Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029089 (ophthalmoplegia)
 3,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two brothers with congenital myasthenia gravis are described. In both, ptosis and ophthalmoplegia responded poorly to oral anticholinesterase therapy and to thymectomy. The brothers had two different HLA haplotypes and neither had the HLA-A1-B8-DW3 haplotypes which are commonly associated with myathenia gravis in adult-onset cases.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1976 Dec
PMID:Congenital myasthenia gravis: clinical and HLA studies in two brothers. 101 Oct 24

In the light of 3 personally observed cases a description is given of polyradiculitis cranialis or socalled Fisher's syndrome, a separate form of Guillain-Barre-Strohl polyradiculitis. It is a combination of acute ataxia, areflexia and ophthalmoplegia. The cause is probably an immunological reaction to a harmless infectious disease. Reversible or limited demyelination is assumed. The demyelination occurs particularly in the peripheral nerves and their spinal roots, but also in the spinal-cerebellar pathways and possibly in the nuclei of the cranial or optic nerves. Diagnosis is based on detection of "albumino-cytologic dissociation" in the cerebrospinal fluid and the finding of a lesion of the peripheral motor neuron in the EMG. Special drug therapy is unnecessary. The prognosis is good: complete remission is usually observed.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1976 Dec 18
PMID:[Cranial polyradiculitis or the so-called Fisher syndrome]. 101 15

A man with bronchogenic carcinoma lost the ability to elevate his left eye voluntarily. His eyes were level in the primary position and the Bell phenomenon was normal, indicating that the ophthalmoplegia was caused by a supranuclear lesion. Other clinical and radiologic evedence indicated that there was a lesion in the rostral midbrain. A metastatic tumor, found in the right pretectum at autopsy, probably produced the ophthalmoplegia by interrupting axons destined for the superior rectus portion of the homolateral oculomotor nucleus and the interior oblique portion of the contralateral oculomotor nucleus.
Neurology 1975 Dec
PMID:Supranuclear paralysis of monocular elevation. 123 56

We report a patient who rapidly developed unilateral proptosis and complete ophthalmoplegia following blunt trauma to the orbit. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a mass involving the sinuses and orbit with erosion of the cribriform plate. Biopsy of this suspected neoplasm revealed features consistent with allergic Aspergillus sinusitis, but cultures later grew a Bipolaris species. Our review of the literature suggests that when allergic fungal sinusitis involves the orbit, Bipolaris is a more commonly isolated organism than Aspergillus. Additionally, extraocular motility impairment and proptosis occur more frequently than visual loss. Treatment is controversial, but surgical drainage followed by corticosteroids is the most often recommended therapy.
J Clin Neuroophthalmol 1992 Dec
PMID:Bipolaris-induced orbital cellulitis. 128 50

We present the case of a patient with an ipsilateral ophthalmoplegia as the presentation of a traumatic dissection of the internal carotid artery. We hypothesize that the cranial nerves dysfunction occurred because of interruption of the vascular supply to the nerves in the cavernous sinus from the inferolateral trunk of the cavernous carotid artery.
J Clin Neuroophthalmol 1992 Dec
PMID:Ophthalmoplegia as a presenting manifestation of internal carotid artery dissection. 128 53

Defects of the mitochondrial respiratory chain form a clinically and biochemically heterogeneous group of diseases. Mitochondrial diseases include myopathies and multisystem disorders that are defined either by biochemical abnormalities of the mitochondria or by the presence of "ragged red fibers" in muscle-biopsy specimens stained with modified Gomori's trichrome stain. Several syndromes have been identified. Typical Kearns-Sayre syndrome is a sporadic condition that is characterized by an onset before the age of 20, progressive external ophthalmoplegia, pigmentary retinopathy and cardiac disorders. Mitochondrial DNA deletions were found in patient with Kearns-Sayre syndrome. We report the case of a 33 year-old woman, with neuromuscular syndrome of the Kearns-Sayre type, insulin-sensitive diabetes and complete heart block, who was implanted a pacemaker.
Minerva Med 1992 Dec
PMID:[Mitochondrial disease and complete heart block. Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Description of a case]. 130 Apr 76

