Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029089 (ophthalmoplegia)
 3,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ocular myasthenia gravis may mimic any pupil-spared, painless, nonproptotic ophthalmoplegia with or without ptosis. This review references recent papers regarding clinical features, diagnostic techniques, and treatment for ocular myasthenia gravis.
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PMID:Ocular myasthenia gravis. 1016 51

Ocular myasthenia can mimic central disorders of eye movements. We compared horizontal saccades in two patients with myasthenia gravis who presented as pseudo-internuclear ophthalmoplegia (pseudo-INO), two patients with true INO due to multiple sclerosis (MS), and five healthy subjects. In myasthenics, peak velocity of horizontal saccades was similar to, or greater than, controls; in MS patients, adducting saccades were slower than controls. Differences between the peak velocity of abducting and adducting eyes for each saccade were similar to controls for myasthenic pseudo-INO, but greater than controls for true INO. Using the technique of phase-plane analysis, in which eye velocity is plotted against eye position, we found that initial components of abducting and adducting saccades in the myasthenics were as conjugate as controls, even though later components of myasthenic saccades were highly and variably disjunctive. Conversely, phase planes of saccades in true INO showed disjunctive early components of abducting and adducting saccades. Two hypotheses have been offered to account for preservation of fast saccades despite reduced range of eye movements in ocular myasthenia. The first is intrasaccadic neuromuscular fatigue, which is variable over time. Our finding that initial components of saccades were consistently conjugate in the myasthenics gives support to a second hypothesis: selective sparing of pale global fibers, which are important for generating highspeed eye movements, and which are unique amongst extraocular fibers in possessing well developed synaptic folding.
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PMID:Ocular myasthenia revisited: insights from pseudo-internuclear ophthalmoplegia. 1771 27

Ocular myasthenia is a form of myasthenia gravis in which weakness is restricted to the ocular muscles and may produce significant visual disability. Patients present with fluctuating ptosis, diplopia, or a combination of both. Examination may show any type of ocular motility deficit ranging from isolated muscle palsy to complete ophthalmoplegia. Cogan lid twitch, enhanced ptosis, peek sign, and saccadic fatigue are specific examination findings that support the clinical diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. Confirmation of the diagnosis is challenging with autoantibody serology, and repetitive nerve stimulation studies are often negative.
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PMID:Ocular Myasthenia. 2965 47