Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029089 (ophthalmoplegia)
 3,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Multiple sclerosis is a disease of the central nervous system whose clinical manifestations include animportant group of ocular pathologies, e.g., unilateral retrobulbar neuritis, uveitis, decreased visual function, nystagmus, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, diplopia, optic papillitis and Marcus Gunn pupil. Additionally, it is not generally appreciated that bitemporal hemianopia, usually associated with tumors of the optic chiasm, may also result from multiple sclerosis. Since most of a patient's life is spent in the remission phase of the disease, it is important for the practitioner to recognize the ocular findings present during this period. Additionally, studies have shown that such patients lead longer and more productive lives than most practitioners realize, and often have prolonged periods of remission. While the onset of the disease may present with ocular symptoms, such as loss of vision or diplopia, the patients tend to recover and retain relatively good function for many years.
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PMID:The ocular manifestations of multiple sclerosis. 59 46

Two cases of unilateral uveitis which appeared in association with chickenpox are presented. In one of them internal ophthalmoplegia was seen. Possible pathogenic mechanisms are discussed. The unusual cycloplegia which was present in one case can be caused by viral lesion to the ciliary nerves.
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PMID:Uveitis and ophthalmoplegia complicating chickenpox. 60 40

We document the case of a young woman with bilateral internal ophthalmoplegia and subsequently tonic (Adie's) pupils, corneal epitheliopathy, and uveitis due to human parvovirus B19 infection. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of ocular complications of this virus.
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PMID:Tonic pupils and human parvovirus (B19) infection. 165 42

We studied 39 blind painful eyes in 39 patients who were treated with retrobulbar injection of absolute (96%) alcohol for their severe ocular pain at the King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital from January 1984 to January 1987. There were 21 (54%) male and 18 (46%) female patients; all were followed for at least three months. The protracted ocular pain was mainly due to: end-stage (absolute) glaucoma in 31 (80%) eyes, uveitis or endophthalmitis in four (10%) eyes, or corneal ulcer in two (5%) eyes. One eye had painful phthisis bulbi, and one eye had infraorbital neuralgia. The complications encountered were transient and included blepharoptosis in eight (21%) eyes, external ophthalmoplegia, and corneal epithelial defect. The effective time of the injection to relieve pain ranged from two weeks to two years (mean, 29 weeks). The authors believe that there is still a place for retrobulbar alcohol injection for blind painful eyes when enucleation or evisceration is not possible.
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PMID:Retrobulbar alcohol injection in blind painful eyes. 170 80

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous DNA virus of the herpesvirus genus with a high prevalence rate for antibody (about 90%) in the adult population. It is the most common causative agent of infectious mononucleosis syndrome. During recent years an increasing number of ocular disease entities have been reported to be linked to EBV infection. These entities include oculoglandular syndrome, conjunctivitis, dry eye, keratitis, uveitis, choroiditis, retinitis, papillitis and ophthalmoplegia. While EBV-specific serologic tests can now document recent and past primary infection with EBV and also identify patients manifesting atypical immunologic reactions to EBV, the lack of an animal model, the absence of clear-cut response to therapy and the paucity of documentation by culture render the pathogenesis uncertain or the association questionable in many of these cases.
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PMID:Ocular disease associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. 217 61

In a retrospective review, the eye symptoms of 17 children (mean age: 13 1/2 years) who had definite multiple sclerosis (Poser's criteria) and 15 who had probable multiple sclerosis over the last 18 years were evaluated. Follow-up varied from 3 weeks to 6 years. Of 94% of children (16 of 17) with ophthalmologic symptoms, 47% (8 of 17) presented with an initial disturbance of vision. Twelve children had optic neuritis, 1 progressive uveitis, and 4 brainstem symptoms (i.e., VIth nerve palsy, 1 1/2 syndrome, internuclear ophthalmoplegia). Four children had cerebellar signs (nystagmus, saccadic pursuit). In 4 children, clinical localization was less specific. Recovery was generally good in most of the children; cerebellar problems were most persistent. Multimodal potentials were more helpful for investigation of optic neuritis and cerebellar lesions than for brainstem lesions. In the cohort of probable multiple sclerosis of 15 children, 11 had eye symptoms (5 with neuromyelitis optica, 4 optic neuritis, 1 internuclear ophthalmoplegia, and 1 cerebellar symptoms). Ophthalmologic symptoms are slightly more frequent in children with multiple sclerosis than in adults and should be specifically investigated to establish the diagnosis.
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PMID:Eye problems in children with multiple sclerosis. 761 86

