Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0029089 (ophthalmoplegia)
 3,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Passive deviation of one eye through 18 degrees, 30 degrees and 42 degrees, achieved by force applied to a sucked-on contact lens, caused the direction of visual targets seen by the other eye to be misjudged in the direction of the passive movement by an amount roughly one-sixth of the angle of passive deviation. The result was the same when the perceived direction was indicated by hand, as when the instant at which a moving target seemed straight ahead was signalled. This result is interpreted by considering that muscular efferents were identical in normal and eye-deviated subjects. The main difference between the two target localization conditions results from the proprioceptor output of the deviated eye. Our data demonstrate that the assessment of the direction of a target seen by an eye that is free to move depends in part on information received by the brain from proprioceptors in the orbit (in our case the contralateral orbit). It would be surprising if the ipsilateral orbit did not contribute as much or more. We therefore consider that this constitutes clear evidence against the pure outflow theory of visual direction judgement (Helmholz, 1867), additional to that provided by the all-or-nothing situation of complete versus incomplete oculomotor paralysis. Two models have previously been proposed to describe the function of the visual localization mechanism. Both assume that the necessary information is derived from the coding of the position of the eye in the orbit, either through a copy of the muscular activation or through eye muscle proprioception. We propose an alternative model in which both afferent and efferent signals from all actively contracted or stretched muscles provide the necessary information to the CNS. The data gathered so far from normal subjects made strabismic with a suction lens, and from a fair proportion of strabismic patients, support our model describing the mechanism of localization of a single punctate target in darkness.
Brain 1990 Dec
PMID:Ocular muscle proprioception and visual localization of targets in man. 227 48

The clinical presentation of metastatic disease to the cavernous sinus includes ophthalmoplegia, pain and sensory deficit along the optic or maxillary branches of the trigeminal nerve. The role of a CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis is discussed. It was found that magnetic resonance imaging is superior to CT scan in demonstrating the cavernous sinus and pontine borders, especially in lymphomatous involvement of these structures.
Tumori 1990 Dec 31
PMID:Metastatic disease of the cavernous sinus: contribution of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging to diagnosis. 228 90

Biochemical and histochemical studies were carried out on 2 patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO). Histological examination revealed prominent ragged-red fibres in the Gomori trichrome stain and cytochrome oxidase staining revealed partial depletion of cytochrome oxidase with negative staining in some fibres with prominent subsarcolemmal mitochondrial aggregations. Polarographic studies with isolated intact skeletal muscle mitochondria revealed low State III respiration rates with NAD- and FAD-linked substrates. Cytochrome aa3 levels were depressed in the one case where a cytochrome difference spectra was recorded. Cytochrome oxidase levels were greatly depressed in muscle homogenate, whereas monoamine oxidase levels were in the normal range, indicating a selective depletion of the former enzyme complex. It is possible that deficiency of cytochrome oxidase may arise as an epiphenomenon in degenerating mitochondria rather than a primary deficiency.
J Neurol Sci 1985 Dec
PMID:Partial cytochrome oxidase (aa3) deficiency in chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Histochemical and biochemical studies. 241 59

We report an unusual case of bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia occurring in association with fourth ventricular dermoid tumor and we review the current literature.
J Clin Neuroophthalmol 1989 Dec
PMID:Bilateral intranuclear ophthalmoplegia associated with fourth ventricular dermoid tumor. 253 Nov 63

A 15-year-old girl presented with rigid spine syndrome (RSS) associated with a myopathy of benign course, marked proliferation of perimysial and endomysial connective tissue, severe scoliosis, and progressive paralysis of upward and lateral gaze. This is the first report of RSS and progressive ophthalmoplegia in the same patient.
Dev Med Child Neurol 1989 Dec
PMID:Rigid spine syndrome and progressive external ophthalmoplegia in a 15-year-old girl. 259 74

Analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in muscle and blood from 72 patients with mitochondrial myopathy showed that 30 had major deletions of a variable proportion of muscle mtDNA. All of these 30 patients presented with progressive external ophthalmoplegia and limb weakness, and 8 had the additional features of the Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Of the 42 patients without detectable muscle mtDNA deletions, 10 had progressive external ophthalmoplegia and limb weakness, 2 had the Kearns-Sayre syndrome, 11 had limb weakness without extraocular involvement, and 19 had multisystem disorders predominantly affecting the central nervous system. Only 2 patients with mtDNA deletions had clinically affected relatives, compared with 10 of those without deletions. In the 4 patients with polarographic defects exclusively involving complex I (NADH coenzyme Q reductase), the deleted protein-coding genes were confined to those for complex I subunits. Thirteen other patients with apparently identical deletions had variable clinical and biochemical features. Immunoblots of complex I polypeptides from patients with deletions were either indistinguishable from controls or showed only a mild generalized decrease in all identifiable subunits.
Ann Neurol 1989 Dec
PMID:Mitochondrial myopathies: clinical and biochemical features of 30 patients with major deletions of muscle mitochondrial DNA. 260 80

A medical history of a 46-year-old male is reported. At 23 years of age, he started having diffuse pain in the left side of his head for up to 30 min once or twice a month. At 28, the pain changed into left-sided cluster headache-like attacks with 2-3 h duration and with ipsilateral conjunctival injection, lacrimation, and rhinnorhea, but with short-lasting free intervals of about two to three weeks. At 36, the pattern of the attacks corresponded to chronic migrainous neuralgia. At 40, the symptoms changed to painful ophthalmoplegia-picture. A left-sided parasellar meningioma was then diagnosed. Removal of the tumor caused complete amelioration. The case history is suggested to support the hypothesis that the cavernous sinus region is involved in cluster headache.
Cephalalgia 1989 Dec
PMID:A case of parasellar meningioma mimicking cluster headache. 261 84

Seven patients with histologically proven mitochondrial myopathy with ophthalmoplegia (OMM), 6 of them nondiabetic, 1 affected by diabetes mellitus (DM), were submitted to a study of glucose tolerance and of insulin receptors on peripheral mononuclear cells and cultured skin fibroblasts. The diabetic patient, who had the typical features of the Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) and deleted muscle mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) presented a low insulin secretion rate under physiological stimuli (intravenous glucose and glucagon) whereas the insulin receptor parameters were found normal. The other patients showed a normal glucose tolerance and normal insulin receptors. Our data support the hypothesis that insulin receptors are not involved in the pathogenesis of DM associated with mitochondrial encephalomyopathies, in contrast to other neuromuscular inherited disorders. The clinical and biological features of DM presented by our KSS patient show normal insulin receptor parameters in spite of a defective insulin secretion, possibly depending on mitochondrial dysfunction.
J Neurol Sci 1989 Dec
PMID:Normal insulin receptors in mitochondrial myopathies with ophthalmoplegia. 261 64

Twelve patients with idiopathic painful ophthalmoplegia were studied by CT, which was found to be normal in 6 patients, but with a high density area in the orbit in the others. This abnormal high density area was not found when CT was performed at a relatively early stage of the disease, but was seen when it was performed more than 1 month after the onset of symptoms. Orbital phlebography was performed in 6 of 12 patients; 3 with normal and 3 with abnormal CT findings. An occlusion of the superior ophthalmic vein was seen in 3 patients with abnormal CT, but not in 3 patients with normal CT. All 12 patients improved with administration of corticosteroids. The results suggest that the intraorbital abnormality revealed by CT may be due to an inflammatory process in the chronic stage and/or the oedematous and infiltrating processes in soft tissues which can be caused by the occlusion of the superior ophthalmic vein or cavernous sinus.
J Neurol 1989 Dec
PMID:Neurological and radiological studies in painful ophthalmoplegia: Tolosa-Hunt syndrome and orbital pseudotumour. 261 88

Two patients had sudden alteration of consciousness followed by fluctuating hypersomnia and bilateral ophthalmoplegia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed asymmetric, paramedian thalamic and midbrain lesions. The clinical and neuroimaging features are consistent with the syndrome of the paramedian thalamic arteries of the basilar communicating artery. These strokes were caused by an embolus to the rostral basilar artery originating from a fibrillating heart. Magnetic resonance imaging clearly delineates the delicate pattern of arterial involvement in mesodiencephalic junction infarctions.
J Clin Neuroophthalmol 1985 Dec
PMID:Syndrome of the paramedian thalamic arteries: clinical and neuroimaging correlation. 293 24


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>