Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0029089 (ophthalmoplegia)
 3,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One-and-a-half syndrome is characterized by combination of the clinical features of unilateral horizontal gaze palsy and internuclear ophthalmoplegia. The common symptoms are double vision and oscillopsia. The lesion is located in the paramedian pontine reticular formation, involving the centre of horizontal gaze and medial longitudinal fasciculus. More extensive brainstem damage may result in additional neurological signs. The most frequent underlying diseases are vascular insults, multiple sclerosis, and brainstem tumor. We present two cases of one-and-a-half syndrome. Both patients had lacunar infarction in the paramedian pontine tegmentum, revealed by MRI. The first patient had isolated eye movement disorder, while the second had additional nuclear-type facial paresis. In the first case brainstem evoked potentials indicated brainstem damage, in the second patient it was normal. Ocular symptoms improved within some days in both patients.
 ...
PMID:One-and-a-half syndrome--two cases. 1819 96

One-and-a-half syndrome is a clinical disorder featuring extraocular movements characterized by horizontal conjugate gaze palsy with internuclear ophthalmoplegia. It usually results from a unilateral lesion of the midbrain, and the most common cause of this syndrome in young women is multiple sclerosis. We report the case of a 38-year-old woman diagnosed as having acute myeloblastic leukemia presenting with characteristic neurologic and imaging features of one-and-a-half syndrome. Hyperleukocytosis, cancer procoagulants, tissue factor expression, and the increased proteolysis of coagulation factors by leukemic cells may all contribute to the propensity for thrombotic vascular occlusion. The optimal treatment of acute brain infarction in acute leukemia patients with hyperleukocytosis remains unclear. However, this patient illustrates that leukapheresis alone can provide rapid and effective relief of visual symptoms without neurologic sequela. To achieve better outcomes and survival, clinicians must maintain a heightened awareness of this distinctly unusual manifestation.
 ...
PMID:Acute myeloid leukemia presenting as one-and-a-half syndrome. 1841 Aug 25

Horizontal eye movements are conducted by the medial rectus and the lateral rectus muscles, which are innervated by the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III) and the abducens nerve (cranial nerve VI), respectively. The oculomotor and the abducens nuclei are interconnected by a tract in the brainstem named the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF). Through the MLF, the actions of the oculomotor and the abducens nuclei are coordinated, generating conjugate horizontal eye movements. The disorders of horizontal eye movement that are caused by brainstem lesions are classified into three groups: (a) lateral gaze palsy, (b) internuclear ophthalmoplegia, and (c) one-and-a-half syndrome. Lateral gaze palsy is caused by a lesion involving the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) or the abducens nucleus. Internuclear ophthalmoplegia occurs as a result of a lesion involving the MLF. One-and-a-half syndrome is a combination of lateral gaze palsy and internuclear ophthalmoplegia and is caused by a lesion involving both (a) the ipsilateral PPRF or the ipsilateral abducens nucleus and (b) the ipsilateral MLF. The pathologic lesions depicted on magnetic resonance images were topographically well correlated with the brainstem pathways and each type of horizontal eye movement disorder. Most of the lesions were tiny acute infarctions and were found in the most posterior region of the pons, which corresponded to the location of the brainstem pathways. Therefore, awareness of the brainstem pathways controlling horizontal eye movement is important to avoid missing a small pontine lesion.
 ...
PMID:Brainstem pathways for horizontal eye movement: pathologic correlation with MR imaging. 2332 26

One-and-a-half syndrome is a syndrome characterized by horizontal movement disorders of the eyeballs, which was first reported and named by Fisher in 1967. It presents a combination of ipsilateral conjugate horizontal gaze palsy (one) and ipsilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) (a half). On the basis of the one-and-a-half syndrome, there are a series of related rare syndromes called the one-and-a-half syndrome spectrum disorders. This article reviews rare cases of one-and-a-half syndrome spectrum disorder, describes the clinical and pathological features of different syndromes, and summarizes their nomenclature.
 ...
PMID:One-and-a-half syndrome with its spectrum disorders. 2931 74