.g., immunocytochemical analysis, were used in 13 cases. Cytogenetic analysis helped to confirm one Ewing's sarcoma [t (11;22) (q24;q12)] and one synovial sarcoma [t(X;18) (p11;q11)]. With adequate FNAB specimens, a histogenetic-specific diagnosis was rendered in 27 (93%) of 29 cases, and all were correctly recognized as either benign or malignant. One case each of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis, chondroblastoma, and infantile myofibromatosis yielded unsatisfactory specimens. Fibroma and desmoplastic small round-cell tumor were initially misclassified as nodular fasciitis and rhabdomyosarcoma, respectively. Of 18 patients clinically eligible for histogenetic-specific therapy protocols, an accurate diagnosis was obtained in 17 patients. With a multidisciplinary approach and judicious use of ancillary studies, FNAB represents a highly accurate and cost-effective technique for the diagnosis of pediatric bone and soft tissue tumors, especially sarcomas, and should be considered as a viable diagnostic technique for pediatric therapeutic protocols.
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PMID:The role of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the initial diagnosis of pediatric bone and soft tissue tumors: an institutional experience. 979 16

Osteoclast-like giant cells (GC) may dominate the histologic pattern not only in conventional giant-cell tumor (GCT)--originating as a radiologically pure lytic, possibly trabeculated lesion especially within the epiphyses of long tubular bones (LB) and pelvic bones of adults--but also in many tumor-like lesions as well as in various benign and malignant bone tumors which may simulate each other. Although the mononuclear cells as well as the amount of collagene fibres don't differ significantly, these lesions can be distinguished by substantial differences concerning their site, radiomorphology and the patients age. The unique lesion which can be recognized by histology only is chondroblastoma--centered in epiphyseal regions as GCT, mostly in the 2nd decade--by its typical mononuclear cells independently of the typical chondroid matrix and calcifications. The brown tumor of hyperparathyreoidism is associated with elevated serum Ca and parathormon, which is not altered in the histologically identical giant cell granuloma. In contrast to GCT aneurysmal bone cyst prefers the metaphyseal area of LB and the posterior parts of vertebras in the 2nd decade. Metaphyseal fibrous defects occurring during growth period leave the epiphyses unaffected and display typical x-rays. Villondoular synovitis sometimes can produce osteolytic defects. GC-rich malignant tumors which present with clear cut atypia except some cases of GC-variants of osteosarcoma, are: Giant-cell rich osteosarcoma, the rare malignant GCT, giant-cell ("osteoclastic") sarcoma, MFH and GC-rich metastases of carcinomas. All of them occur in middle aged and older patients except osteosarcoma and don't affect the epiphyses primarily except malignant GCT. To avoid confusion in GC-lesions it is conditio sine qua non to take into account for diagnosis not only histology but especially radiomorphology as well as site of the lesion and patients age.
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PMID:[Differential diagnosis of giant cell tumor of bone]. 1009 27

Purpose of this review is to demonstrate typical X-ray, CT and MR morphology of primary bone tumors and "tumor-like lesions" of the shoulder in correlation with histopathology. 711 primary bone tumors of the shoulder and proximal humerus were studied. 602 were localized in the humerus, 90 in the scapula and 19 in the clavicula. The most frequent benign tumors were osteochondromas (n = 143), simple bone cysts (n = 115), enchondromas (n = 75) and aneurysmal bone cysts (n = 50). Fibrous dysplasia (n = 25), chondroblastoma (n = 15), osteoid osteoma (n = 13), giant cell tumors (n = 12) and non ossifying fibroma (n = 11) were less frequent. The most frequent malignant bone tumors were osteosarcoma (n = 72), chondrosarcoma (n = 52) and Ewing's sarcoma (n = 46). Focal plasmocytoma (n = 20) and lymphoma (n = 10) were less frequent. The average age of the patients was 31.5 years. Some of these tumors were typically located in the shoulder, i.e. simple bone cysts and chondroblastoma. In summary the shoulder was a rather infrequent site of primary bone tumors, but since most of these tumors were benign, the radiologist should be aware of the differential diagnosis to guide therapy.
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PMID:[Primary bone tumors and "tumor-like lesions" of the shoulder. Their histopathology and imaging]. 1037 Apr 17

