Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixteen patients are presented who had sarcomas of the chest wall at a site where a prior malignancy had been irradiated. The first malignancies included breast cancer (ten cases), Hodgkin's disease (four cases), and others (two cases). Radiation doses varied from 4200 to 5500 R (mean, 4900 R). The latency period ranged from 5 to 28 years (mean, 13 years). The histologic types of the radiation-induced sarcomas were as follows: malignant fibrous histiocytoma, nine cases; osteosarcoma, six cases; and malignant mesenchymoma, one case. The only long-term survivor is alive and well 12 years after resection of a clavicular chondroblastic osteosarcoma. Three cases were recently diagnosed. Despite aggressive multimodality treatment, the remaining 13 patients have all died from their sarcomas (mean survival, 13.5 months). All patients have apparently been cured of their first malignancies. Chemotherapy was ineffective. No treatment, including forequarter amputation, appeared to palliate the patients with supraclavicular soft tissue sarcomas. Major chest wall resection offered good palliation for seven of eight patients with sarcomas arising in the sternum or lateral chest wall. Close follow-up is needed to detect signs of these sarcomas in the ever-increasing number of patients receiving therapeutic irradiation.
 ...
PMID:Radiation-induced sarcomas of the chest wall. 394 97

The risk of second primary cancers developing was evaluated in individuals with 6 rare tumors in Connecticut between 1935 and 1982. Small but significant excesses of all second cancers occurred in patients with cutaneous melanoma (42%), and cancers of the brain (59%), thyroid (49%), connective tissue (23%), bone (66%), and eye (40%). In individuals with cutaneous melanoma, the highest risks were for subsequent cutaneous melanomas [relative risk (RR) = 8.5] that persisted throughout all intervals of observation. The risk for second melanomas was higher in persons under age 40, consistent with a heritable component. Connective tissue tumors and breast cancers also occurred in excess. Among patients with brain cancer, an increase of melanoma was observed that may represent an underlying neural crest abnormality, although no excess of brain cancer was seen after melanoma. Reciprocal increases of bone cancer after connective tissue cancer and connective tissue cancer after bone cancer point to shared risk factors, such as high dose radiotherapy or genetic susceptibility states. An anticipated high risk of osteogenic sarcoma following Ewing's sarcoma was not seen. An excess of breast cancer (RR = 1.9) after thyroid cancer indicates common etiologic factors. Expected excesses of bilateral retinoblastoma and bone cancer after retinoblastoma were seen. Tumors commonly treated with alkylating agents or nitrosoureas (melanoma, brain, connective tissue) showed slightly elevated risks of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Prostate cancer was frequently found to be in excess, but this is likely an artifact due to ascertainment bias.
 ...
PMID:Second cancer following cutaneous melanoma and cancers of the brain, thyroid, connective tissue, bone, and eye in Connecticut, 1935-82. 408 97

Since 1970, we have carried out cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy in cooperation with Japanese scientists, particularly Prof. H. Umezawa, who has generously supplied bleomycin, peplomycin, acalcinomycin A (ACM), THP-adriamycin (THP), neothramycin and bestatin. Malignant tumors curable by pharmacotherapy are polycythemia vera (CR 100%), acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) (CR 80%), Burkitt tumor (CR 80 or 50%), Hodgkin disease (CR 80%), chorioepithelioma (CR 80%), testicular cancer (CR 80%), ovary cancer of children (CR 80%), Wilms renal cancer (CR 60%), rhabdomyosarcoma (CR 75%), osteosarcoma (CR 60%), Ewing tumor (CR 60%), brain tumor of children (CR greater than 50%), testicular embryonal cancer of children (CR greater than 50%), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (CR 50%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (CR 50%), ovary cancer of adults (CR 40%), small cell lung cancer (CR 20%) and breast cancer. Our experimental and/or clinical experience with ACM, THP, methoxy-9-ellipticine lactate, navelbine, 4-demethyl-epipodophyllotoxin-beta-d-ethyledene glucoside, bestatin and interferon is presented. ACM is effective against AML, ALL, NHL, Burkitt tumor, breast cancer. We have comparatively investigated cardiac and dermal toxicity of 12 kinds of anthracycline antibiotics and mitoxantrone, using golden hamsters. Of the drugs examined, ACM, THP, AD-32 and AD-143 cause much less cardiomyopathy and alopecia than the other agents. The results have been confirmed by electron microscopic studies. Bestatin is an immunorestorator, which recovers immunological functions decreased in aged animals. We hope that cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy will progress in future and contribute to cure of neoplasms. Japanese scientists have been making a great contribution in the field of cancer pharmacotherapy, and we are eager to cooperate with Japanese scientists in cancer treatment studies.
 ...
PMID:[Japanese-French cooperation in tumor pharmacotherapy: 1970-1990]. 619 71

