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Query: UMLS:C0029089 (ophthalmoplegia)
 3,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report two cases of complete ophthalmoplegia occurring during surgical section of the homolateral vidian nerve for chronic nasal obstruction due in one case to hypertrophic rhinitis and in the other to nasal polyposis. In both cases, whilst there was more or less complete regression of the oculomotor paralyses, unilateral amaurosis persisted as a permanent sequela. This paper is published with the aim of drawing attention to the possibility of complications which are out of proportion with the initial symptomatic discomfort and which may occur whatever the surgical approach used since one of the operations was performed via a pure endonasal approach whilst the other was transmaxillary. In both cases there was no damage to the orbit during surgery and the most likely pathogenesis would appear to be a reflex aciton.
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PMID:[Two cases of total ophthalmoplegia after section of the vidian nerve (author's transl)]. 50 43

Three cases of histologically verified neurinomas of the oculomotor nerve are reported. The preoperative diagnosis in all three cases was not made; on the contrary all cases were diagnosed as sphenoid ridge meningiomas. The oculomotor neurinoma manifests itself in the beginning with a discrete progressive palsy of the oculomotor nerve leading in later stages to complete ophthalmoplegia. Proceeding the oculomotor nerve paresis or going parallel to it is a functional loss of the homolateral optic nerve sometimes progressing to amaurosis. Unilateral exophthalmos as well as frontal or orbital neuralgic pain with or without sensory disorders in the area of trigeminus-I are characteristic for the clinical picture in later stages, all symptoms characteristic for the syndrome of the apex orbitae, resp. the superior orbital fissure, resp. the anterior cavernous sinus. The differential diagnosis has to consider above all the sphenoid ridge meningioma, the trigeminal neurinoma and the numerous tumors within the cavernous sinus (aneurysmas, meningiomas, chondromas, metastases of carcinomas, pituitary adenomas etc.) or the middle cranial fossa. Plain X-ray, carotid angiogram and computer tomogram are essential diagnostic means for localization and extension of the tumor but not for histological diagnosis. Oculomotor neurinomas are very seldom. The three observed cases did not have any relation to a possible generalized neurofibromatosis.
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PMID:[Neurinoma of the oculomotor nerve (author's transl)]. 65 Dec 44

Orbital pseudotumor is an inflammatory lesion with increased orbital mass and a typical rapid onset. It is very uncommon in children. Diagnosis is difficult and there is no uniform procedure. Two patients with different forms of this entity are presented, and their clinical symptoms and CT and ultrasonographic features are discussed. We found the CT and US findings to be important for the differential diagnosis. Therefore, these diagnostic modalities should be applied immediately on the onset of typical clinical symptoms, because the condition can result in ophthalmoplegia and amaurosis if not treated at once.
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PMID:[Pseudotumor of the orbit in pediatrics. Diagnostic imaging]. 200 51

Acute enlargement of pituitary adenomas due to haemorrhage or ischaemic necrosis in the tumour was described as "pituitary apoplexy" by Brougham et al. in 1950. Since then, more than 200 cases have been reported, but--especially in the German literature--the syndrome has caught only little attention. Therefore, in a series of 12 own patients, typical findings and clinical characteristics are demonstrated and the literature is discussed. 9 patients had a haemorrhage into the tumour, 3 an acute ischaemic necrosis. The guiding symptom was the acute onset with ophthalmoplegia (11 of 12 patients). Only in one case the adenoma was known before the apoplexy. Other symptoms were headache, blurred vision, drowsiness and, in severe cases, hemiparesis, coma, and hypothalamic disorder. Most important is the acute endocrinological substitution with hydrocortisone; this may be life-saving. Neuroophthalmological recovery depends on early operation: cases of oculomotor palsy require an operation within the first 2 weeks after the acute event. An emergency operation is required only by an acute amaurosis. In general there will be enough time for careful clinical endocrinological and radiological investigations.
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PMID:[Acute hemorrhage and ischemic necroses in hypophyseal tumors: hypophyseal apoplexy]. 259 99

