Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighty one patients (59 females, 22 males) with advanced solid tumors were treated with Adriamycin in doses of 40 mg/m2 body surgace daily, in two days cycles, with resting periods of 3 weeks. Overall response rate was 46% (37/81). In breast cancer response rate was 56% (13/23) and in ovarian cancer 48% (13/27). In various other tumors remission was observed in soft tissue sarcomas (3/8), thyroid cancer (1/7), osteogenic sarcoma (1/4), oesophageal cancer (2/4), lung cancer (2/4), bladder cancer (1/2) and hepatoma (1/2). In breast cancer patients, 2-7 month remission duration was observed (M equal to 4.5 month) and in ovarian cancer 1.5-5 month (M equal to 3.2 month). Adriamycin was also applied intrapleurally in 31 patients with malignant pleural effusions with a low response rate (26%). This modified schedule of Adriamycin administration showed a high antitumor activity in breast and ovarian cancer and in soft tissue sarcomas. Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus was also sensitive to Adriamycin therapy. The very low rate of myelosuppression and oral ulceration showed the decreased toxicity of this Adriamycin administration schedule.
 ...
PMID:Modified administration schedule of adriamycin in solid tumors. 14 May 42

From March 1966 to June 1985, 9 patients with humerus malignant tumor were treated by en-bloc resection and immediate reconstruction. There were 5 males and 4 females. The ages ranged from 18 to 74 with an average of 38.3 years. These 9 lesions were diagnosed by pathology as malignant giant cell tumor of the bone (2), chondrosarcoma (2), reticulum cell sarcoma (1), osteoblastoma (osteosarcomatous) (1), osteogenic sarcoma (1) and metastatic cancer (1) clear cell cancer and 1 thyroid cancer), located either in the upper or lower end of the humerus. Cutting margin was 4-7 cm from the tumor. The length of resected humerus was 10-18 cm. Simple excision without reconstruction was done only in 1 patient. The bone defect after resection was reconstructed with autogenous fibular graft in 3 patients, replantation of the limb in 2, one of whom was added with prosthesis for reconstruction of the elbow function, humerus prosthesis in 2 and elbow prosthesis in 1. All the patients were followed. Only two had died and 7 are still alive without evidence of disease. The longest survival was 20.5 years and the shortest, 18 months with an average of 10.1 years. The causes of death (1 osteoblastoma and 1 osteogenic sarcoma) were recurrence and lung metastasis. The indication, extent of excision and causes of recurrence are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[En-bloc resection with immediate reconstruction of malignant tumor of the humerus--report of 9 patients]. 321 87

The risk of second primary cancers developing was evaluated in individuals with 6 rare tumors in Connecticut between 1935 and 1982. Small but significant excesses of all second cancers occurred in patients with cutaneous melanoma (42%), and cancers of the brain (59%), thyroid (49%), connective tissue (23%), bone (66%), and eye (40%). In individuals with cutaneous melanoma, the highest risks were for subsequent cutaneous melanomas [relative risk (RR) = 8.5] that persisted throughout all intervals of observation. The risk for second melanomas was higher in persons under age 40, consistent with a heritable component. Connective tissue tumors and breast cancers also occurred in excess. Among patients with brain cancer, an increase of melanoma was observed that may represent an underlying neural crest abnormality, although no excess of brain cancer was seen after melanoma. Reciprocal increases of bone cancer after connective tissue cancer and connective tissue cancer after bone cancer point to shared risk factors, such as high dose radiotherapy or genetic susceptibility states. An anticipated high risk of osteogenic sarcoma following Ewing's sarcoma was not seen. An excess of breast cancer (RR = 1.9) after thyroid cancer indicates common etiologic factors. Expected excesses of bilateral retinoblastoma and bone cancer after retinoblastoma were seen. Tumors commonly treated with alkylating agents or nitrosoureas (melanoma, brain, connective tissue) showed slightly elevated risks of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Prostate cancer was frequently found to be in excess, but this is likely an artifact due to ascertainment bias.
 ...
PMID:Second cancer following cutaneous melanoma and cancers of the brain, thyroid, connective tissue, bone, and eye in Connecticut, 1935-82. 408 97

The authors report on a postirradiation osteosarcoma of the clavicule in a patient treated for thyroid cancer. The total absorbed dose to the right clavicule was estimated 149 Gy (60 Co and 18 MeV elektron beam). The findings are demonstrated on plain radiographs, CT-scan and bone scintigraphy. The literature on this subject is reviewed and the possible pathogenesis discussed.
 ...
PMID:The rare occurrence of a radiation-induced osteosarcoma in the clavicule after treatment of thyroid cancer. 658 89

