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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Benign osteoblastoma is a rare tumor, more frequent in males, usually occurring in patients under the age of 30 years, and is seen most frequently in the spine, femur, tibia, and mandible. Its varied roentgenographic appearance may suggest a large osteoid osteoma or an aneurysmal bone cyst, but about one-fourth of cases present a picture consistent with a malignant neoplasm. The roentgen changes in the spine are frequently subtle and require care for identification. Differentiation from osteogenic sarcoma is sometimes difficult even with histological material, because some low grade osteogenic sarcomas contain areas resembling osteoblastoma. Conservative surgery is the treatment of choice for osteoblastoma.
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PMID:The spectrum of osteoblastoma. 17 1

Tubuloreticular structures of the geometric type were observed in dog osteosarcoma cells (D17a) before and after cocultivation with human placenta cells and before and after passage of the cocultivated cells through NIH nude mice. After passage through NIH nude mice, the reestablished cultures regularly produced conventional murine type-C particles and displayed budding virus-like particles (VLP) within the tubuloreticular structures. VLP, tentatively considered an aberrant form of type-C particles, were presumably of murine origin since they were not observed in the osteosarcoma cells before passage through NIH nude mice.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1976 Apr
PMID:Virus-like particles in geometric tubuloreticular structures. 17 13

FBJ virus was injected i.p. into 145 neonatal NIH Swiss [N:NIH(s)] mice. Eighty mice developed a total of 110 neoplasms by 5 months of age. The mean latent period of the tumors was 71 days (26 to 145) postinjection. The frequency of occurrence of neoplasms at different sites was: diaphragm, 45%; ribs, 14%; vertebrae, 14%; femora, 9%; pelvic bones, 5%; tibiae, 4%; sternebrae, 3%; and inguinal area, 7%. The neoplasms were characterized histologically by elongated or rounded cells associated with an abundant connective tissue stroma. Occasional areas of bone formation and apparent osteoid metaplasia were seen. Bone tumors appeared to arise from periosteal cells, to grow by expansion, and to invade locally, but they failed to metastasize. Neoplasms of the diaphragm originated in the central aponeurosis and appeared histologically similar to bone neoplasms. Histochemical studies demonstrated abundant alkaline phosphatase in tumor cells, and ultrastructural observations revealed subcellular characteristics of osteoblasts and chondroblasts. Tumors were readily transplantable and had histopathological characteristics similar to those of the primary viral-induced tumors. The results of this study indicate that the FBJ virus induces in NIH Swiss mice a unique type of chondroosseous neoplasm derived from periosteal cells which has a resemblance to human juxtacortical (parosteal) osteosarcoma.
Cancer Res 1976 Nov
PMID:Histogenesis and Morphology of periosteal sarcomas induced by FBJ virus in NIH Swiss mice. 18 21

The transformed cells that arise from among the hamster epithelial and mesenchymal cells exposed to SV40 in vitro are, as a rule, fibroblastoid and pleomorphic rather than epithelioid. Moreover, the neoplasms that these transformed cells induce in the allogeneic host are spindle cell sarcomas and pleomorphic sarcomas rather than carcinomas. Since this phenomenon may result from cellular dedifferentiation in culture, to the extent that the anaplastic morphology and lack of specialized function can no longer suggest the cell or origin, we investigated the fate of the differentiated state of cells of three types of SV40-induced hamster tumors before and after serial passage in vitro. The tumors evaluated were three reticulum cell sarcomas, three osteogenic sarcomas, and two lymphosarcomas of B-cell origin. Our data demonstrate that reticulum cell sarcoma cells lose their morphological differentiation soon after the original tumors are dissociated into cell suspensions but preserve their phagocytic activity throughout their in vitro passage. Osteogenic sarcoma cells lose their differentiated phenotype and their capacity to form osteoid during but not before their serial passage in culture. Lymphosarcoma cells preserve their lymphoid morphology and their ability to produce immunoglobulin even after many in vitro passages. These results indicate that, in many types of SV40-induced tumors, neoplastic cell dedifferentiation, following serial passage in culture, is responsible to a great extent for the emergence of new cell phenotypes lacking in morphological and functional features characteristic of the cells originally transformed by SV40.
Cancer Res 1976 Sep
PMID:Loss or persistence of the differentiated state of simian virus 40-induced hamster tumor cells before and after serial passage in culture. 18 42