The masseter and blink reflexes were investigated in 100 patients with internuclear ophthalmoplegia due to multiple sclerosis (58 patients) or lacunar brainstem infarction (42 patients). In unilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia, 38 of 60 patients (63.3%) had masseter reflex abnormalities, two patients (3.3%) showed changes of the blink reflex R1 component, and 13 patients (21.7%) combined alterations of the masseter reflex and the blink reflex R1 component. 46 (86.8%) of these 53 patients with electrophysiological abnormalities had unilateral changes, which were ipsilateral to the medial longitudinal fasciculus lesion in 42 patients (91.3%). In bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia, 24 of 40 patients (60.0%) had abnormalities of the masseter reflex, two (5.0%) showed changes of the blink reflex R1, and nine (22.5%) combined alterations of the masseter reflex and the blink reflex R1 component. 20 (57.1%) of these 35 patients with electrophysiological abnormalities had bilateral changes. Thus, masseter reflex abnormalities indicating midbrain lesions were seen in 63.3% and 60.0%, respectively, of unilateral and bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Blink reflex R1 component changes with or without impairment of the masseter reflex indicating rostral pontine to midpontine lesions occurred in 25.0% and 27.5%, respectively. These figures correspond to the results of postmortem examinations and to theoretical considerations based on the length of the medial longitudinal fasciculus.
Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax 1992 Dec 01
PMID:[Localization of level of lesions in internuclear ophthalmoplegia through assessment of masseter and blink reflex]. 146 69

We report ten cases of dural fistulae of the cavernous sinus treated by the endovascular route. The fistulae were fed by the internal and external carotid arteries. All patients presented with ophthalmic symptoms and/or headache and/or intracranial murmur. Embolization was decided on the ground of all in visual acuity, exophthalmos, ophthalmoplegia or sudden exacerbation of clinical symptoms. It was performed after selective catheterization of external carotid feeders with non-resorbable particles. The shunt was totally occluded in 7 cases, and local signs were improved in all patients: the intracranial murmur disappeared in 2 out of 4 cases and headache was relieved in 2 out of 3 cases. No permanent complication was observed. Among the various possible treatments of these dural fistulae, embolization of branches of the external carotid artery is a simple, effective and safe method, provided its principles and indications are respected.
J Neuroradiol 1992 Dec
PMID:Dural fistulae of the cavernous sinus treated by embolization. Ten cases. 146 78

As a special lecture at the 96th Annual Congress of the Japanese Ophthalmological Society in 1992, we presented experimental and clinical studies on eye movement using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI is more valuable than X-ray CT in defining external muscle anatomy in the orbit in a variety of pathological changes, and is free from the danger of radiation. Cine mode MRI, which was originally developed to observe cardiovascular function, was utilized experimentally for observation of eye movement. We invented two methods to produce a series of photographs. In the first method, "the moving eye method", the subjects were asked to perform 256 or 512 vertical and horizontal eye movements in synchronization with a sound trigger. In the second, "the fixed eye method", the subjects were asked to gaze at individual points in a 5 to 7 point sequence as indicated by the investigator. In both methods MRI data was generated and the resulting series of photographs were observed in cine mode on a television monitor. Displaying the MRI generated photographs in cine mode enables direct observation of the movement of the eye, optic nerve and extraocular muscles within the orbit. The moving eye method was more accurate in its portrayal of the actual movement of the eye, but the large number of eye movements, at least 256 movements, required about 5 minutes, and caused physical and mental fatigue for the subjects. The fixed eye method did not show actual movement of the eye, but was less fatiguing than the former method, and avoided several of its problems. A large number of ophthalmoplegia cases such as abducens palsy, oculomotor palsy, fracture of the orbital wall, foreign bodies in the orbit, Duane's syndrome, endocrine myopathy, esotropia, exotropia, etc., were examined using the fixed eye method of cine mode MRI. Using this technique, anatomical changes, such as atrophy or hypertrophy and the functional state demonstrated by the contraction and relaxation of the extraocular muscles could be investigated. Transposition of the extraocular muscles, an effective treatment for paralytic squint, was reexamined and a new surgical procedure was developed for abducens palsy. The measurement of the length, thickness and weight of the extraocular muscles from the MRI-generated photographs allowed for more accurate analysis. The three dimensional reconstructive method of MRI is very valuable for diagnosis in the orbit and is expected to contribute to future progress.
Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 1992 Dec
PMID:[Eye movement: experimental and clinical study using cine mode MRI]. 148 71

Two patients with left painful ophthalmoplegia, caused by infiltrating lesion in left superior orbital fissure and/or cavernous sinus, subsequently developed left cerebral infarction associated with occlusion of the proximal portion of left internal carotid artery demonstrated by CT and angiogram. It thus is worthy to remind that painful ophthalmoplegia may have the possibility of resulting in cerebral infarction associated with carotid occlusion.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1991 Dec
PMID:Internal carotid artery occlusion in painful ophthalmoplegia. 166 89


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