Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0029089 (ophthalmoplegia)
 3,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Orbital pseudotumor is an inflammatory lesion with increased orbital mass and a typical rapid onset. It is very uncommon in children. Diagnosis is difficult and there is no uniform procedure. Two patients with different forms of this entity are presented, and their clinical symptoms and CT and ultrasonographic features are discussed. We found the CT and US findings to be important for the differential diagnosis. Therefore, these diagnostic modalities should be applied immediately on the onset of typical clinical symptoms, because the condition can result in ophthalmoplegia and amaurosis if not treated at once.
 ...
PMID:[Pseudotumor of the orbit in pediatrics. Diagnostic imaging]. 200 51

Orbital myositis implies orbital inflammation confined to one or more of the extraocular muscles. Orbital computerised tomography (CT) demonstrates irregular extraocular muscle enlargement which extends anteriorly to involve the tendon (muscle insertion). Six cases of presumed orbital myositis are reported, in each of whom the diagnosis was suspected clinically and confirmed by the orbital CT scan appearances. The mean age of the patients was 33 years (range 8-45 years). All presented with painful ophthalmoplegia and the majority manifested proptosis (five cases), conjunctival congestion (five cases) and periorbital and eyelid edema (two cases). Systemic corticosteroid therapy was used in two patients initially and also in another patient who relapsed, with rapid and dramatic responses. Extraocular muscle biopsy was performed in one case, disclosing features of non-specific muscle inflammation and no evidence of vasculitis. It is considered that orbital myositis is a discrete, identifiable subgroup within the spectrum of the nonspecific idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndromes; termed previously orbital 'pseudotumours'. Although the clinical features are frequently suggestive, they are nonspecific, and non-invasive investigations such as orbital ultra-sonography and CT scanning are required for precise anatomical tissue localisation and diagnosis. The role of ocular muscle biopsy is probably limited to atypical cases, or those unresponsive to steroid therapy, particularly to exclude neoplasia. Orbital myositis may be acute, subacute or recurrent. The acute form responds well to high doses of oral corticosteroids tapered gradually, but it may recur or become chronic. The subacute form of the disease responds less well.
 ...
PMID:Orbital myositis: a study of six cases. 332 76

Orbital myositis is a subgroup of the nonspecific inflammatory syndrome or orbital pseudotumor and is characterized by a primary inflammation of extraocular muscles. The authors describe a 70-year-old patient with acute proptosis, ocular pain and right ophthalmoplegia, whose orbital computed tomographic scan showed enlargement of the homolateral extraocular muscles. Clinical presentation and complementary tests were compatible with the diagnosis of orbital myositis however, because of the particular aspects, which included retinal central vein occlusion, optic nerve lesion, distension of the superior ophthalmic vein and the homolateral cavernous sinus, the differential diagnosis with cavernous sinus pathology and thyroid ophthalmopathy was considered. The importance of a rapid diagnosis and treatment is stressed.
 ...
PMID:[Orbital myositis]. 944 84

A 63-year-old woman experienced two episodes of trismus and painful ophthalmoplegia at an interval of six years. She suffered left visual loss, and enhanced CT scan and MR imaging revealed heterogeneous enlargement of the left extraocular muscles extending to the orbital apex. In addition, the left pterygopalatine fossa was filled with a mass isointense with muscle without evidence of surrounding tissue invasion; 67Ga scintigraphy showed high uptake in this lesion. Steroid administration dramatically resolved the trismus, and the mass in the orbit and extraorbit vanished completely. Orbital pseudotumor is characterized by self-limited, relapsing, steroid-responsive painful ophthalmoplegia, and this case could be a variant of this entity with inflammation extending into the extraorbital area.
 ...
PMID:Recurrent steroid-responsive trismus and painful ophthalmoplegia. 1054 39

External ocular muscle palsies in patients with ophthalmic zoster are traditionally interpreted as diseases of III, IV or VI cranial nerves. Orbital myositis associated with zoster ophthalmicus has been diagnosed only rarely. We describe a patient with ophthalmic zoster and external ophthalmoplegia due to ocular myositis demonstrated by MR imaging. Treatment with acyclovir and cortisone resulted in a rapid improvement of the ophthalmoplegia. In ophthalmic herpes zoster associated with external ocular muscle palsies, ocular myositis is an important differential diagnosis to inflammatory involvement of the cranial nerves III, IV, and VI.
 ...
PMID:External ophthalmoplegia due to ocular myositis in a patient with ophthalmic herpes zoster. 1521 Jan 67

Orbital pseudotumor, also known as idiopathic orbital inflammation, is a benign, idiopathic, noninfectious, and nonneoplastic clinical syndrome with an inflammatory mass within the orbit and no identifiable cause. This disease is rare in the pediatric population, especially in very young children. In this article, the authors describe a 2-year-old girl who was presented with right eye ptosis, near-complete ophthalmoplegia, decreased visual acuity, and pupillary changes. She recovered completely with high-dose steroid therapy. The authors review the literature and discuss the diagnostic implications and treatment strategies.
 ...
PMID:Childhood orbital pseudotumor: case report and literature review. 1819 46

Orbital myositis (OM) is a rare disease whose clinical heterogeneity and different treatment options represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We aim to review the state of knowledge on OM, also describing a cohort of patients diagnosed in our centre, to highlight some remarkable clinical features. A literature review was conducted in PubMed and Medline databases. The herein described cohort is composed of seven OM patients, diagnosed according to clinical, laboratory and neuroradiological features, whose clinical data were retrospectively analysed. OM is a non-infectious, inflammatory process primarily involving extraocular eye-muscles. It typically presents as an acute to sub-acute, painful ophthalmoplegia with signs of ocular inflammation, but atypical cases without pain or with a chronic progression have been described. The wide range of OM mimicking diseases make a prompt diagnosis challenging but orbit MRI provides valuable clues for differential diagnosis. Timely treatment is greatly important as OM promptly responds to steroids; nevertheless, partial recovery or relapses often occur. In refractory, recurrent or steroid-intolerant cases other therapeutic options (radiotherapy, immunosuppressants, immunoglobulins) can be adopted, but the most effective therapeutic management is yet to be established. In this review, we provide a detailed clinical description of OM, considering the main differential diagnoses and suggesting the most useful investigations. In light of the currently available data on therapy efficacy, we propose a therapeutic algorithm that may guide neurologists in OM patients' management.
...
PMID:"Orbiting around" the orbital myositis: clinical features, differential diagnosis and therapy. 2647 21