We report a 62-year-old woman who was admitted to our hospital because of abrupt onset of ptosis, and alternating and recurrent bilateral external ophthalmoplegia in a short period without pupillary sphincter muscle abnormality. She had been suffering from uveitis of unknown origin for four years before admission, which was improved with the local administration of steroid. Her brain CT and MRI showed a parasellar mass lesion, and cerebral angiography revealed total occlusion of the right internal carotid artery with little arteriosclerotic change in other blood vessels. She was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis because of elevated serum creatinine kinase and lysozyme levels, and the pathological finding of granuloma in muscle biopsy. The oral administration of prednisolone resulted in disappearance of her external ophthalmoplegia completely in ten months. We postulate that in this patient, the alternating and recurrent external ophthalmoplegia in a short period was related to ischemic neuropathy caused by vascular lesion of neurosarcoidosis.
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PMID:[Neurosarcoidosis with an alternating and recurrent external ophthalmoplegia]. 950 75

We report a rare instance of favorable outcome in orbital apex syndrome secondary to herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patient. The patient complained of pain and decrease in vision in one eye (20/640) for 2 weeks accompanied with swelling, inability to open eye, and rashes around the periocular area and forehead. The presence of complete ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, relative afferent pupillary defect, and anterior uveitis with decreased corneal sensation prompted a diagnosis of HZO with orbital apex syndrome. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test and a low CD4 count confirmed HIV. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), systemic acyclovir, and systemic steroids were started. Visual acuity and uveitis improved within 10 days. By the end of the fourth week, ocular motility also recovered and the final visual acuity was 20/25. We highlight the role of HAART, used in conjunction with systemic steroid and acyclovir therapy, in improving the outcome.
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PMID:A rare case of orbital apex syndrome with herpes zoster ophthalmicus in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient. 2095 40

Herein, we report a case of nasal natural killer T-cell lymphoma (NKTL) with intraocular involvement. A 57-year-old woman was referred due to a three-day history of photophobia and diplopia in the left eye. One-month previously, she was diagnosed with nasal NKTL of the right nasal cavity. Ophthalmic examination revealed conjunctival injection and ptosis. The left pupil was fully dilated and non-reactive to light. Ocular motion was restricted on left-upper gaze. Five days later, anterior uveitis developed and persisted despite topical steroid treatment. An orbital magnetic resonance imaging was without specific findings, however, ophthalmoplegia, vitreous opacity, and an iris mass were observed. A diagnostic anterior chamber aspiration was performed. Aqueous humor aspiration revealed 35% morphologically atypical lymphocytes. After an intravitreal triamcinolone injection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were administered; this resolved the uveitis and iris mass. When refractory uveitis or orbital pseudotumor occurs in patients with nasal NKTL, ocular and orbital involvement of the NKTL should be considered.
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PMID:Intraocular involvement of a nasal natural killer T-cell lymphoma: a case report. 2232 87

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous chronic disease of unknown etiology with a wide range of clinical presentations. Diagnosis of sarcoidosis in patients with ocular manifestations can be challenging. We first describe a case of sarcoidosis presented with pulmonary involvement and both uveitis and internuclear ophthalmoplegia as ocular manifestations. A 55-year-old caucasian woman with non-productive cough and weakness presented with bilateral granulomatous anterior uveitis. Few days later, the patient presented again complaining of horizontal diplopia due to internuclear ophthalmoplegia. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis was made as a result of clinical examination and systemic investigations. Particularly, high-resolution computed tomography scanning of the chest was able to identify bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy not previously detected by chest X-ray. Biopsy confirmed diagnosis showing classic non-caseating granulomas.
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PMID:Uveitis and internuclear ophthalmoplegia as ocular manifestations of sarcoidosis. 2994 90


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