Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029089 (ophthalmoplegia)
 3,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 1949, amphetamine sulfate was replaced by propylhexedrine in the nasal decongestant agent Benzedrex because of psychosis, sudden death, and widespread abuse. Propylhexedrine is not without risks, and reported cases of psychosis, myocardial infarction, pulmonary vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension, and sudden death are well documented in the medical literature. We are reporting 2 cases of definite brainstem dysfunction and 5 cases of transient diplopia secondary to IV abuse of Benzedrex. This widely abused drug is prepared by heating Benzedrex and hydrochloric acid, and the resulting crystals are dissolved in water for injection. This agent is called "stove-top speed". All 7 patients had transient diplopia, within seconds after injection. One patient had evidence of a right-internuclear ophthalmoplegia, and another had a depressed right gag reflex and paralysis of the right half of the tongue. The deficits in these two patients, persisted for many months. In young adults with history of drug abuse, the IV use of Benzedrex should be considered in the differential diagnosis of transient or permanent focal brainstem deficits.
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PMID:Intravenous abuse of propylhexedrine (Benzedrex) and the risk of brainstem dysfunction in young adults. 287 25

The aim of the present review was to summarize and discuss previous findings concerning renal manifestations of primary mitochondrial disorders (MIDs). A literature review was performed using frequently used databases. The study identified that primary MIDs frequently present as mitochondrial multiorgan disorder syndrome (MIMODS) at onset or in the later course of the MID. Occasionally, the kidneys are affected in MIDs. Renal manifestations of MIDs include renal insufficiency, nephrolithiasis, nephrotic syndrome, renal cysts, renal tubular acidosis, Bartter-like syndrome, Fanconi syndrome, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, nephrocalcinosis, and benign or malign neoplasms. Among the syndromic MIDs, renal involvement has been most frequently reported in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes syndrome, Kearns-Sayre syndrome, Leigh syndrome and mitochondrial depletion syndromes. Only in single cases was renal involvement also reported in chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, Pearson syndrome, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, coenzyme-Q deficiency, X-linked sideroblastic anemia and ataxia, myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia, pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, growth retardation, aminoaciduria, cholestasis, iron overload, lactacidosis, and early death, and hyperuricemia, pulmonary hypertension, renal failure in infancy and alkalosis syndrome. The present study proposes that the frequency of renal involvement in MIDs is probably underestimated. Diagnosis of renal involvement follows general guidelines and treatment is symptomatic. Thus, renal manifestations of primary MIDs require recognition and appropriate management, as they determine the outcome of MID patients.
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PMID:Renal manifestations of primary mitochondrial disorders. 2851 8