Hormone-related cancers account for almost 30% of all cancer cases in the United States. Data from animal experiments and from epidemiological and endocrinological studies in humans support the hypothesis that the individual hormones which control normal growth of target organs can also create the proper conditions for neoplastic transformation. The concept that hormones can cause, i.e., increase the incidence of, human cancer is most developed for the four hormone-related cancers which are numerically the most important, namely, breast, prostate, endometrium, and ovary. Even for these sites, large gaps remain in our knowledge of the responsible hormones and the conditions which create the optimal opportunity for carcinogenesis. Although scanty, the available epidemiological evidence also suggests a hormonal role in the pathogenesis of testis cancer, thyroid cancer, and osteosarcoma. We believe that the primary prevention of all these cancers will probably depend on modification of the factors which affect the secretion and metabolism of the responsible hormones rather than on control of exposure to classical exogenous initiators.
 ...
PMID:Endogenous hormones as a major factor in human cancer. 704 21

The cancers covered in this chapter are those of the eye, brain and nervous system, thyroid, bone and connective tissue. Generally, detailed interpretations of data on cancers of the bone and connective tissue are inadvisable owing to small numbers of patients and major changes in diagnosis and registration over time. A slight but steady increase in survival was observed among patients diagnosed in 1943-87 with cancer of the eye. Relative five year survival increased from 60 to 68% in men and from 61 to 74% in women during the 45-year period. The predominant type of eye cancer seen in children, retinoblastoma, had a very favourable prognosis, with a relative five year survival rate of more than 80% since around 1960. Since that time, overall survival for patients with cancers of the brain and nervous system also increased. Relative five year survival improved from 25 to 36% in men and from 34 to 48% in women during 1960-85. Our data do not indicate to which extent therapeutic and diagnostic advances underlie the improvement in survival. Overall survival of patients with thyroid cancer also increased during 1943-87. Relative five-year survival improved from 26 to 58% in men and from 28 to 68% in women. Some of the improvement reflects earlier diagnosis of localized tumours, particularly in young women. A substantial improvement in survival was observed among children and adolescents (< 20 years) diagnosed in 1943-87 with primary bone cancers. Over the study period, the relative five-year survival in that age category and increased from 25 to 48% in males and from 16 to 52% in females. Use of adjuvant chemotherapy in cases of Ewing's sarcoma and osteosarcoma contributed importantly to the improvement in prognosis. Overall survival of patients with soft-tissue cancer associated with no specific organ increased until approximately 1970, after which time no further improvement was observed. The decreased survival seen in women during the last decade of the study is puzzling; the increase in mean age at diagnosis would only partially explain it.
 ...
PMID:Survival of Danish cancer patients 1943-1987. Eye, brain and nervous system, thyroid, bone and connective tissue. 851 38

Hexakis (2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile) technetium-99m (99mTc-SestaMIBI) is a radiopharmaceutical used in nuclear medicine for myocardial perfusion imaging. In the literature different non-cardiac applications of 99mTc-SestaMIBI have been reported. Clinical studies have been performed also in non-oncologic disease (such as thyroid adenoma, diabetic foot, osteomyelitis, pulmonary actinomycosis, aneurysmal bone cyst. Sudeck's atrophy). Several models for the uptake mechanism of this radiopharmaceutical have been proposed such as binding to an 8-10 kDa cytosolic protein, simple lipid partitioning, or a membrane translocation mechanism involving diffusion and passive transmembrane distribution. Most evidence points in the direction of the third hypothesis. Many studies have indicated that uptake of hexakis (alkylisonitrile) technetium complexes is dependent on mitochondrial and plasma membrane potentials like other lipophilic cations. This explains the initial biodistribution of 99mTc-SestaMIBI to tissues with negative plasma membrane potentials and with relatively high mitochondrial content (like heart, liver, kidney and skeletal muscle tissue). Malignant tumours also possess these properties in order to maintain their increased metabolism. This behaviour encouraged the study of 99mTc-SestaMIBI as an interesting tracer imaging various tumour types: osteosarcoma, brain, lung, breast, nasopharyngeal, parathyroid and thyroid cancer. Recent research on cell cellular physiology has further revealed an active transport of 99mTc-SestaMIBI out of the tumour cells, against the potential gradient. The same mechanism is also responsible for resistance to a structurally and functionally different group of cytotoxic agents such as vinca alkaloids, epipodophyllotoxins, anthracyclins and actinomycin D. This peculiar type of resistance is due to amplification of the mammalian MDR1 gene, located on chromosome 7. For this reason the 99mTc-SestaMIBI uptake in vivo could permit the prediction of the response to the chemotherapy, when the decreased accumulation of 99mTc-SestaMIBI implies the presence of P-gp enriched tissues. In the next future a particular attention should be dedicated to this matter since one of the most important goals of the clinical trials is the demonstration of the usefulness of 99mTc-SestaMIBI for in vivo assessment of multidrug resistance.
 ...
PMID:Applications of 99mTc-sestamibi in oncology. 862 97