Caldesmon is a protein widely distributed in smooth and non-smooth muscle cells and is thought to regulate cellular contraction. Its isoform, high-molecular-weight caldesmon (h-CD), was demonstrated to be specific for smooth muscle cells and smooth muscle tumors of the soft tissue and to never be expressed in myofibroblasts. We performed an immunohistochemical study to examine h-CD expression in the following bone tumors: conventional and non-conventional osteosarcoma, 13; malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone, 5; giant cell tumors of bone, 5; chondroblastoma, 3; metastatic leiomyosarcoma, 2; and rhabdomyosarcoma, 1. Frequent immunoreactivity for muscle actin (alpha-smooth muscle actin or muscle-specific actin) was seen in 11 of 13 osteosarcomas and all other tumors, whereas h-CD was expressed intensely only in 2 leiomyosarcomas. h-CD is considered a specific and useful marker to distinguish smooth muscle tumor from bone tumors with myoid differentiation.
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PMID:h-Caldesmon as a specific marker for smooth muscle tumors. Comparison with other smooth muscle markers in bone tumors. 1080 Mar 98

The expression of alpha smooth muscle actin, muscle specific actin, desmin, h-caldesmon, and calponin was studied immunohistochemically in the following soft tissue and bone tumours and tumour-like lesions: muscle fibromatosis, inflammatory pseudotumours, chondroblastoma, enchondroma, chondrosarcoma, fibrous dysplasia, ossifying myositis, osteoblastoma, convential osteosarcoma, leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma. Tumours and tumour-like lesions with myofibroblastic cells, osteoblasts and chondroblasts frequently exhibited intensive immunoreactivity for the muscle markers, and therefore, some of them may occasionally be confused with leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma. Calponin does not help to differentiate various mesenchymal tumours expressing muscle markers, because it also stains intensively myofibroblasts, osteoblasts and chondroblasts. We confirmed that h-caldesmon was expressed intensely in leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas, and never in the other tumours examined, with the exception of three chondroblastomas. The results have shown that h-caldesmon is a rather specific and sensitive marker for smooth muscle tumours, but it can also stain some actin positive myochondroblasts. It is possible that the positivity of h-caldesmon in some chondroblastomas is due to their complete myogenic transdifferentiation, and so we use the term myochondroblasts and myochondrocytes for designation of such S-100 protein, actin, and h-caldesmon positive cells.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical differentiation of leiomyocellular tumors and tumors with myogenic differentiation]. 1287 3

Osteoblastoma-like osteosarcoma is a rare variant of osteosarcoma occurring in this instance in a highly unusual location: the lateral femoral condyle of a 13-year-old girl. The radiological features were non-aggressive and, although slightly unusual, were most suggestive of chondroblastoma.
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PMID:Epiphyseal osteoblastoma-like osteosarcoma. 1462 1

The murine gene for CORS-26 is located on mouse chromosome 15A2 and its expression has been reported to be restricted to fibroblasts, cartilage and kidney. Here, the complete genomic organization of the corresponding human CORS-26 gene with exon/intron boundaries and exon-specific primer combinations is presented. Additionally, a 1.2 kb fragment of the TATA box-containing promoter region was cloned and analyzed for putative transcription factor binding sites. The deduced amino acid sequence is presented completely. Northern blot analysis using a human multiple-tissue cDNA panel demonstrated expression of human CORS-26 mRNA in colon and small intestine. Additionally, RT-PCR analysis revealed expression of CORS-26 mRNA in placenta, fibroblasts and white adipose tissue. The chromosomal localization of the human CORS-26 gene was mapped to human chromosome 5p by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In humans, chromosomal imbalances on chromosome 5p were reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. Therefore, a human bone tumor cDNA panel was investigated and a strong CORS-26 mRNA expression was found in osteosarcoma, chondroblastoma and giant cell tumor. The present data provide the basis for further investigation of CORS-26 gene regulation in the context of mesenchymal tissue development and in the pathogenesis of bone or skeletal disease.
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PMID:Genomic organization, promoter, amino acid sequence, chromosomal localization, and expression of the human gene for CORS-26 (collagenous repeat-containing sequence of 26-kDa protein). 1465 42

The article shows differential diagnosis of giant sell tumor of bone with bone cystae, displasia fibrosis, chondroblastoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, plasmocitoma, enchondroma and bone metastases. The main methods of diagnosis is morphological investigation of biopsy material.
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PMID:[Differential diagnosis of giant cell tumors]. 1496 8

We present a rare case of an aggressive form of chondroblastoma arising from proximal radius. Because of an initial histopathologic diagnosis of paraosteal osteosarcoma, the patient was treated with preoperative chemotherapy and afterwards a local tumor resection with one half of proximal radius was performed. A final histopathologic examination revealed typical benign chondroblastoma. We discuss the rare localisation of chondroblastoma and its differential diagnosis with surface osteosarcoma.
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PMID:[An aggressive chondroblastoma mimicking paraosteal osteosarcoma]. 1807 82


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