The cytotoxic activity of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-ddFUrd) was established in six cultured human tumor lines: 47-DN and MCF-7 breast carcinomas, MG-63 osteosarcoma, HCT-8 colon carcinoma, Colo-357 pancreatic carcinoma, and HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia. Cells were exposed to a wide range of 5'-dFUrd concentrations (from 0.1 microM to 1.0 mM) for 3, 6, or 24 hrs, and then cloned using standard in vitro clonogenic assays. 5'-dFUrd exhibited its best activity in the 47-DN and MCF-7 breast cell lines and in the MG-63 osteosarcoma line (3-hr LD50 values of 32, 34, and 38 microM, respectively). Less activity was observed in the HCT-8 colon (LD50 = 195 microM) and Colo-357 pancreatic (LD50 = 155 microM) tumor lines, and ver poor activity was noted in the HL-60 leukemia cell line (LD50 = 465 microM). The metabolism of 5'-dFUrd to 5-FU (FUra) and FUra-nucleotides was determined and found to directly correlate with the potency of 5'-FUrd in these cell lines. These results suggest that: (a) there is a marked variation in sensitivity of human cancer cells of different tissue origin to 5'-dFUrd, (b) there is a direct relationship between the sensitivity of human cells to 5'-dFUrd and the ability of the cell to metabolize 5'-dFUrd to FUra, and (c) increasing exposure period of cells to 5'-dFUrd did not markedly alter 5'-dFUrd potency in all human cancer cells examined, with the exception of the 47-DN breast cancer cells.
 ...
PMID:Cytotoxic activity of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine in cultured human tumors. 622 89

The review summarizes the most recent results obtained with present combined adjuvant strategy for the treatment of resectable cancer. Recent important randomized clinical trials, either unicentric or polycentric, are discussed. As far as pediatric tumors are concerned post-surgical adjuvant chemotherapy was proved to play a useful role in prolonging the disease-free survival in Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma. Results obtained in the treatment of medulloblastoma and osteogenic sarcoma need further investigations. In adult neoplasms the most important results with combined modality approach are presently being obtained in breast cancer and probably in melanoma. No consistent improvement by adjuvant chemotherapy has been observed in colorectal cancer.
 ...
PMID:Adjuvant therapies of postsurgical minimal residual disease. 625 19

We have found that the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA)-containing protein from bone (BGP, osteocalcin) has chemotactic activity in vitro for a number of cells which are found adjacent to endosteal bone surfaces in vivo. Using the Boyden chamber technique for measuring cell chemotaxis in vitro, we have shown that BGP is chemotactic for cultured human breast cancer cells, human and mouse monocytes, and for cultured rat osteosarcoma cells which have the characteristics of osteoblasts. The migration of these cells in response to BGP is undirectional and not due to spontaneous or random migration. A synthetic peptide (Phe-Tyr-Gly-Pro-Val), which is identical to the carboxy-terminal peptide cleaved from BGP when digested by trypsin, is also chemotactic for the same cells. BGP retains its chemotactic activity after conversion of the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues to glutamic acid, indicating that this biological effect requires neither gamma-carboxyglutamate nor the ability of BGP to bind calcium. Since BGP is released from bone during states of increased bone turnover, it is possible that this chemotactic effect of the protein may be a mechanism for recruitment of these cells to sites of active bone remodeling.
 ...
PMID:Chemotactic activity of the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid containing protein in bone. 660 77

The authors first describe and illustrate didactically the use of the Kaplan-Meier actuarial technique for serial diagnostic studies. They then present an analysis of previously published data on the results of serial radionuclide bone images in patients with osteosarcoma or breast carcinoma, using this technique. The data indicate that patients with osteosarcoma show an almost linear increase in the occurrence of bone metastases between 5 and 29 months after diagnosis; the rate is approximately 1% per month. Patients with breast cancer, on the other hand, show a biphasic rate of development, averaging only 0.5% per month during the first year after diagnosis but increasing rapidly to approximately 2% per month after 15 months.
 ...
PMID:Analysis of serial radionuclide bone images in osteosarcoma and breast carcinoma. 692 97

