Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0029089 (ophthalmoplegia)
 3,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors begin by enumerating the various syndromes in which painful ophthalmoplegia may be observed (sphenoidal fissure syndrome, Collier's syndrome, syndromes involving the orbital apex, the cavernous sinus and parasellar syndromes; Raeder's syndrome, Gradenigo's syndrome and Fischer-Brugge syndrome). They then discuss the various causes that must be investigated in all cases of painful ophtalmoplegia. They consider in order: -- ophtalmoplegia due to general causes (especially diabetes) and neurological causes (e.g. multiple sclerosis); -- ophtalmoplegia due to common local canses space-occupying processes, vascular malformations, ear, nose and larynx infections); -- painful ophalmoplegia of unknown origin, which includes four entities of very differing importance (Gubler and Charcot's ophthalmoplegic migraine and Tolosa-Hunt syndrome of which the clinical symptoms and course are so different that they can be distinguished as two entities; and, secondarily, inflammatory pseudo-tumours of the orbit and the recurrent multiple cranial nerve palsies that are observed in South-East Asia). (Acta nurol. belg., 1977, 77, 331-350).
 ...
PMID:[Painful ophthalmoplegia (author's transl)]. 2 45

The early components of the auditory evoked responses (waves I-V) have been studied in 30 patients with multiple sclerosis. There were abnormalities in 22 patients. All patients with an internuclear ophthalmoplegia and half those with no detectable brainstem abnormality had abnormal responses, although none was clinically deaf.
 ...
PMID:Auditory evoked responses in multiple sclerosis. 4 77

The most common causes of internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) are multiple sclerosis and vascular disease of the brain stem. Rarer causes are tumor, Arnold-Chiari malformation, and syphilis. Myasthenia gravis has, on occasion, presented with ocular abnormalities indistinguishable from INO. A case is described of bilateral INO of brief duration following head trauma. There were no other brain-stem abnormalities. This brings to 11 the number of reported patients in whom head trauma precipitated this abnormality.
 ...
PMID:Internuclear ophthalmoplegia following head injury. Case report. 47 39

In the reported case unilateral external ophthalmoplegia developed in a young woman, with concomitant pain and anaesthesia in the area innervated by the 1st branch of the trigeminal nerve. After ruling out an expanding lesion of the central nervous system, aneurysm, diabetes, myasthenia, multiple sclerosis and other diseases dexamethasone was administered in a total dose of 30 mg. Complete clinical remission was achieved. In the light of observations and a survey of the peritinent literature it has been accumed that the disease was caused by a non-specific process in the small vessels in the vicinity of the cavernous sinus.
 ...
PMID:[Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (ophthalmoplegia dolorosa)]. 52 41

The effect of head position on conjugate horizontal gaze was studied in healthy adults, in patients with multiple sclerosis without eye movement signs, and in patients with downbeat nystagmus indicative of low brain stem lesions. Displacements of gaze from primary position to 30 degrees left and right were recorded using the electro-oculogram, with the head in the primary position, and turned voluntarily to the left and right (in yaw). The quality of eye movements was noted and peak velocities of saccades were measured. The head turning test trebled the incidence of abnormal eye movements found in the multiple sclerosis patients and increased it by tenfold in the patients with downbeat nystagmus. Disorders of eye movement were also found in approximately 20--30% of healthy subjects tested. Weakness of abduction was the most common eye movement defect and appeared to be posterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia. A hypothesis is made which unifies the theoretical explanations of anterior and posterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia. The most likely cause of the disorders of eye movement observed is vertebrobasilar ischaemia induced by stretching and compression of the vertebral arteries during eccentric head posture.
 ...
PMID:Eccentric head positions reveal disorders of conjugate eye movement. 59 79

Multiple sclerosis is a disease of the central nervous system whose clinical manifestations include animportant group of ocular pathologies, e.g., unilateral retrobulbar neuritis, uveitis, decreased visual function, nystagmus, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, diplopia, optic papillitis and Marcus Gunn pupil. Additionally, it is not generally appreciated that bitemporal hemianopia, usually associated with tumors of the optic chiasm, may also result from multiple sclerosis. Since most of a patient's life is spent in the remission phase of the disease, it is important for the practitioner to recognize the ocular findings present during this period. Additionally, studies have shown that such patients lead longer and more productive lives than most practitioners realize, and often have prolonged periods of remission. While the onset of the disease may present with ocular symptoms, such as loss of vision or diplopia, the patients tend to recover and retain relatively good function for many years.
 ...
PMID:The ocular manifestations of multiple sclerosis. 59 46

