Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0029089 (ophthalmoplegia)
 3,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The site of lesions responsible for horizontal gaze palsy and various types of internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) was established by identifying the common areas where the abnormal MRI signals from patients with a given ocular-motor disorder overlapped. Patients with unilateral gaze palsy had lesions in the paramedian area of the pons, including the abducens nucleus, the lateral part of the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis and the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis. Patients with abducens nucleus lesions showed additional clinical signs of lateral rectus weakness. Lesions responsible for bilateral gaze palsy involved the pontine tegmental raphe. Since this region contains the saccadic omnipause neurons, this finding suggests that damage to omnipause cells produces slowing of saccades rather than opsoclonus, as previously proposed. All INOs, regardless of the presence of impaired abduction or convergence, had similar MRI appearances. Frequently the lesions in patients with INO, were not confined to the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) but also involved neighbouring structures at the pontine and mid-brain levels. There was a statistically significant association between the clinical severity of the INO and the presence of abnormal abduction or convergence. The findings suggest that the lesions outside the MLF, which may affect abducens, gaze or convergence pathways, are responsible for the presence of features additional to INO, depending on the magnitude of functional disruption they produce.
 ...
PMID:Abnormalities of horizontal gaze. Clinical, oculographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings. II. Gaze palsy and internuclear ophthalmoplegia. 232 52

We describe 6 patients with ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and normal or exaggerated deep tendon reflexes. All had been preceded by a febrile illness and had a full recovery without sequelae. The brainstem auditory evoked potentials showed a localised lesion in the upper brainstem while the pattern shift visual evoked potentials were normal and did not show any additional silent lesions. CSF IgG oligoclonal bands were not detected in any of the patients. MRI in 2 patients showed a confluent high intensity lesion in the upper mesencephalon and thalamus involving white and gray matter. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 24 months and showed no relapse.
 ...
PMID:Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis. A grave non-demyelinating disease with benign prognosis. 235 86

We reported the first Japanese case of bilateral paramedian thalamic infarction associated with prominent Korsakoff's syndrome. 53-year-old man suffered from semicoma on the morning of September 16th, 1988. After recovery of consciousness disturbance, neurological examination revealed vertical eye gaze palsy, areflexia of lower extremities, apathy with hypersomnia and amnesia. Amnesia was accompanied with prominent confabulation, disorientation and lack of insight into his own disability. While X ray-CT revealed only ambiguous low density area in the bilateral thalamus, MRI of horizontal section by short spin echo revealed symmetrical low signal area restricted in the paramedian area of bilateral thalamus, and that of coronal section revealed characteristic butterfly-shaped lesion. Left BAG revealed that both posterior thalamoperforating arteries showed type 3 variation of Percheron's classification which arisen from artery arcade bridging between both side of interpeduncular segment of posterior cerebral artery. He showed gradual improvement in apathy with hypersomnia and disorientation but not in Korsakoff's syndrome nor ophthalmoplegia.
 ...
PMID:[Korsakoff's syndrome as a prominent feature of bilateral paramedian thalamic infarction--a case report]. 259 31

CT and MRI have become imaging techniques of great value in the diagnosis of vascular orbital lesions. Intraorbital vascular lesions, vascular tumors, intracranial aneurysms, carotid cavernous fistulas, and Tolosa-Hunt syndrome are discussed in detail. They illustrate how the accuracy of CT and MRI in evaluating orbital and intracranial masses has focused the role of angiography in exophthalmos and ophthalmoplegia on detection and assessment of those vascular lesions that may require surgical intervention.
 ...
PMID:The role of the neuroradiologist in vascular disorders involving the orbit. 329 79

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) was first recognized as a distinct morbid entity by Richardson, Steele and Olszewski a quarter century ago. Subsequent experience has confirmed and extended their original observations. PSP has become familiar as a chronic progressive disorder with extrapyramidal rigidity, bradykinesia, gait impairment, bulbar palsy, dementia and a characteristic supranuclear ophthalmoplegia. It is an important cause of parkinsonism. Its etiology remains obscure. Familial concentrations have not been observed. Some cases exhibit no oculomotor dysfunction. Dementia is usually mild. Recent neuropsychological studies have defined features consistent with frontal lobe cortical dysfunction. Seizures and paroxysmal EEG activity may occur. CT and MRI scans show midbrain atrophy early and later atrophy of the pontine and midbrain tegmentum and the frontal and temporal lobes. PET scans have shown frontal hypometabolism and loss of striatal D-2 dopamine receptors. Postmortem studies have documented involvement of both dopaminergic and cholinergic systems. Treatment remains palliative and unsatisfactory.
 ...
PMID:Progressive supranuclear palsy. 331 57