The association between genetic disorders and diverse cancers has provided clues for laboratory research into carcinogenesis. Such an opportunity now arises from studies of cancer in Werner syndrome (WRN). Soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) and benign meningioma have been associated with WRN, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by premature aging, more commonly reported in Japan than elsewhere, in part because of inbreeding. In the literature we found 124 case-reports of neoplasia and WRN from Japan and 34 from outside Japan, 1939-August, 1995. They reveal a greater diversity of neoplasia in WRN than was previously known. In Japanese, there were 127 cancers, 14 benign meningioma, and 5 myeloid disorders, as compared with 30, 7 and 2 respectively in non-Japanese. The ratio of epithelial to non-epithelial cancers was about 1:1 for Japanese and for non-Japanese instead of the usual 10:1. Both series had excess of STS, osteosarcoma, myeloid disorders, and benign meningioma. In addition, the Japanese had an excess of thyroid cancer (20 versus 2 cases in non-Japanese) and melanoma (21 versus 3 cases), including 5 intranasal and 13 of the feet. STS, osteosarcoma, melanoma, and thyroid carcinoma accounted for 57% of all cancer in WRN as compared with 2% expected based on the Osaka population at 25-64 years of age. Multiple tumors were reported in 19 Japanese and 5 non-Japanese. In Japan, nine first-degree relatives had WRN and cancer, six of whom were concordant as to site and/or cell type. The WRN gene has been mapped to chromosome 8p. The high frequency of thyroid cancer and melanoma in Japanese, not found in Caucasians, may be related to a report of linkage disequilibrium with the WRN gene in Japanese but not in Caucasians and to haplotype differences within and between the two races, suggesting multiple independent mutations.
 ...
PMID:Excess of rare cancers in Werner syndrome (adult progeria). 872 14

A multicentre analysis was carried out on bone tumours in Cameroon during a 10-year period. Registers and patient records of five pathology laboratories were consulted, and all patients with a histological report of a bone tumour were included in the study. A total of 268 bone tumours were studied and the average incidence was 27 tumours a year, or two per one million inhabitants. Of these tumours 48% were benign, 45% were primary bone cancers and only 6% were metastatic disease. Among the primary malignant bone tumours, osteosarcoma was the most frequent (39%), followed by non-Hodgkin's primary bone lymphoma, fibrosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma. Primary site of the metastatic bone tumours was prostatic adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, hepatocarcinoma and thyroid cancer. In Cameroon many bone tumours are not diagnosed due to lack of medical facilities and little awareness among our medical staff. It is likely that the real incidence is at least ten times higher than that shown in our report.
 ...
PMID:Bone tumours in Cameroon: incidence, demography and histopathology. 1294 93

The American Food and Drug Administration approval of parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration for osteoporosis as well as the possibility for its future therapeutic applications requires an examination of the suggested association between PTH and cancer, particularly osteosarcomas. The objective was to evaluate such a connection by collecting observational data from two groups of patients, designated as "studies by nature". Cohort 1: Medical records of all patients with primary hyperparathyroidism that were treated in a referral center during a 12-year period were retrospectively reviewed for malignancy before, at the time or after diagnosis. Cohort 2: Records of patients with osteosarcomas that were treated in referral centers during 15 years were retrospectively reviewed for hyperparathyroidism, as indicated by history or laboratory results. There were 582 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. While 56 (9.6%) had malignancy, 47 (8%) developed cancer after diagnosis with hyperparathyroidism during 6.1 years of documentation. This rate did not exceed the incidence of developing cancer among the general population. Although thyroid cancer was about 4 times the incidence in the general population, this may be attributed to a high level of detection while work-up, treating and following the parathyroid disease. None had osteosarcoma. None of the 126 patients with osteosarcoma had documentation of primary hyperparathyroidism or had biochemical evidence of hyperparathyroidism. No obvious association was found between primary hyperparathyroidism and cancer. Similarly, there was no demonstrable relationship between osteosarcomas and hyperthyroidism biochemical stigmata. Since PTH may contribute to tumor invasiveness, screening for existing neoplasms, especially prostate and breast, before PTH treatment may be of importance.
 ...
PMID:Primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy: "studies by nature". 1653 Apr 96


1 2 3 Next >>