Saccades (horizontal and vertical) and dissociated nystagmus were quantitatively assessed in four patients with internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Two patients had bilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) lesions associated with multiple sclerosis and two had unilateral lesions associated with brain stem vascular disease. Adducting saccades made on the side of an MLF lesion were slowed in each patient (P less than .01). At the same time, abducting saccades in the contralateral eye had normal velocity, but consistently overshot the target. After the overshoot, the eye returned to the target with an exponentially decaying course. With large angular deviations (usually more than 15 degrees), the abducting eye developed nystagmus characterized by slow components that moved toward the midposition with an initially high velocity followed by a segment of slower velocity. The adducting eye had either no nystagmus or a low-amplitude nystagmus characterized by a rounded junction between the fast and slow component. The saccade abnormalities and waveform of the dissociated nystagmus can be explained by a pulse-step mismatch at the agonist motoneurons.
 ...
PMID:Internuclear ophthalmoplegia. I. Saccades and dissociated nystagmus. 66 4

In a patient with atypical bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia the optokynetic test and the ocular dysmetria test detected an infraclinical bilateral lag of adduction. The optokinetic test showed amplitude asymmetry of nystagmus, which was larger in both eyes when the fast phase was in abduction. The ocular dysmetria test showed in both eyes that saccades were slower in adducting than abducting saccades: the latters overshooted and showed transient nystagmus. Since bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia is often indicative of multiple sclerosis, these tests are particularly helpful in those patients who otherwise would require more complex diagnostic investigations.
 ...
PMID:[Optokynetic and ocular dysmetria tests in the diagnosis of atypical internuclear ophthalmoplegia (author's transl)]. 75 5

Five patients with internuclear ophthalmoplegia had horizontal saccades measured by electro-oculography. In all patients, abduction saccadic velocities were normal while adduction saccades were slowed either binocularly or monocularly. In one patient, adduction saccades were reduced in velocity, even though full adduction was present. Saccadic velocity measurements may be helpful in diagnosing internuclear ophthalmoplegia, especially in the early or subclinical case. As bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia frequently suggests multiple sclerosis, prolonged examination with more sophisticated and difficult diagnostic tests is avoided.
 ...
PMID:Saccadic velocity measurements in internuclear ophthalmoplegia. 125 53

The masseter and blink reflexes were investigated in 100 patients with internuclear ophthalmoplegia due to multiple sclerosis (58 patients) or lacunar brainstem infarction (42 patients). In unilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia, 38 of 60 patients (63.3%) had masseter reflex abnormalities, two patients (3.3%) showed changes of the blink reflex R1 component, and 13 patients (21.7%) combined alterations of the masseter reflex and the blink reflex R1 component. 46 (86.8%) of these 53 patients with electrophysiological abnormalities had unilateral changes, which were ipsilateral to the medial longitudinal fasciculus lesion in 42 patients (91.3%). In bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia, 24 of 40 patients (60.0%) had abnormalities of the masseter reflex, two (5.0%) showed changes of the blink reflex R1, and nine (22.5%) combined alterations of the masseter reflex and the blink reflex R1 component. 20 (57.1%) of these 35 patients with electrophysiological abnormalities had bilateral changes. Thus, masseter reflex abnormalities indicating midbrain lesions were seen in 63.3% and 60.0%, respectively, of unilateral and bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Blink reflex R1 component changes with or without impairment of the masseter reflex indicating rostral pontine to midpontine lesions occurred in 25.0% and 27.5%, respectively. These figures correspond to the results of postmortem examinations and to theoretical considerations based on the length of the medial longitudinal fasciculus.
 ...
PMID:[Localization of level of lesions in internuclear ophthalmoplegia through assessment of masseter and blink reflex]. 146 69


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>