Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029089 (ophthalmoplegia)
 3,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ten cases of painful ophthalmoplegia are reported. In all cases pain marked the onset of the disease; the condition was mostly unilateral. Recurrence and dramatic response to steroid therapy were more constant features than angiographic findings which may be completely normal. CAT permitted us to eliminate a tumor of the cavernous sinus in 7 cases, but in one case, which was operated, an aggravation followed surgery. Despite complete investigations of all patients, some questions remain unanswered. Is it an inflammatory or an allergic inflammatory process? (And the presence of antinuclear factor in an only case does not permit it to respond.) Why is the process confined to the superior orbital fissure? Mathew and Chandy tried to find a similarity between this syndrome and Bell's palsy although the 2 syndromes have not been shown to coexist. Is the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome comparable to the pseudotumor of the orbit? Although the dura mater is inserted on the border of the sphenoidal cleft, some patients may altern the 2 syndromes.
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PMID:Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. 73 3

To determine the relationship between myoglobin (Mb) and the defense system against reactive oxygen species in various myopathies, we performed immunohistochemical analyses of Mb and various antioxidant enzymes, including manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), copper zinc SOD (CuZn-SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Biopsied muscle specimens were obtained from patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and polymyositis (PM). In patients with CPEO/KSS, stainings of Mb, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px in nonatrophic ragged-red fibers (RRFs) were more intense than those in non-RRFs. These pronounced stainings corresponded to ragged-red lesions. The staining intensities of these antioxidant enzymes were significantly correlated with that of Mb (P < 0.001). Atrophic RRFs in specimens from patients with CPEO/KSS showed intense stainings of these antioxidant enzymes but not intense staining of Mb. In specimens from patients with DMD/PM, the antioxidant enzymes but not Mb were overexpressed in degenerative fibers. These results suggest that oxidative stress is associated with Mb expression specifically in mitochondrial diseases. The antioxidant enzymes seem to be upregulated to protect against muscle damage in nonatrophic RRFs. However, the Mb-mediated oxidative damage may become more extensive and result in further mitochondrial dysfunction and progressive atrophy of RRF with impaired upregulation of Mb.
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PMID:Overexpressions of myoglobin and antioxidant enzymes in ragged-red fibers of skeletal muscle from patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. 1450 21

Alterations in the expression of free radical scavenging enzymes and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tissue cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of mitochondrial diseases such as chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) syndrome. Since the mitochondria with impaired respiratory function in affected tissues generate more ROS via electron leakage, we examined the expression levels of free radical scavenging enzymes in primary culture of muscle fibroblasts of eight patients with CPEO syndrome. The results showed that the enzyme activity and protein levels of Mn-SOD of the fibroblasts from CPEO patients were significantly increased but those of Cu,Zn-SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were not increased compared with controls. A similar pattern was observed in the mRNA levels of Mn-SOD and GPx in muscle fibroblasts of all CPEO patients. The activity ratios of Mn-SOD/catalase and Mn-SOD/GPx in muscle fibroblasts of the CPEO patients were increased 1.7-3.4 and 1.8- to 5.3-fold, respectively, compared to those of the controls. Moreover, by using flow cytometry we found that the production of O2(*-) and H2O2 in the fibroblasts was about 2 times higher than those of controls. The 8-OHdG/dG ratios in total DNA of muscle biopsies from three CPEO patients were much higher than those of age-matched controls as determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the light of these findings, we suggest that the increase in expression of Mn-SOD, ROS production and oxidative damage in affected tissues may play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of the CPEO syndrome.
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PMID:Increased expression of manganese-superoxide dismutase in fibroblasts of patients with CPEO syndrome. 1468 Sep 79

Prognosis in prostate cancer is determined, in greater part, by the presence of metastases. Bone metastases can occur in any part of the skeleton even, for example, at the base of the skull. We present a case of a 78 year old male who, in December 2001, presented with paralysis of the third cranial nerve. The NMR and CAT scans were normal and circulating levels of PSA were elevated. He was referred to the Urology Service where the treatment guidelines included complete androgen block. Subsequently, he developed retro-orbital pain, divergent strabismus and palpebral ptosis. CAT and NMR indicated a soft tissue mass at the sphenoid level. Treatment was Gamma Knife Radio-surgery. Since August 2004, in conjunction with the latest rise in PSA, the patients general status deteriorated considerably and he was referred to the Oncology Service. There was an increase in the paralysis of the third, fourth and sixth cranial nerve (complete left ophthalmoplegia) and left-central facial paralysis. Metastases from prostate cancer can be disseminated via the lymphatic or the blood system. Currently, there are more metastases from large-size tumours. Metastases are critical in prostate cancer because of their adverse effect on the patients survival. Measurements of circulating levels of prostate specific antigen and prostate acid phosphatase are very useful in the clinical diagnosis of the primary tumour, or its metastases.
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PMID:[Ophthalmoplegia in a patient with prostate cancer and bone metastases]. 1623 78