Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since the introduction of bone scans in 1951, there have been many studies comparing biologic and physical characteristics of new bone-imaging agents and the results of scintigraphy and radiology in large numbers of patients. Relatively speaking, there have been fewer studies detailing the health benefits and financial cost associated with the use of skeletal scintigraphy. This review concerns these aspects in patients with malignancies of various sites and stages. About 2% of patients with stage I or II breast cancer have bone metastases at the time they first present, whereas nearly 28% of patients with stage III disease have bone metastases. A large percentage of patients with initially negative scans develop bone metastases during the first 3--4 yr; many of them develop them within the first 12--18 mo after initial diagnosis. For patients with lung cancer, the use of bone scans in staging their disease is somewhat controversial. Several studies indicate that the yield of positive bone scans may range from as low as 2% to as high as 35%. Data on the use of bone scans in staging prostatic cancer initially are similar to those in patients with breast cancer, that is, yields of 7% in patients with stage I or II disease and a yield of about 20% with stage III disease. Children with osteosarcoma or Ewing's sarcoma rarely have bone disease distant from the site of their primary bone lesion at presentation. However, a large percentage of them (30%--40% or so) develop bone metastases during the follow-up period. As in the case with patients with breast cancer, about half of these bone metastases are evident by 12--18 mo.
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PMID:Rationale for the use of bone scans in selected metastatic and primary bone tumors. 11 84

Eighty one patients (59 females, 22 males) with advanced solid tumors were treated with Adriamycin in doses of 40 mg/m2 body surgace daily, in two days cycles, with resting periods of 3 weeks. Overall response rate was 46% (37/81). In breast cancer response rate was 56% (13/23) and in ovarian cancer 48% (13/27). In various other tumors remission was observed in soft tissue sarcomas (3/8), thyroid cancer (1/7), osteogenic sarcoma (1/4), oesophageal cancer (2/4), lung cancer (2/4), bladder cancer (1/2) and hepatoma (1/2). In breast cancer patients, 2-7 month remission duration was observed (M equal to 4.5 month) and in ovarian cancer 1.5-5 month (M equal to 3.2 month). Adriamycin was also applied intrapleurally in 31 patients with malignant pleural effusions with a low response rate (26%). This modified schedule of Adriamycin administration showed a high antitumor activity in breast and ovarian cancer and in soft tissue sarcomas. Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus was also sensitive to Adriamycin therapy. The very low rate of myelosuppression and oral ulceration showed the decreased toxicity of this Adriamycin administration schedule.
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PMID:Modified administration schedule of adriamycin in solid tumors. 14 May 42

The complement-fixation-inhibition (CFI) test was evaluated as a means of detecting humoral antibodies in cat sera and in human sera to mammalian C-type RNA virus interspecies antigen(s). CFI antibody titers of greater than or equal 1:2 were detected in sera from all tumor bearing (23) and normal cats (23), however, sera from most germ free cats were negative. When the same cat sera were tested for blocking antibody by the paired radioiodine labeled antibody technique the correlation between the radioimmune assay and CFI tests was 85%. Sera from 378 cancer patients and 193 normal people were tested for antibodies to the mammalian oncornavirus interspecies-specific antigen in the CFI test. This test used a rabbit antiserum prepared toward a purified feline leukemia virus (FeLV) interspecies antigen. Disrupted Rauscher murine leukemia virus (RLV) was used as source of interspecies antigen in the CFI test. A significantly (P=0.01) higher number of reactions occurred with sera from patients with lymphosarcoma (70.4%), osteosarcoma (41.0%), reticulum cell sarcoma (56.7%), and rhabdomyosarcoma (31.8%) as opposed to sera from normal individuals (6.2%). Of 51 sera from patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia 23.5% (P=0.05) were reactive. Of the sera from 88 breast cancer patients 22.7% reacted, as opposed to 7.8% of 116 normal females and 13.9% of 43 patients with benign breast disease. CFI antibody titers were shown to be dependent on RLV antigen concentration. Absorption with human A and B red blood cell (RBC) and Forssman antigen did not reduce the CFI titers in human sera whereas absorption with RLV reduced them significantly. By indirect radioimmunoelectrophoresis the antibody in selected human sera was shown to be an IgG.
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PMID:Complement-fixation-inhibition as a test for antibodies in cats and humans to C-type RNA tumor virus antigen. 16 19

The evidence that the principles of surgical adjuvant chemotherapy developed in experimental animal systems also apply to a variety of neoplastic diseases in man has been clearly demonstrated. Micrometastatic disease can be eradicated with effective chemotherapy in several diseases. Prolongation of disease-free interval, if not cure, is now possible in diseases in which curative surgery alone or in combination with radiotherapy does not achieve these goals. The previously fatal childhood solid tumors--Wilms', Ewings' sarcoma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma--are curable in a high percentage of patients appropriately treated with combinations of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The prolongation of the disease-free interval in osteogenic sarcoma has permitted consideration of entirely new surgical approaches for this tumor in which radical amputation has traditionally been employed. The spectacular results achieved in the treatment of Stage II breast cancer may potentially save hundreds of thousands of lives in the coming decade. Clinically recognizable metastatic disease is rarely curable by any currently available treatment modality. The prolongation of disease-free intervals and production of cures when surgical adjuvant chemotherapy is employed may be partly explained by relatively more circulation, and thus drug delivery to each tumor cell, more favorable cellular kinetics, and a healthier and more immunocompetent host who is better able to withstand drug effects on normal tissues, and to participate in tumor destruction. Cures of certain patients with neoplastic diseases using surgical adjuvant chemotherapy has increased the incentive to learn more about new and old drugs and their effective use alone and in combination. Chemotherapy, in appropriate combinations with surgery, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, may well be more efficacious in many clinical situations than the traditional use of single-modality treatment. The data presented in this paper relate solid evidence that the possibility of cure in a variety of neoplastic diseases is real.
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PMID:Surgical adjuvant chemotherapy. 19 34