Cytologic and cytochemical examination of eighteen cases of round-cell sarcoma of bone allowed classification of these tumors into four cytologic groups. Additional cytochemical examinations based on the PAS and D-PAS reactions, and the demonstration of the activity of peroxidase, naphtol-ASD-Chloracetate esterase, alpha-naphthylacetate esterase, naphthol-AS-acetate esterase with and without sodium fluoride inhibition, acid and alkaline phosphatases yielded no evidence of uniform behavior among the individual groups or within any single group. The studies showed that a positive glycogen reaction cannot be used as a basic criterion for the classification of such tumors as Ewing's sarcoma and for regarding them as a uniform tumor group. It is possible that a pool of tumors is involved, including tumors of monocytic and probably of lymphocytic origin, reticulum-cell sarcoma, tumors of myelocytic and erythroplastic origin, stem-cell tumors, and endothelial-cell tumors. Histologic examination alone is not sufficient for the classification of round-cell sarcomas of bone, and it should be supplemented by cytologic and cytochemical or histochemical methods. Osteosarcomas (23 cases) and chondrosarcomas (8 cases) display cells which are characteristic for these tumors and which could be correlated with their benign counterparts, osteoblasts and chondroid cells. The histologically recognizable degree of malignancy of chondrosarcoma can be evaluated better with the cytologic than with the histologic technic. Indications of the possibilities of differential diagnosis based on the cytologic pictures of benign and malignant osteoplastic and chondroplastic tumors, giant-cell tumors and chordoma are discussed.
Recent Results Cancer Res 1976
PMID:Cytologic and cytochemical behavior of primary malignant bone tumors. 18 69

Biological studies on FBJ osteosarcoma virus in tissue cultures have led to the isolation of murine sarcoma virus. Characteristic type C-MuLV particles were observed in bone tumors induced by the SD-MSV-M-virus in vitro and in vivo. The SD-MSV-M virus also induced bone tumors in rats of all strains tested, and it has a similar tumor-inducing property in hamsters. Immunoelectronmicroscopic studies showed that envelope antigens of MSV-SD virus in rat bone tumors can be distinguished from those found in hamster bone tumor cells. In tissue cultures of MSV-SD rat bone tumors, two separate cell lines have been established: one of them releases both MSV and MuLV and the other produces MuL virus only. The MuLV in this cell line acts as helper. The different interactions appear to support the concept of control mechanisms for the partial expression of genes which are responsible for neoplastic properties, virus replication, and synthesis of gs-antigens. Biochemical studies on structural rearrangement and subunit composition of RNA released from MSV-SD virus, have shown that there are two forms of the native genome RNA differing in their sedimentation coeffiiecients and in subunit composition. In human osteosarcoma tissue culture, type-C viruslike particles are found. In cocultures derived from human osteosarcoma with cells taken from the bone marrow or peripheral blood of patients with different types of leukemia, certain morphological changes are observed which resemble those induced in animal cells by RNA tumor viruses. In osteosarcomas where no cytoplasmic antigen could be proved by an immunofluorescence test, the antigen could be produced by cocultivation with antigen-positive leukemic bone marrow cells. Whole human embryo cells treated with fluid from leukemia bone marrow cultures showed the presence of the cytoplasmic antigen when tested with positive sera, but they showed no morphologic changes. In high molecular weight RNA species, sedimentation coefficients ranging from 62S to 68S are demonstrated by molecular hybridization techniques. In cross-hybridization experiments, annealing values were observed only with complementary DNA products synthesized from sarcoma viruses. Three particularly high molecular weight RNA species released from human sarcoma cell cultures showed no cross-hybridization with either the DNA product of Rauscher leukemia virus or that of Gross leukemia virus.
Recent Results Cancer Res 1976
PMID:Morphological, biological, immunological and biochemical studies on bone tumors of animals and man. 18 70

