Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029089 (ophthalmoplegia)
 3,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 56-year-old black man had annular visual field defects and retinal electrophysiologic dysfunction with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and no pigmentary abnormalities in the fundus. Because the association of retinal disease with neurodegenerative states has generally been based on the observation of pigmentary changes, the patient's fields were erroneously interpreted as the nerve fiber bundle defects of glaucoma.
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PMID:Retinal degeneration without pigment alterations in progressive external ophthalmoplegia. 84 43

Ocular complications occur in about 50% of cases of ophthalmic zoster. They include inflammatory reactions of the eyelid, conjunctivitis, scleritis, keratitis, iridocyclitis, secondary glaucoma, optic neuritis, internal ophthalmoplegia, ocular motor palsies and exophthalmos. Very dangerous complications are a concomitant facial paralysis and a neuroparalytic keratitis. Then a tarsorrhaphy should be done in time. An ophthalmologist should be consulted, when the side of the tip of the nose presents vesicles (Hutchinson's rule).
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PMID:[Ocular complications in ophthalmic zoster (author's transl)]. 107 72

We studied 39 blind painful eyes in 39 patients who were treated with retrobulbar injection of absolute (96%) alcohol for their severe ocular pain at the King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital from January 1984 to January 1987. There were 21 (54%) male and 18 (46%) female patients; all were followed for at least three months. The protracted ocular pain was mainly due to: end-stage (absolute) glaucoma in 31 (80%) eyes, uveitis or endophthalmitis in four (10%) eyes, or corneal ulcer in two (5%) eyes. One eye had painful phthisis bulbi, and one eye had infraorbital neuralgia. The complications encountered were transient and included blepharoptosis in eight (21%) eyes, external ophthalmoplegia, and corneal epithelial defect. The effective time of the injection to relieve pain ranged from two weeks to two years (mean, 29 weeks). The authors believe that there is still a place for retrobulbar alcohol injection for blind painful eyes when enucleation or evisceration is not possible.
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PMID:Retrobulbar alcohol injection in blind painful eyes. 170 80

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus was seen in 22 cases out of 195 cases of herpes zoster (11.3% incidence). It was affecting mainly adults (90.9%). Oedema over the lids (81.8%) was invariably present and lead to ptosis. Mucopurulent conjunctivitis, predominantly mucoid (72.7%) was the commonest manifestation associated with vesicles over the lid margins. Sectorial (22.7%) and diffuse (9.1%) episcleritis appeared in later part of first week, while nodular episcleritis was observed in one case only on 12th day of the disease. Nummular keratitis was seen in 31.8% of cases between 8-10 days. Iritis and iridocyclitis was seen in 45.4% of cases out of which 36.3% had secondary ocular hypertension (glaucoma). Neuroparalytic keratitis and internal ophthalmoplegia were detected in one patient each. Postherpetic neuralgia occurred in 22.7% of cases and was uncommon in younger age group (below 40 years, 4.5%). Carbamazepine was effective in relieving the herpetic pain.
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PMID:Clinical profile of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. 174 74

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita is a birth defect characterized by multiple joint deformities and sometimes associated with various other congenital anomalies. There have been several reported cases of miscellaneous ocular abnormalities in conjunction with this syndrome. We report the first case of congenital ophthalmoplegia as well as juvenile onset glaucoma associated with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. This case represented a unique therapeutic dilemma in that it was extremely difficult to surgically treat the patient's glaucoma because of her severe restrictions of ocular motility.
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PMID:Ophthalmologic findings associated with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita: case report and review of the literature. 209 78

Carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) is an abnormal communication between the cavernous sinus and the carotid arterial system. A CCF can be due to a direct connection between the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus, or a communication between the cavernous sinus, and one or more meningeal branches of the internal carotid artery, external carotid artery or both. These fistulas may be divided into spontaneous or traumatic in relation to cause and direct or dural in relation to angiographic findings. The dural fistulas usually have low rates of arterial blood flow and may be difficult to diagnose without angiography. Patients with CCF may initially present to an ophthalmologist with decreased vision, conjunctival chemosis, external ophthalmoplegia and proptosis. Patients with CCF may have predisposing causes, which need to be elicited. Radiological features may be helpful in confirming the diagnosis and determining possible intervention. Patients with any associated visual impairment or ocular conditions, such as glaucoma, need to be identified and treated. Based on patient's signs and symptoms, timely intervention is mandatory to prevent morbidity or mortality. The conventional treatments include carotid ligation and embolization, with minimal significant morbidity or mortality. Ophthalmologist may be the first physician to encounter a patient with clinical manifestations of CCF, and this review article should help in understanding the clinical features of CCF, current diagnostic approach, usefulness of the available imaging modalities, possible modes of treatment and expected outcome.
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PMID:Carotid cavernous fistula: ophthalmological implications. 2014 62

The purpose of this study was to describe a patient of orbital apex syndrome, anterior uveitis, secondary glaucoma, corneal dellen, and necrotizing scleritis following an attack of herpes zoster ophthalmicus, and the placement of a pericardial patch graft. A 64-year-old male patient with blepharoptosis of his right eye and multiple vesicles on the forehead, nose and cheeks, limitation on all gazes, blepharoptosis, and exophthalmia was eventually diagnosed with ophthalmic zona with orbital apex syndrome. After the treatment with systemic antiviral and steroid, there was complete recovery of the unilateral vesicular eruption, ophthalmoplegia, and ptosis at the third month follow-up. However, anterior uveitis, necrotizing scleritis, secondary glaucoma, and corneal dellen developed during follow-up. At the ninth month, pericardial patch graft (Tutoplast) was placed due to progression of the scleral thinning. Graft vascularization was completed. Careful and long-term follow-up of patients with ophthalmic zona is required for possible ophthalmic complications of varicella zoster virus infections. A pericardial patch graft might be placed due to the development of necrotizing scleritis.
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PMID:A Rare Patient With Orbital Apex Syndrome, Anterior Uveitis, and Necrotizing Scleritis Due to Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus. 2800 10

The clinical significance of disturbed mitochondrial function in the eye has emerged since mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation was described in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. The spectrum of mitochondrial dysfunction has become apparent through increased understanding of the contribution of nuclear and somatic mtDNA mutations to mitochondrial dynamics and function. Common ophthalmic manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction include optic atrophy, pigmentary retinopathy, and ophthalmoplegia. The majority of patients with ocular manifestations of mitochondrial disease also have variable central and peripheral nervous system involvement. Mitochondrial dysfunction has recently been associated with age-related retinal disease including macular degeneration and glaucoma. Therefore, therapeutic targets directed at promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and function offer a potential to both preserve retinal function and attenuate neurodegenerative processes.
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PMID:Mitochondrial disorders and the eye. 2853 74