Among 123 Nigerians with migraine seen at one clinic 49 (40%) had complicated migraine, with ophthalmoplegia in 20 and amaurosis or field defects in 13. Haemoglobin AS was found in 60% of patients with complicated migraine, compared with 20% of those with simple migraine.
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PMID:Complicated migraine and Haemoglobin AS in Nigerians. 503 86

The technique of the transethmoidal-transsphenoidal approach to the pituitary gland is described stepwise. The importance of a thorough preoperative radiological work-up and a preoperative X-ray image-intensifying control is outlined. The greatest disadvantages of the transethmoidal route are the extra-axial approach and the external scar. The greatest advantages are the shorter route than in the transseptal approach, the absence of endonasal complications and the minimal postoperative discomfort. In the own patient material consisting of 26 patients where a pituitary adenoma was removed, we noted no mortality, no meningitis and no endonasal complications. There were two cases of postoperative C.S.F. leak and one case of amaurosis and ophthalmoplegia of the heterolateral eye.
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PMID:The transethmoidal-transsphenoidal route to the pituitary gland. Technique, advantages, limitations and possible complications. 667 May 32

The unexplained rare cases of amaurosis and ophthalmoplegia after videctomy can be explained by the rare anomalous origin og the a. ophthalmica from the a. meningea media instead of a. carotis interna.
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PMID:[An attempt at explaining ophthalmoplegia and amaurosis following videctomy (author's transl)]. 723 Oct

The case of a 28-year-old male affected by intracranial tuberculous arachnoiditis with unusual aspects is reported. The patient presented bilateral amaurosis and complete ophthalmoplegia with intrinsic muscle sparing in both sides. The routine laboratory findings showed only persistent leucocytosis and a Mantoux test of 10 mm. Several radiologic studies of the lungs were always normal. The spinal fluid, tomography of the cranial base and carotid angiography were normal. The diagnosis was made by histologic study after craniotomy.
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PMID:[Intracranial tuberculous arachnoiditis: report of a case]. 728 2

The incidence, pathophysiology, symptoms, differential diagnosis and treatment of ophthalmoplegic and retinal migraines are reviewed. We describe three cases: one recurrent, painful ophthalmoplegia alternating between the III and VI nerves, one recurrent migraine associated with internal ophthalmoplegia, and one migraine with visual aura and retinal infarction. In our review we emphasize their infrequency (ophthalmoplegic migraine, 0.7 per million; retinal migraine 0.5-7% of migraines with aura), their uncertain pathophysiology and the possibility of causing permanent oculomotor or visual deficits. Differential diagnoses, including all causes of painful ophthalmoplegia and amaurosis fugax are discussed, with special attention to the difficulty of differentiating Tolosa-Hunt syndrome and forms without headache.
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PMID:[Ophthalmoplegic and retinal migraines]. 964 38

The case report concerns about a 53 years old lady with Rendu-Osler-Weber disease, who was referred to our Department with the orbital apex syndrome after embolization of the internal carotid artery (ICA) due to repeating epistaxis. Immediately after the surgical procedure concerning the left-sided ICA, the patient complained about sharp hemicrania and pain of the ipsilateral eye, and diminished vision as well. The neurological and ophthalmologic examinations found decreased vision and limited movement of the eyeball on the left side. The patient was handed over to our Department inpatient care after one week after the surgery with clinically expressed syndrome of the left orbital apex--amaurosis, ptosis, total ophthalmoplegia, and protrusion of the eyeball. During the stay in the hospital, the progression of scotomas of the visual field with remaining concentric visual field on the right side (i.e. contralateral to the procedure) was found. The central vision of the right eye remained 20/20. The patient was treated by means of corticosteroids systemically as well as locally. The signs gradually subsided; during the control stay in hospital after three weeks after the surgery, the movements were limited in the far periphery only; slight ptosis and internal ophtalmoplegia remained; no protrusion of the eyeball was present; the amaurosis of the left eye remained permanent. In the visual field of the right eye, the concentric restriction disappeared and slight depression in the nasal half of the visual field remained only.
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PMID:[Ophthalmic complications after the embolization of the internal carotid artery--a case report]. 1898 75


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