Bone cancer can be induced by radionuclides that localize in the skeleton. Histologically, these experimentally induced tumors resemble those found naturally in man; they range from densely ossified osteogenic sarcomas to osteolytic tumors with giant cells and only a small osteoid component. Fibrosarcomas and hemangiosarcomas also can occur in some species. It has not been possible to determine the dose in terms of absorbed energy necessary for bone-tumor induction because radionuclides are not deposited uniformly, and they diminish in amount with time. Also, the precise time when irreversible noeplastic change occurs is not known. With X-rays, however, 500 rads delivered to the endosteal surface of a mouse femur has been shown to cause osteogenic sarcoma. Bone tumors can be induced in mice by viruses. FBJ osteosarcoma virus and RFB osteoma virus were obtained from spontaneous tumors; FBR osteosarcoma virus came from a radiation-induced tumor. All three are RNA viruses with C-type particle morphology, and they are propagated by injecting cell-free extracts of virus-induced tumor. All three are RNA viruses with C-type particle morphology, and they are propagated by injecting cell-free extracts of virus-induced tumor into newborn mice. Interaction studies with bone-seeking radionuclides and these viruses have led to the hypothesis that radiation produces cancer by inactivating a viral inhibitor. There is also evidence of a bone tumor virus in the human disease. The injection of cell-free extracts of human bone cancer into newborn Syrian hamsters has induced a variety of mesenchymal tumors at a rate significantly higher than in the control hamsters. Sixty tumors of this type, including 20 osteosarcomas, 11 fibrosarcomas, and 9 osteomas, have been diagnosed so far in experimental animals; in control hamsters there has been only one, a fibrosarcoma. Immunofluorescence assays and cytotoxicity studies indicated that these hamster tumors carried a human antigen.
Recent Results Cancer Res 1976
PMID:Pathogenesis of radiation and virus-induced bone tumors. 18 72

A search of the records of 10 pediatric oncology centers revealed 102 children with more than one malignant neoplasm. In this group of 102 patients, all pediatric cancers were seen as initial lesions, but Wilms' tumor and retinoblastoma were over-represented and leukemia and brain tumors underrepresented. Survival variation as well as tumor susceptibility may be responsible for this disproportion. Osteosarcomas and chondrosarcomas were the most frequent second malignant neoplasms (SMN). Embryonal tumors were rare as SMN and adult-type tumors (carcinomas) appeared at earlier than expected ages, whether arising after irradiation or not related to that form of therapy. Radiation was associated with 69 SMN, genetic disease accounted for 27 SMN and both conditions were noted in 15 SMN. In the group of 21 patients for whom neither radiation nor a known genetic disorder could be implicated, there were three with colon carcinoma and glioma and five with leukemia or lymphoma and glioma. These combinations may reflect new tissue-specific hereditary cancer syndromes.
Cancer 1977 Oct
PMID:Patterns of second malignant neoplasms in children. 19 10

Three of nine children of possibly consanguineous American Indian parents developed typical osteosarcoma in a 2-year period. Etiologic investigations detected limb anomalies and elevated mean corpuscular volumes (98--109 micrometer3) in the surviving tumor patient, several of her sibs, and her father. Limb anomalies included simple clinodactyly with brachymesophalangy, absence of one digital ray of the foot, and bilateral radioulnar synostosis. The red cell macrocytosis was not accompanied by anemia or explained by the usual causes. No unusual environmental exposures were found and screening for possible oncogenic viruses by culture, electron microscopy, and serology was negative. All family members had elevated antibody titers to Epstein-Barr viral antigens. The proband and her father had excessive chromosomal breaks in the bone marrow. This unusual familial pattern of osseous malignancy and malformation and defective erythropoiesis, tentatively called OSLAM syndrome, may represent impaired regulation of bone development.
Cancer 1977 Dec
PMID:Multiple childhood osteosarcomas in an American Indian family with erythroid macrocytosis and skeletal anomalies. 20 63

Cells from spontaneous osteosarcoma V793 that originated in a 19-month-old female BALB/c mouse were cultured. They did not produce a C-type oncovirus as determined by extracellular reverse transcriptase assay and cytoplasmic immunofluorescence. After cocultivation with Balb/3T3 cells chronically infected with a murine leukemia virus (MuLV), a focus-forming principle that transformed 3T3 cells, secondary BALB/c mouse embryo and WAG/Rij rat embryo fibroblasts were rescued. The transformation could be inhibited by antiserum to MuLV.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1978 Feb
PMID:Rescue of a transforming virus from a spontaneous nonproducing osteosarcoma in BALB/c mice. 20 17


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