Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lung tumor-associated antigens of approximately 32,000 daltons were recognized by the use of sensitive radioimmunoassays and rabbit antisera, one raised against an extract of pooled human malignant lung tissues and another raised against a cell line derived from a human squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. These antigens differ from antigens described previously, including carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha-fetoprotein. The antigens were detected on 13 of 13 lung tumors (of all histologic types), fetal tissue, normal brain, 2 of 8 colon tumors, 2 of 9 prostate tumors, and 2 of 3 breast tumors, as well as on cell lines derived from lung tumors, neuroblastoma, human amnion, colon adenocarcinoma, and bladder tumors. They were not detectable on normal lung, liver, kidney, colon, or prostate tissues or on cell lines derived from osteosarcoma, fetal lung fibroblasts, transitional cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Lung tumors of different histologic types were concluded to express common, tumor-associated oncofetal antigens that are found less often on tumors of other organs.
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PMID:Human lung tumor-associated antigens of 32,000 daltons molecular weight. 9 95

An aged Boxer dog had 9 distinct primary tumors: chemodectoma, osteosarcoma, bronchiolo-alveolar adenocarcinoma, interstitial cell tumor, seminoma, basal cell tumor, fibropapilloma, adrenal cortical adenoma, and pancreatic adenoma. From this report, as well as from other studies, it is clear that Boxers have special susceptibilities to a variety of tumors. Analysis of clinical data on canine tumors indicated that the risk of Boxers for multiple tumors is only slightly higher than all tumors, indicating little or no specific predisposition for multiple tumors. In Boxers, however, certain tumor types occurred more frequently as multiple primary tumors than would be expected by chance.
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PMID:Nine simultaneous primary tumors in a Boxer dog. 19 4

BK virus (BKV), a human papovavirus, was inoculated iv into 3-week-old Syrian golden hamsters. Between 2 1/2 and 9 months after inoculation, 82% of the animals developed tumors. The induced neoplasms were ependymoma, carcinoma of the pancreatic islets, osteosarcoma, adenocarcinoma, angiosarcoma, angioma, lymphoma, and seminoma. Hypersecretion of insulin, glucagon, C-peptide, and calcitonin was detected in tumors of pancreatic islets. BKV etiology of tumors was supported by the following evidence: 1) No tumors with BKV-specific markers appeared in animals given injections of buffer, animals inoculated with BKV neutralized by anti-BKV-specific serum, or uninoculated controls; 2) BKV tumor (T) antigen was detected by immunofluorescence and complement fixation tests in tumors of animals inoculated with infectious BKV and in transplanted tumors; 3) antibodies to BKV T-antigen were detected in sera of animals bearing primary or transplanted tumors; 4) BKV could be activated by Sendai virus-mediated fusion of neoplastic cells with susceptible Vero cells; and 5) no endogenous hamster oncornaviruses were found in tumors.
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PMID:Ependymomas, malignant tumors of pancreatic islets, and osteosarcomas induced in hamsters by BK virus, a human papovavirus. 21 Dec 43

A family is described in which four children developed cancer affecting different organs:lymphoma, meningeal sarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, and adenocarcinoma of the cecum. Since there was only one other case of cancer in previous generations of this family, an hypothesis is put forth to explain this unusual aggregation on the basis of recombination of common genes. It is postulated that each parent carried a different combination of genes which, though not associated with increased cancer predisposition in the combinations in which they were present in the parents, due to independent assortment resulted in a combination producing cancer susceptibility in half of the offspring. Such genetic loci could include factors similar to an oncogene which is normally held in control by genes at another locus; thus the dominant oncogene without the dominant controlling genes would make for cancer susceptibility, while the controlling genes without the oncogene would be associated with cancer resistance since two mutations would then be required for malignant development. To explain the occurrence of lymphoma in one of the children in this family, a third set of genes is included in this model--genes affecting immunocompetence, in which the normal allele is dominant. This three locus model has the advantage of being able to explain not only the occasional cancer family, but also the distribution of cancer susceptibility and resistance in the general population.
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PMID:Genetic mechanisms in cancer predisposition: report of a cancer family. 21 26

Bone remodeling in pathologic conditions was studied with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Benign and malignant ossification were examined in cases of myositis ossificans, ossifying fibroma, osteoid osteoma, and osteosarcoma, Resorption of bone due to invasion by non-ossifying tumors was found in cases of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, ameloblastoma, and multiple myeloma. Bone formation due to excessive production of growth hormone was studied in a case of acromegaly. Resorption of bone due to pathologic processes resembled the pattern found in surfaces which were undergoing resorption by osteoclasts. Lamelar-cortical bone formation in acromegally was similar in nature to normal bone. The deformities were rleated to the excessive continuous osteogenesis that occurs in these instances. Neoplastic ossification was characterized by calcifying globules, the diameters of which ranged from 1 to 3 micron. The surfaces of these globules were constructed of minute calcospherites with diameters ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 micron. It is suggested that the pattern of globular calcification is similar to the type that was found with the SEM in fetal bone and cartilage, during healing of fractured bone, and also with the TEM in normal and pathologic calcification.
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PMID:Bone remodeling in pathologic conditions. A scanning electron microscopic study. 26 94

The latency period, success rate, and minimal cell inoculum size required for transplantation of continuously passaged human tumor lines into congenitally athymic (nude) mice, antilymphocyte serum (ALS)-treated congenitally athymic (nude) mice, and congenitally athymic-asplenic (lasat) mice were compared. The 11 tumor lines studied included examples of breast adenocarcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease, malignant melanoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. Of these 11 tumor lines, 3 were successfully transplanted into nude mice, compared to 5 of 10 tumor lines in ALS-treated nude mice and 9 of 11 lines in lasat mice. Moreover, the latency period was shorter and the minimal cell inoculum size was lower for lasat mice than for either nude or ALS-treated nude mice. Despite this enhancement of heterotransplantation into lasat mice and despite the growth of large local masses, no evidence of distant metastases was found.
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PMID:Enhancement of heterotransplanted human tumor graft survival in nude mice treated with antilymphocyte serum and in congenitally athymic-asplenic (Lasat) mice. 27 31

