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Query: UMLS:C0029089 (ophthalmoplegia)
 3,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Presented is a rare case of cavernous sinus thrombosis of nasal septic origin leading to ophthalmoplegia and blindness of the ipsilateral eye and contralateral visual field involvement. An attempt is made to correlate the aetiopathology with the clinical features.
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PMID:Cavernous sinus thrombosis with Jacod's triad. 208 71

Two young Arab women presented with a very rapid loss of vision, ophthalmoplegia, florid papilledema, areflexia of the lower limbs, and normal mentation. Lumbar puncture pressure was above 60 cm H2O, but no intracranial structural lesion was found in either patient. An exhaustive evaluation as to an etiology was negative in both. Under continuous lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage and administration of steroids, furosemide, and acetazolamide, both patients had significantly improved vision and ocular movement. In both, lumboperitoneal shunting was considered but only one eventually underwent this procedure. These two patients with pseudotumor cerebri are unique in their fulminant clinical course and severely increased intracranial pressure. Virtually inevitable blindness was prevented by timely intervention.
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PMID:Malignant pseudotumor cerebri. Report of two cases. 276 95

Ophthalmoplegia and blindness caused by squamous cell carcinoma were reported in a cat. Unilateral functional deficits of cranial nerves II, III, IV, and VI and of the sympathetic nerve supply caused blindness, complete ophthalmoplegia, and Horner syndrome. Radiography and computed tomography revealed a proliferating bony lesion associated with the right tympanic bulla, right temporal bone, right side of the mandible, and left frontal bone. A focal area of bony destruction involved the right sphenoid bone. The cat was euthanatized and necropsied. Squamous cell carcinoma was identified invading the bones and rostral part of the right side of the skull. The tumor had extended through the sphenoid bones into the region of the cavernous sinus and had surrounded the cranial nerves passing through this region. It also had invested connective tissue surrounding the optic nerves and had invaded the right globe through the lamina cribrosa. This represents an unusual distribution for ocular cranial squamous cell carcinoma in a cat.
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PMID:Squamous cell carcinoma causing blindness and ophthalmoplegia in a cat. 279 81

A 48-year-old male developed fever and sore throat while in Spain and was admitted to hospital, dehydrated, ketotic, pyrexial, and with a blood glucose of 35 mmol/l. Despite treatment with intravenous fluids, insulin, cephalosporin, potassium and bicarbonate he returned to Britain 7 days later, underhydrated and acidotic, though euglycaemic. His face was discoloured, there was painless nasal and maxillary swelling, oral candidiasis, and he went on to develop ophthalmoplegia and sudden blindness. Staphylococcus albus and mycelial fungus were isolated, the latter was identified as Mucor hiemalis, but despite treatment with amphotericin B co-ordinated with radical maxillary-facial surgery he died 31 days after the initial symptoms. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is a recognized complication of ketoacidosis which is rarely reported in the UK. The organism invades arteries aggressively, therefore radical therapy must be started early to prevent the high mortality.
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PMID:Fatal rhinocerebral mucormycosis in newly diagnosed diabetic. 295 Nov 84

The orbital apex syndrome is a very rare complication of fractures of the facial skeleton, as well as other conditions and is characterized by blindness, fixed dilated pupils, proptosis, ptosis of the eye and ophthalmoplegia. We are reporting such a case we had the opportunity of treating.
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PMID:Orbital apex syndrome. 311 66

Prior to the antibiotic (AB) era, cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) was almost uniformly fatal. AB therapy has significantly reduced mortality, but additional treatment with anticoagulants (AC) has remained controversial. We reviewed our experience with seven cases, as well as the literature since Lyons' 1941 introduction of AC treatment, to determine effectiveness, complications, and morbidity among survivors. We divided the cases into (1) those treated with AB alone, and (2) those treated with a combination of AB and AC. We found no conclusive evidence for reduction of mortality when AC was used in combination with AB. However, early AC therapy reduced morbidity (blindness, stroke, ophthalmoplegia, hypopituitarism, focal seizures, and vascular steal syndrome), whereas delayed or inadequate use provided no apparent benefit above AB therapy alone. Complications of AC therapy were rare; cerebral venous thrombosis occurred frequently, but in association with dural sinus thrombosis as a direct result of the disease. We conclude that AC therapy is indicated early in the treatment of CST to reduce morbidity among survivors.
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PMID:The role of anticoagulation in cavernous sinus thrombosis. 328 Oct 56

A case is presented of a 22-year-old man with a history of bilateral eye injection, lacrimation, and rhinorrhea. The right orbit was inflamed and its globe proptotic, with medial and lateral gaze deficits. Tomography revealed swelling about the right lacrimal gland. He was admitted and treated with high-dose steroids, which caused regression of his symptoms. This presentation and response to steroids is pathognomonic for acute pseudotumor of the orbit, a condition rarely described in the emergency medicine literature. If left untreated, pseudotumor of the orbit may progress to blindness and ophthalmoplegia.
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PMID:Acute pseudotumor of the orbit. 342 20

Orbital cellulitis secondary to adjacent paranasal sinusitis presents with marked proptosis, ophthalmoplegia, eyelid edema, chemosis, and/or conjunctival hyperemia. These conditions often precede visual dysfunction. "Posterior" orbital cellulitis secondary to sphenoethmoidal sinusitis may be defined as the clinical syndrome in which early severe visual loss overshadows or precedes accompanying inflammatory orbital signs. The visual loss may be attributed to involvement of the intracanalicular or orbital apical segment of the optic nerve. Total irreversible unilateral visual loss developed in three patients with this syndrome. Severe visual loss was preceded by diplopia in one patient and by bilateral eyelid edema in another. One patient with chronic panparanasal sinusitis with acute visual loss presented with isolated optic disc edema. Proptosis and ductional restriction subsequently developed. The irreversible blindness in these cases may be due to a combination of intracanalicular edema and vasculitis causing optic nerve infarction.
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PMID:Acute severe irreversible visual loss with sphenoethmoiditis-'posterior' orbital cellulitis. 382 9

The ophthalmological changes in two patients with Erdheim-Chester disease are described. These consist of exophthalmos, ophthalmoplegia, xanthelasma, optic disc swelling, blindness due to optic atrophy, retinal striae, and bilateral enhancing orbital masses on CT scan. The clinical and histopathologic findings of Erdheim-Chester disease are reviewed and the manifestations in two patients with orbital change are presented. This is believed to be the first report describing the ophthalmological manifestations of Erdheim-Chester disease. Our observations support the view that Erdheim-Chester disease is unrelated to the histiocytosis X group.
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PMID:Orbital manifestations of Erdheim-Chester disease. 667 81

It appears that more than a hundred cases of trigeminal neurinomas have hitherto been reported, but massive extracranial extension of a benign neurinoma into the sphenoid sinus and soft part tissue of the neck is unusual. A 36-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic with complaints of left blindness, vertigo and left nasal stuffiness. Neuroradiological examinations, including plain craniography, angiography and CT, showed a huge mass which destroyed the left middle fossa and extended into the left sphenoid sinus and soft part tissue of the neck. On December 14, 1978, left fronto-temporal craniotomy was carried out, and intracranial portion of the tumor was removed, leaving its extracranial portion intact. Pathological examination revealed benign neurinoma. The postoperative course was uneventful except temporary left total ophthalmoplegia. It was emphasized that, to obtain cure for trigeminal neurinoma, early diagnosis is extremely important, and, for this purpose, CT, including coronal one, was considered to be one of the most useful examinations.
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PMID:[Trigeminal neurinoma with massive extracranial extension, report of a case (author's transl)]. 738 62


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