Studies have shown an increased risk for breast cancer in the mothers of children suffering from retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma, suggesting a role for the retinoblastoma susceptibility (Rb) gene product in breast cancer. We now show that estradiol decreases the expression of Rb at the level of protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) in estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell lines. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with 10(-9) M estradiol for 48 h resulted in a 70% decrease in the level of Rb protein. Ribonuclease protection assays showed a 50% decrease in the steady state levels of Rb mRNA by 12 h and a 70% decrease in Rb mRNA by 24 h. Treatment with estradiol had no effect on the rate of Rb gene transcription or on Rb mRNA stability, but resulted in an increase in the steady state level of Rb mRNA in the nucleus. The effect of estradiol was inhibited by 10(-7) M 4-hydroxytamoxifen. In the absence of estradiol, the antiestrogens 4-hydroxytamoxifen and ICI 164,384 increased Rb mRNA by 50% over that in estrogen-depleted conditions. Estradiol regulation of Rb mRNA also occurred in other estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell lines. Insulin-like growth factor I, insulin, progestins, and epidermal growth factor had no effect on Rb expression. In summary, these results show that estradiol specifically regulates the expression of the Rb susceptibility gene product in hormone-dependent breast cancer by a posttranscriptional mechanism that occurs in the nucleus. The results from this study suggest that the negative regulation of Rb expression by estradiol, rather than Rb loss or mutation, may play an important role in breast carcinogenesis.
 ...
PMID:Regulation of retinoblastoma gene expression in hormone-dependent breast cancer. 758 21

Expression levels of nm23 protein in 72 malignant bone tumors comprising 41 osteosarcomas, 22 chondrosarcomas, 6 Ewing's sarcomas, and 2 malignant fibrous histiocytomas were examined immunohistochemically, using anti-nm23 protein polyclonal antibody, and compared with 51 cases of benign bone tumors or tumor-like lesions. Malignant bone tumors showed significantly higher nm23 protein expression than benign bone tumors or tumor-like lesions (P < 0.0001). In chondrosarcoma, nm23 expression increased in high-grade tumors (grade I versus grade II and III: P = 0.0229). In the cases of osteosarcoma, however, grade IV osteosarcomas showed decreased expression of nm23 compared with grade III tumors (P = 0.0122). There was no significant relationship between nm23 expression and histological type. nm23 expression had no correlation with metastatic potential in osteosarcoma, although the therapy was not uniform in our cases. Furthermore, in 6 cases of osteosarcoma and 1 case of Ewing's sarcoma, there was no clear tendency for a decrease of nm23 in the metastatic sites compared with primary sites, as reported in breast cancer. These results showed that, in contrast to reports on breast cancer and experimental models, nm23 protein expression in human bone tumors may be associated with malignant potentiality, except in cases of osteosarcoma.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical analysis of nm23 protein expression in malignant bone tumors. 759 31

Although 17 beta-estradiol (E2) replacement therapy has been shown to be effective in treating postmenopausal osteoporosis, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The presence of low levels of functional endogenous estrogen receptor (ER) in some osteoblastic cells has been demonstrated, and the suggestion that the abundance of ER may be rate-limiting in the action of E2 on these cells has been made. To study the mechanism of ER in regard to E2-mediated effects, we stably transfected a human osteosarcoma cell line, SaOS-2, with an expression vector, pMV-7-ER, containing the human ER gene. We characterized six of the stably transfected clones. One of the stable clones, SaOS-2-ER, expressed extra copies of ER genes integrated into the genome as detected by Southern blot analysis, showed a significantly increased level of ER mRNA by RT-PCR, and contained an increased level of ER cytosolic protein as detected by an ER-specific EIA. The overexpressed ER was functional and sensitive to E2 in a dose-dependent fashion after transient transfection with a vector containing an estrogen response element (ERE) linked to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene. Scatchard analysis revealed a single high-affinity binding site with a Kd similar to values obtained for the ER in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. These SaOS-2-ER cells had altered osteoblast phenotypic features including growth inhibition, decreased basal alkaline phosphatase activity, and decreased IL-6 expression and secretion. In response to E2, a greater than 2-fold increase in TGF-beta 1 mRNA was quantitatively measured in these ER-overexpressing osteoblasts. These cells may provide a sensitive and unique model for understanding the mechanism of E2 and ER in overall bone metabolism.
 ...
PMID:Generation and characterization of a human osteosarcoma cell line stably transfected with the human estrogen receptor gene. 763 12


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>