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Query: UMLS:C0029089 (ophthalmoplegia)
 3,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Voluntary saccades were studied by electro-oculography in ten patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and in eight patients with other types of ophthalmoplegia. Despite limited range of eye movements, maximum velocities of 20 degree and 40 degree saccades in patients with MG were not significantly different from those in normal individuals, whereas maximum velocities in patients with other types of ophthalmoplegia were significantly decreased. In some myasthenic patients, small amplitude saccades were hypermetric and had high velocities, appearing clinically as "quiver" movements characteristic of MG. In MG the preservation of saccades with high initial velocities, even in the presence of severe ophthalmoplegia, suggests that muscle fibers generating rapid movements during saccades (twitch fibers) can be relatively spared when muscle fibers responsible for maintenance of excentric gaze (tonic fibers) are severely affected.
Arch Ophthalmol 1976 Sep
PMID:Rapid eye movements in myasthenia gravis. II. Electro-oculographic analysis. 96 56

The Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome consists of intermittent painful ophthalmoplegia resulting from a non-specific inflammatory process in the cavernous sinus and superior orbital fissure, which responds to steroid therapy. We report two additional cases to the literature of the Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome and we are interested in pointing out the importance of orbital venography in the diagnosis of this syndrome. Orbital venography demonstrates the partial occupation of the cavernous sinus and the lack of visualization of the 3rd segment of the superior ophthalmic vein.
Neurochirurgia (Stuttg) 1976 Sep
PMID:The tolosa-hunt syndrome: report of two cases. 98 Jan 97

Peak angular saccadic velocities were measured during 30 degrees saccades in 18 patients with internuclear ophthalmoplegia who had full or nearly full adduction range, and 25 normal subjects. The following observations were made: 1. In the normal group adduction velocities were significantly faster than abduction velocities and centring movements were faster than decentring movements. 2. In patients with internuclear ophthalmoplegia adduction movements were significantly slower than in normal subjects and were significantly slower than abduction velocities. 3. Abduction velocities in patients with internuclear ophthalmoplegia were significantly slower than abduction velocities in normal subjects. It was concluded that measurements of peak angular velocities during saccades may be useful in detecting internuclear ophthalmoplegia or confirming the presence of suspected internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Slow abduction suggests that many patients with internuclear ophthalmoplegia (60 per cent in this series) have lesions affecting the supranuclear pathways subserving horizontal conjugate gaze.
Br J Ophthalmol 1976 Sep
PMID:Internuclear ophthalmoplegia. An electro-oculographic study of peak angular saccadic velocities. 99 Feb 35

A study of chronic proximal spinal muscular atrophy was undertaken with the main aim of obtaining empirical recurrence risks for genetic counselling. Thirty-eight patients and their families were studied. Of these, 33 had similar clinical features and onset of disease in infancy or childhood. A division of these 33 patients by onset before or after 2 years (which was equivalent to whether or not they ever walked normally) gave recurrence risks for sibs which were higher with early onset. Among the sibs of patients with onset before 2 years, the incidence of disease was 1 in 5, due to most patients having an autosomal recessive disorder. A few patients, however, were thought to represent new dominant mutations. Among the families of index patients with onset after 2 years, the incidence of disease in sibs was only 1 in 15, but among their children it as 1 in 8. Both autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant forms therefore occurred in this age group, but it was concluded that nearly half the patients with onset after 2 had non-genetic motor neuron disease. The autosomal recessive form of chronic spinal muscular atrophy generally had onset before 2 years, but occasionally after 2. About a third of the patients never walked, and about half were in wheelchairs by age 10. No genetic heterogeneity within this form was demonstrated. Three remaining patients had distinctive clinical features associated with their proximal weakness, external ophthalmoplegia in one, dysarthria in another, and joint contractures in a third. Only 2 patients had onset in adult life, one of a probable recessive disorder and the other a probable dominant disorder.
Brain 1975 Sep
PMID:A clinical and genetic study of chronic proximal spinal muscular atrophy. 118 87

The clinical features and investigative findings of 50 patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) were analysed. The group was found to be clinically, genetically and histologically heterogeneous. With the possible exception of patients with "ophthalmoplegia plus," namely those who in addition to muscular weakness had evidence of central and/or peripheral nervous system abnormality, there was no apparent justification for separating out from among the group patients' subgroups which were distinctive enough to be recognized as syndromes. CPEO therefore seems to represent a number of different degenerative disorders whose common denominator is ophthalmoplegia and for which there are to date no adequate criteria for further classification.
Brain 1975 Sep
PMID:Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. 118 88

