Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029089 (ophthalmoplegia)
 3,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Meningoencephalitic syndrome can be caused by many infective agents. Over a period of 13 years, 15 of 170 cases of neurocysticercosis (NCC) presented as meningoencephalitis. The basis of diagnosis of NCC was positive subcutaneous nodule histopathology (4), CT scan (9) and autopsy (3) findings. The age of the patients ranged from 7-68 years (mean 32). Fever was encountered in 12, altered sensorium in 7, seizures in 10 and abnormal behaviour in 3 cases. All cases had papilloedema. Focal neurological signs included optic atrophy, lateral rectus palsy, hemiplegia, internuclear ophthalmoplegia and cerebellar ataxia. Cerebrospinal fluid was abnormal in 8 of 13 cases, leading to a suspicion of tuberculous meningitis. Twelve patients improved with therapy. Three cases ended fatally and autopsy confirmed the diagnosis.
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PMID:Cysticercal meningoencephalitis. 193 70

The authors report a case of right midbrain and high pons haemorrhage with complete external ophthalmoplegia, except bilateral convergence, voluntary and automatic-reflex abduction of the left eye and adduction of this eye with vestibulo-ocular reflex ("one-and-a-half syndrome"). There is voluntary-automatic dissociation of the eyelids motricity and the vertical gaze. Still, there is sensitive-motor hemiplegia at left and asterixis.
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PMID:[Combined lateral gaze palsy with unilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia in high mesencephalic-pontine hemorrhage. Report of a case]. 360 31

A left ophthalmoplegia and right hemiplegia were due to thrombosis of an intracavernous aneurysm with occlusion of the left internal carotid artery. Ophthalmoplegia with contralateral hemiplegia is probably a rare syndrome. Thrombosis of an intracavernous aneurysm is probably a rare cause of occlusion of the internal carotid artery.
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PMID:Ophthalmoplegia with contralateral hemiplegia. Occlusion of the internal carotid artery due to thrombosis of an intracavernous aneurysm. 381 Jul 38

Operative findings of degenerative changes in pituitary adenomas are not uncommon; however, clinical apoplexy is rare. We report the case of a 43-year-old man who presents a sudden right hemiplegia with aphasia and right ophthalmoplegia, in relation with an ischemic pituitary apoplexy and cerebral vasospasm. A few cases of arterial obstruction or vasospasm associated with pituitary apoplexy have been reported in the literature. Cerebral arterial spasm has also been observed after pituitary surgery. Inclusion of blood or necrotic material in the subarachnoid space seems not to be the only mechanism of vasospasm. The role of hypothalamic dysfunction is considered.
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PMID:[Ischemic pituitary apoplexy and cerebrovascular accident]. 666 2

Migraine can be associated with hemiplegia, ophthalmoplegia, retinal and vertebrobasilar insufficiency, amnesia, confusion, altered perception, stupor and even death. Migrainous complications must be differentiated from structural lesions, metabolic disorders, convulsive states are cerebrovascular thromboembolism. Treatment of complicated migraine is directed toward prophylaxis of vasoconstriction. Agents that produce vasoconstriction, such as ergot preparations, and known migraine precipitants should be avoided in migraineurs.
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PMID:Neurologic complications of migraine. 712 78

Hypertension intracerebral hemorrhages are caused by leakage from small penetrating branches of larger cerebral vessels. In the brainstem, these vessels penetrate in a median, paramedian, and more lateral orientation. As illustrated by three patients reported here, hemorrhage from the lateral vessels may be limited to the lateral tegmentum, or spread to the dorsal basis pontis. The syndrome is relatively consistent and includes (1) ipsilateral conjugate gaze palsy, (2) ipsilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia, (3) small reactive pupils with a smaller pupil ipsilateral to the lesion, (4) limb ataxia of the cerebellar type (often greater ipsilaterally), (5) contralateral hemiplegia, and (6) contralateral severe hemisensory loss. Patients frequently survive after lateral tegmental hemorrhages, which can be diagnosed by CT.
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PMID:Lateral tegmental brainstem hemorrhages. 719 35