6 patients with brainstem infarction and oculomotor signs were studied. One case was consistent with a mesencephalic infarct (internuclear ophthalmoplegia); 4 cases were consistent with a protuberantial infarct (3 cases of "one and a half" syndrome and one case of pontine reticular syndrome associated with a palsy of the root of the VIth nerve. One case was a laterobulbar syndrome. These 6 patients were studied with CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI CGR Magniscan 5000 with supraconductor magnet of 0.5 Tesla) with T2 weighted images (TR = 2000 ms, TE = 60; 120 ms) in joined section of 9 or 6 mm thickness. The MRI findings were in each case consistent with an infarction. The clinico-topographic correlations are compared with the oculographic findings.
 ...
PMID:[Contribution of oculography and magnetic resonance imaging to the clinico-topographic correlates in ischemic vascular disorders of the brainstem]. 335 6

Three patients with Fisher's syndrome had normal MRI scans of the brainstem 6 days, 7 days, and 5 weeks, respectively, after the onset of illness. This further supports a peripheral origin for the ataxia and ophthalmoplegia in this illness and distinguishes it from brainstem encephalitis.
 ...
PMID:Three patients with Fisher's syndrome and normal MRI. 341 8

Progressive, painful ophthalmoplegia developed in a 34-year-old man. MRI scan revealed an enhancing mass in the left cavernous sinus. Histologic examination of resected tumor revealed reticulin staining and cytologic features of hemangiopericytoma. Characteristics of intracranial hemangiopericytoma are reviewed.
 ...
PMID:Painful ophthalmoplegia caused by hemangiopericytoma of the cavernous sinus. 755 Sep 37

We report two sisters (32 and 36 years old) with familial deaf-mutism, progressive external ophthalmoplegia, leukodystrophy and mitochondrial myopathy. T2-weighted brain MRI demonstrated diffuse symmetrical high intensity areas in the white matter. Their muscle biopsies showed ragged-red fibers and cytochrome c oxidase (CCO)-negative fibers. CCO activity in biopsied muscle decreased to about 20% of normal control. They had no deletions of the mitochondrial DNA and no point mutations in mitochondrial tRNA. Their brother was diagnosed as having Kugelberg-Welander disease, grand mal seizures and urinary dysfunction. Their parents and grandparents had consanguinity. Three relatives were found to have deaf-mutism without accompanying ophthalmoplegia. This rare combination of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy and familial deaf-mutism might be caused by a nuclear DNA mutation in these sisters.
 ...
PMID:Familial mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with deaf-mutism, ophthalmoplegia and leukodystrophy. 757 54

An 12-old-year girl with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) complicated with pseudotumor cerebri is presented. She suffered from alternating, recurrent and painful ophthalmoplegia at the age of 8, and bilateral papilledema which did not affect visual acuity was also recognized. THS subsided readily on steroid therapy, and the remission lasted more than 3 years after discontinuing steroid. However, papilledema did not change despite remission of THS, and resulted in optic atrophy with a mildly enlarged scotoma and 10% decrease in visual acuity 6 months after the onset. MRI disclosed slightly contrasted masses in the bilateral enlarged cavernous sinuses and narrowing of the left carotid siphon. Another small mass with partial gadolinium enhancement was revealed adjacent to the left narrowing of the carotid siphon in the optochiasmatic cistern; however, there was no lesion causing intracranial hypertension. The intracavernous MRI findings were considered characteristic of THS, and papilledema seemed to be due to pseudotumor cerebri by exclusion. Since subsequent MRI confirmed no progression of the above findings, the intracavernous and intracisternal masses were suspected to be non-specific inflammatory granulomas associated with THS.
 ...
PMID:Tolosa-Hunt syndrome with pseudotumor cerebri. Report of an unusual case. 757 65


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>