If the study of tumor immunology is to have a profound impact on clinical medicine, certain hypotheses must be proven to be valid. First and foremost, it must be demonstrated that malignant tissue possesses antigenic substances (probably protein moieties) that are unique to that particular malignant process. In addition, these antigenic substances must be very similar in histologically similar tumors. Second, the host defense mechanisms must be capable of reacting to these tumor-associated antigens. The reaction is, of course, necessary in order to develop both diagnostic and therapeutic routes of application. The reaction of the immunologic system to these tumor-associated antigens could be monitored as an early serodiagnostic tool for subclinical cancer, and the cytotoxic reaction holds great promise as an immunotherapeutic tool. The essence of tumor immunologic research can thus be stated in the form of the following questions: 1. Do histologically similar cancers from identical primary sites share common tumor-associated antigens? 2. Does the immunologic system react to these antigens? 3. Can this reaction be assayed on one hand for serodiagnosis and augmented on the other for immunotherapy? Specific antigens have been found in animal tumors and have been divided into two classes: the viral induced tumors, which share common antigens when caused by the same viral agent, and carcinogen-induced tumors, which appear to have unique antigenic determinants for each tumor. In recent years a great many human tumors have been found to have tumor-associated antigens; these include colonic carcinoma, neuroblastoma, melanoma, soft tissue and osteogenic sarcoma, bladder carcinoma and Burkitt's lymphoma. This report includes evidence for the existence of such antigens in adenocarcinoma of the ovary and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. The laboratory evidence that has been presented would suggest that there are both a cell-mediated response and humoral response to the antigenic determinants of these two gynecologic cancers. It would appear that the mediated (lymphocyte) effect is considerably more cytotoxic and definitive than the humoral factors measured. In addition, the allogenic experiments would suggest strongly that indeed (at least with regard to these two cancers) histologically similar cancers from the same organ share common antigenic determinants. The identification and isolation of these tumor-associated antigens appears complex. The complexity is increased when one studies patients afflicted with these cancers for plasma carcinoembryonic antigens. This antigen, which was thought to be specific for adenocarcinoma of the colon, is found in the blood of a significant number of patients with adenocarcinoma of the ovary and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.
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PMID:Tumor-associated antigens in gynecologic cancer. 76 38

Forty-nine cases of primary tumors of the mandible have been reviewed. The anatomic location, pathologic features, sites of metastases, survival rates, and treatment methods were evaluated. Lesions studied included ameloblastoma, osteogenic sarcoma, reticulum cell sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, epidermoid carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and giant cell sarcoma. An in-depth discussion of primary osteogenic sarcoma of the mandible is presented. Because of upper cervical lymph node metastases in two cases of osteogenic sarcoma of the mandible, an upper neck dissection should be considered in the primary treatment. Also presented in this study are the first reported cases or primary myxosarcoma of the mandible and giant cell sarcoma of the mandible. Recent methods of treatment of ablative resection of the mandible followed by immediate or delayed repair are discussed. A revised technic for mandibular replacement which has met with success in six of seven cases is presented.
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PMID:Primary tumors of the mandible. A study of 49 cases. 79 Sep 85

The phosphorylation of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) was studied in cell-free extracts from a variety of solid mouse tumors, L1210 ascites and in normal liver and spleen. Two apparent Michaelis constants were observed for kinase activity in Lewis lung (Km1, 4.15 muM; Km2 58.1 muM), sarcoma 180 (Km1 6.66 muM; Km2 56.18 muM), adenocarcinoma 755 (Km1 4.34 muM; Km2 50.0 muM) and l1210 (Km1 29.41 muM; Km2 41.67 muM). The Km1 values generally ranged from 5 to 20 muM 3H-ara-C while the Km2 values ranged from 20 to 60 muM 3H-ara-C. Normal spleen (Km 47.6 muM), normal liver (Km 10.0 muM) and Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma (Km 31.2 muM) had single Km values. In the presence of tetrahydrouridine (H4U), the in vitro phosphorylation of ara-C was increased as much as 91% in cell-free extracts from adenocarcinoma 755; lesser increases were observed in other tumor extracts. At low substrate concentrations, the apparent Km decreased or did not change in the presence of H4U, while at higher substrate concentrations the apparent Km was increased or did not change in the presence of H4U. In the presence of H4U, Vmax for kinase activity increased most in those tumors possessing deaminase activity.
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PMID:Influence of tetrahydrouridine on the phosphorylation of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-cytosine (ara-C) by enzymes from solid tumors in vitro. 105 9

Carcinosarcomas of the salivary glands are rare lesions that generally have been associated with benign mixed tumors. The authors report a case of a submandibular gland lesion, which occurred in a 64-year-old man, that was composed of intermingled ductal type adenocarcinoma and osteogenic sarcoma with a large component of osteoclast-like giant cells. The local recurrence of the tumor was entirely sarcomatous with no epithelial component observed. There was no histologic evidence of a preexisting or coexisting pleomorphic adenoma. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed two separate populations of tumor cells, corresponding to the histologic growth pattern. The authors review the literature and discuss histogenetic implications of distinction between de novo carcinosarcoma and carcinosarcoma in association with pleomorphic adenoma.
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PMID:Carcinosarcoma of the submandibular salivary gland. Immunohistochemical findings. 131 76


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