The presence of micrometastatic disease at the time of diagnosis is the major cause of failure in the treatment of cancer. The mechanisms, biology, and biochemistry of tumor metastases at an experimental level are being effectively studied. Potential control points and therapeutic implications are emerging. These are being employed in the construction of clinical trials involving adjuvant chemotherapy. This is part of combined modality treatment in which the best of treatment design to achieve local control (surgery and/or x-ray) is combined with systemic treatment (chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy) designed to irradicate microscopic metastases. The evolution of such studies in patients with breast cancer and osteogenic sarcoma over the past five years is presented. Disease-free survival has improved as a result of adjuvant chemotherapy for both of these diseases. While a longer follow-up will be required to determine more precisely the impact of multi-disciplinary treatment on these and other diseases, the short-time results are promising.
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PMID:Rationale for combined therapy. 26 6

A variety of adjuvant trials performed in the United States for osteogenic sarcoma, breast, lung, and colon cancer have achieved encouraging results and are briefly summarized. Trials in osteogenic sarcoma are reporting 2-year disease-free survival rates of 50%. However, they have only been evaluated against historical controls and there is some evidence that other factors might have greatly improved the disease-free survival in the absence of adjuvant therapy. The NSABP breast cancer trial only shows significant improvement for women under 50 years of age with 1 to 3 positive axillary nodes. A very promising trial using intrapleural BCG immunotherapy for squamous cell lung cancer is described. Also, two trials of 5-fluorouracil for colo-rectal cancer, both showing trends suggesting slight improvement among treated patients, are presented. Proper care in the design of adjuvant trials with sufficient attention paid to prognostic variables is urged.
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PMID:Effective adjuvant treatments. A brief review of U.S. clinical trials. 28 26

Studies of multiple primary neoplasms and their relation to the nervous system should consider two important principles: 1) neoplasms of the nervous system have certain unusual features that distinguish them from tumors occurring elsewhere in the body; and 2) there is good evidence that the various histologic types of nervous system tumors should be regarded as separate diseases. The association of nervous system neoplasms and tumors of other sites may occur in patients with phacomatoses or particular genetic syndromes. In addition, certain nervous system neoplasms may be multicentric in origin. Retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma occur together in the same patient more often than expected by chance, as do meningioma and breast cancer. These relationships are important in that they serve to identify the high risk patient, may provide etiologic clues, may point to the presence of genetic syndromes, and may highlight sites in which subsequent tumors are most likely to develop.
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PMID:Multiple primary neoplasms and the nervous system. 40 81

Contemporary clinical research is actively engaged at the conquest of residual neoplastic disease. The preliminary results of combined treatment modalities for osteogenic sarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, breast cancer, malignant melanoma and Hodgkin's disease have shown a significant decrease in the incidence of distant metastases. In some neoplasias the decreased relapse rate was associated to improved survival. Since the problem of long-term carcinogenesis does exist, the use of prolonged adjuvant chemotherapy, at present moment, is best limited to patients at high risk of early relapse when treated only with local or local-regional modalities.
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PMID:Treatment of residual neoplastic disease in solid tumours. 106 17

Adriamycin is a new anticancer antibiotic with a wide spectrum of activity against solid tumours. The results obtained with this agent in 159 patients with histologically confirmed advanced metastastic malignancies are reported. Encouraging results were obtained in patients with sarcomas of bone and soft tissue (12/22). Response was also seen in mesothelioma (3/9) and lung cancer (5/15). A variety of other neoplasms was also treated and results obtained in neuroblastoma, testicular tumours, stomach carcinoma, breast cancer and nephroblastoma are reported. Treatment is discussed, with reference to response rates and toxicity. Results in 72 patients with advanced breast cancer, who received adriamycin in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, are presented. Seventeen patients with primary liver cancer were also treated with adriamycin. To date, this is the only chemotherapeutic agent that appears to significantly improve survival times in patients with this resistant form of cancer. The prophylactic use of adriamycin against osteogenic sarcoma is also discussed.
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PMID:Adriamycin in the treatment of cancer. 125 Dec 78

Metastatic tumors to the upper gastrointestinal tract were identified by esophagogastroduodenoscopy in 14 patients. Malignant melanoma, breast cancer, and lung cancer were the most common primary cancers in four, three, and three patients, respectively. Osteogenic sarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, Meckel cell carcinoma of the skin, and germ-cell tumor were the primary cancer in the remaining four. The esophagus was involved in three patients, the stomach in 13, duodenum in four, and papilla of Vater in one. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia were the most common presenting features. There was correlation between symptoms and endoscopic findings in all patients. Involvement of gastrointestinal tract at endoscopy was the initial and only evidence of metastases in all patients without evidence of metastases elsewhere, as evidenced by other diagnostic tests in any of these patients. Endoscopic biopsies and/or brush cytology provided histologic diagnosis in all 14 patients. The endoscopic and nonendoscopic literature regarding metastases to the upper gastrointestinal tract is reviewed.
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PMID:Metastatic tumors to the upper gastrointestinal tract: endoscopic experience. 962 52


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