Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029089 (ophthalmoplegia)
 3,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mutations in OPA1, a dynamin-related GTPase involved in mitochondrial fusion, cristae organization and control of apoptosis, have been linked to non-syndromic optic neuropathy transmitted as an autosomal-dominant trait (DOA). We here report on eight patients from six independent families showing that mutations in the OPA1 gene can also be responsible for a syndromic form of DOA associated with sensorineural deafness, ataxia, axonal sensory-motor polyneuropathy, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and mitochondrial myopathy with cytochrome c oxidase negative and Ragged Red Fibres. Most remarkably, we demonstrate that these patients all harboured multiple deletions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in their skeletal muscle, thus revealing an unrecognized role of the OPA1 protein in mtDNA stability. The five OPA1 mutations associated with these DOA 'plus' phenotypes were all mis-sense point mutations affecting highly conserved amino acid positions and the nuclear genes previously known to induce mtDNA multiple deletions such as POLG1, PEO1 (Twinkle) and SLC25A4 (ANT1) were ruled out. Our results show that certain OPA1 mutations exert a dominant negative effect responsible for multi-systemic disease, closely related to classical mitochondrial cytopathies, by a mechanism involving mtDNA instability.
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PMID:OPA1 mutations induce mitochondrial DNA instability and optic atrophy 'plus' phenotypes. 1822 90

Autosomal dominant optic nerve atrophy is the most frequent dominantly inherited optic neuropathy. The main causesof the disease are OPA1 gene mutations, which are detected in about 60% of patients. Encoded by the nuclear genome the OPA1 protein plays an important role in a wide variety of processes crucial to the proper functioning of mitochondria, the role of OPAl in many of them has been discovered recently. A detailed study of patients with mutations in the OPA1 gene has shown that about 20% of them present symptoms of a multiple system disease, which may include hearing loss, progressive external ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, myopathy, peripheral neuropathy, spastic paraparesis and multiple sclerosis-like illness. This clinical manifestation is difficult to differentiate from other neurodegenerative diseases, that is why genetic testing is very important in order to determine the molecular basis of the disease in these patients.
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PMID:[Not only optic neuropathy: new molecular and clinical aspects of OPA1 gene mutations]. 2513 24