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) was first recognized as a distinct syndrome by Richardson, Steele and Olszewski roughly a quarter century ago. Subsequent clinical experience has corroborated and enlarged their original observations. PSP has become familiar as a chronic progressive disorder with extrapyramidal rigity, bradykinesia, gait impairment, bulbar palsy, dementia and a characteristic supranuclear ophthalmoplegia. It is a significant cause of parkinsonism and its etiology remains obscure. The case of a patient from Santa Catarina who presented definite clinical evidences of this syndrome is reported. This is the first description in this southern Brazilian State, where at least 50 more patients should exist, if we may extrapolate the prevalence rate of this condition in developed countries to this well developed area of Brazil. A review of the literature was undertaken with emphasis on recent clinical and therapeutic aspects of PSP.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1992 Sep
PMID:[Progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome): report of a case and review of the literature]. 130 17

Mitochondrial myopathies are morphologically characterized by ragged-red fibres (RRF). Serial cross-section revealed that the ragged-red appearance was only focal. This is in agreement with a partial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency in chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO). Since most of these patients show deletions of the mitochondrial genome single fibre analyses were performed determining COX and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in serial muscle sections from two patients with CPEO. High SDH activity was demonstrated in RRF; in contrast COX activity was lower in RRF in a patient, possibly representing a focal assembly of mitochondria with deletions in their genomes. The variation of enzyme activities along the muscle fibre was especially high in RRF. This study presents the first quantitative evidence that enzyme activities vary considerably along fibres in muscle from patients with a mitochondrial myopathy.
Histochemistry 1992 Sep
PMID:Enzyme activity analyses along ragged-red and normal single muscle fibres. 133 Sep 95

Of 315 cases (629 eyes) of surgically confirmed pituitary adenoma, 487 eyes (77.4%) suffered diminished visual acuity, 393 eyes (62.5%) primary optic atrophy and 500 eyes (79.5%) visual field defects. Ophthalmoplegia and papilledema were also observed. The ocular changes and visual prognosis were discussed.
Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 1992 Sep
PMID:[Ocular findings in pituitary adenoma]. 133 89

A 52-year-old case of chronic external ophthalmoplegia accompanied by Oguchi's disease was reported. The patient noticed night blindness and deafness since childhood. Later he developed ocular movement limitation to all directions by the age of 40. He had 20/20 corrected visual acuity and normal anterior segment, as well as normal color vision. Goldmann's perimetry showed generalized constriction of the peripheral field. Golden tapetal reflex without dark adaptation disappeared after 4 hours of dark adaptation, i.e. Mizuo-Nakamura's phenomenon was recognized. Recovery of diminished a and b wave electroretinogram to the subnormal range was also observed after 4 hours of dark adaptation. Rod-cone interaction test revealed a monophasic adaptation, and no suppression to the cones from the rods was observed. This finding was also compatible with Oguchi's disease. ECG revealed incomplete atrio-ventricular as well as right bundle branch blocks. Neurological examination findings were entirely normal other than slight enhancement of deep tendon reflexes in the lower extremities and mixed typed difficulty of hearing. Muscle biopsy of the right medial rectus muscle revealed ragged-red fiber, suggesting mitochondrial abnormalities. Never the less the quadriceps femoris muscle biopsy specimen showed normal histological findings. This is the first case report of progressive external ophthalmoplegia associated with Oguchi's disease. Mitochondrial abnormality was confirmed only in the external ocular muscle. This case may be a variant of Kearns-Sayre syndrome.
Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 1992 Sep
PMID:[A case of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia with Oguchi's disease]. 141 8

To provide reference values for the oculomotor nerve, for example, fascicular area and myelinated fiber (MF) number and size distribution, in pathological states, and to determine whether oculomotor nerves from diabetic patients without a history of oculomotor palsy have subclinical structural alterations, the morphometric features of 15 control subjects and eight diabetic patients were evaluated at a proximal and a distal level. On average the control nerves had a fascicular area of 2.7 mm2, 22,311 MF, and a bimodal diameter distribution with peaks at approximately 5 to 6 and 10 to 11 microns and a range of 2 to 20 microns. In proximal nerve, glial bundles were found in one-half of the subjects and patients, with a peak of MF sizes that differed from fibers in nonglial areas. The nerves from diabetic patients departed from the nerves from control subjects in the following two respects: changed size distribution, suggesting atrophy of fibers, and microfasciculation of edge fibers in parts of the fascicles in one-half of the patients. We conclude that glial bundles are probably a normal variant. Microfasciculation occurred much more frequently in nerves from diabetic patients and may represent subclinical injury of unknown cause. The alteration in size distribution may reflect the diabetic state and is not necessarily a precursor to diabetic ophthalmoplegia.
Ann Neurol 1992 Sep
PMID:Subclinical histopathological changes in the oculomotor nerve in diabetes mellitus. 141 7


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