Brainstem involvement by Toxoplasma gondii is probably more common than other opportunistic infections, although it has not received adequate attention. Identification of toxoplasmosis is essential, as this condition responds to treatment with a significant increase in life expectancy. During the past 4 years, 366 AIDS patients with central nervous system toxoplasmosis diagnosed by biopsy or improvement following empirical treatment were evaluated. Among them, 8 (7 men, 1 woman; aged 25-55 yr) presented with signs of brainstem dysfunction. Six patients presented with an oculomotor nerve palsy and contralateral hemiplegia; 1 had an additional ipsilateral rubral tremor. The seventh patient had complete external ophthalmoplegia and the eighth had Parinaud's syndrome. Computed tomography revealed enhancing lesions in the brainstem of all patients. Seven responded to treatment with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine.
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PMID:Brainstem toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 818 35

Migraine headaches are relatively common, affecting approximately 5% of all children. Although the differential diagnosis is extensive, a complete history and physical will usually lead to the correct diagnosis without laboratory or radiologic studies for most children. In cases of migraine complicated by neurologic problems, such as hemiplegia or ophthalmoplegia, neuroradiologic studies may be helpful to establish the diagnosis of complicated migraine. Treatment of migraine in children consists primarily of avoidance of triggers, rest, and simple analgesics. Behavior therapy, including relaxation-response training, has been shown to be an effective adjunct in managing both the frequency and intensity of the migraine attack. Use of pharmacologic agents for abortive and prophylactic therapy has not been extensively supported by well-designed, well-controlled research. In general, use of these agents should be restricted to the small group of children with frequent, severe attacks. Sumatriptan, a 5-HT1 receptor agonist, has shown promise in adult patients but future gains in treatment will be achieved only after a better understanding of the cause and pathogenesis of migraine.
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PMID:Pediatric migraine. 925 36

A 32-year-old woman developed chronic progressive hearing impairment, trunkal ataxia, bilateral ptosis and external ophthalmoplegia. She also showed slowly progressive mild to moderate proximal dominant muscle weakness and atrophy. ECG showed incomplete right bundle branch block. An aerobic exercise test showed abnormal blood lactate elevation and muscle biopsy revealed ragged-red fibers in addition to the myopathic change. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA extracted from biopsied muscle and fibroblast samples revealed a 1,758bp deletion from the cytochrome b to ND6 coding regions. Common mutations in tRNALeu(UUR) coding region to the mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) were not present. She was diagnosed as having incomplete Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS). Since the age of 35, she developed complex partial seizure attacks with secondary generalization frequently and at the age of 42, she had a severe generalized seizure with delayed consciousness loss followed by left hemiplegia. MRI showed wide T2-high signal lesions in the right temporo-parieto-occipital area. The proton MR-spectroscopy showed prominent increase of lactate beyond the lesions detected by MRI, indicating diffuse aerobic metabolic dysfunction in the central nervous system. We reviewed two other KSS cases with a stroke like episode, who also had epilepsy and large deletion but no tRNALeu(UUR) mutation, in mitochondrial DNA. Patients with KSS who have seizure may develop the stroke-like episode as seen in MELAS patients.
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PMID:[A case of incomplete Kearns-Sayre syndrome with a stroke like episode]. 940 43

Behcet's disease is a multisystem vasculitis. Its neurologic complications include different syndromes. The purpose of this investigation was to study the prevalence of neurologic manifestations among patients with Behcet's disease and to determine the frequency of different symptoms, signs, and syndromes in neuro-Behcet's disease. Ninety-six consecutive patients who were referred to the Behcet's Disease Clinic in Shiraz (southern Iran) were interviewed and thoroughly examined. Psychiatric evaluation, CSF analysis, electroencephalography, electrodiagnostic studies, and neuroradiologic imaging (preferably MRI) were performed in appropriate cases. Six patients (6.3%) had definite neuro-Behcet's disease. They were 4 males and 2 females (mean age 37.5 years). In 2 patients Behcet's disease had not been diagnosed before. The most frequent symptoms of neuro-Behcet's disease were headache (83.3%), paresthesia (83.3%), unsteadiness (66.7%), diplopia (66.7%), and weakness (50%). The most frequent signs were gait abnormalities (66.7%), sensory abnormalities (66.7%), ophthalmoplegia (50%), cerebellar ataxia (50%), and hemiplegia (50%). The most common syndrome was brain-stem+ type (50%). Subacute onset and relapsing-remitting course were the most common temporal patterns. Neurological manifestation is a relatively less frequent complication of Behcet's disease but it produces severe disabilities. It must be considered in differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
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PMID:Neuro-Behcet's disease: a masquerader of multiple sclerosis. A prospective study of neurologic manifestations of Behcet's disease in 96 Iranian patients. 1264 28


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