Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0029089 (ophthalmoplegia)
 3,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A syndrome of combined right lateral gaze palsy and right internuclear ophthalmoplegia, followed by a left exotropia in a case of subarachnoid hemorrhage is presented. At necropsy a single small pontine end-zone infarction was found, involving the medial part of the right paramedian pontine reticular formation, the tectospinal tract and the ventral part of the right medial longitudinal fasciculus. The fila radicularia of the right abducens nerve passed through the necrotic area. The mechanism of these characteristic ocular motor disturbances in relation to the post mortem findings and the topopathogenesis of the pontine infarction are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Paralytic pontine exotropia in subarachnoid hemorrhage. A clinicopathological correlation. 123 38

As a special lecture at the 96th Annual Congress of the Japanese Ophthalmological Society in 1992, we presented experimental and clinical studies on eye movement using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI is more valuable than X-ray CT in defining external muscle anatomy in the orbit in a variety of pathological changes, and is free from the danger of radiation. Cine mode MRI, which was originally developed to observe cardiovascular function, was utilized experimentally for observation of eye movement. We invented two methods to produce a series of photographs. In the first method, "the moving eye method", the subjects were asked to perform 256 or 512 vertical and horizontal eye movements in synchronization with a sound trigger. In the second, "the fixed eye method", the subjects were asked to gaze at individual points in a 5 to 7 point sequence as indicated by the investigator. In both methods MRI data was generated and the resulting series of photographs were observed in cine mode on a television monitor. Displaying the MRI generated photographs in cine mode enables direct observation of the movement of the eye, optic nerve and extraocular muscles within the orbit. The moving eye method was more accurate in its portrayal of the actual movement of the eye, but the large number of eye movements, at least 256 movements, required about 5 minutes, and caused physical and mental fatigue for the subjects. The fixed eye method did not show actual movement of the eye, but was less fatiguing than the former method, and avoided several of its problems. A large number of ophthalmoplegia cases such as abducens palsy, oculomotor palsy, fracture of the orbital wall, foreign bodies in the orbit, Duane's syndrome, endocrine myopathy, esotropia, exotropia, etc., were examined using the fixed eye method of cine mode MRI. Using this technique, anatomical changes, such as atrophy or hypertrophy and the functional state demonstrated by the contraction and relaxation of the extraocular muscles could be investigated. Transposition of the extraocular muscles, an effective treatment for paralytic squint, was reexamined and a new surgical procedure was developed for abducens palsy. The measurement of the length, thickness and weight of the extraocular muscles from the MRI-generated photographs allowed for more accurate analysis. The three dimensional reconstructive method of MRI is very valuable for diagnosis in the orbit and is expected to contribute to future progress.
 ...
PMID:[Eye movement: experimental and clinical study using cine mode MRI]. 148 71

The authors present an account of a comprehensive two-stage solution of divergent paralytic strabismus in ophthalmoplegia without marked affection of the upper eyelid. In the first stage they implement a free technique retroposition of the external rectus muscle by 6.5 mm and myectomy of the internal rectus by 10-12 mm. In the second stage they supplement the surgical procedure by transposition of the superior oblique muscle according to Scott's method. In five children with unilateral paresis of the IIIrd nerve mere transposition improved hypertropia by a maximum of 5 degrees and exotropia by a maximum of 10 degrees.
 ...
PMID:[The Scott method of superior oblique muscle transposition in ophthalmoplegia]. 152 92

A 35-year-old female with pyoderma gangrenosum developed paraparesis with a sensory level at L1. Three months later she complained of diplopia and was found to have bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia with exotropia and no ocular convergence. The term Webino syndrome has been coined to design this set of neuro-ophthalmologic findings. Although it was initially attributed to lesions affecting the medial longitudinal fasciculus and the medial rectus subnuclei of the oculomotor complex in the midbrain the exact location of the lesion is still disputed. In the present case both myelopathy and Webino syndrome were probably due to vascular occlusive disease resulting from central nervous system vasculitis occurring in concomitance to pyoderma gangrenosum.
 ...
PMID:Wall-eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (Webino syndrome) and myelopathy in pyoderma gangrenosum. 209 99

A 56 year-old man presented with vertigo and the right sided weakness. Neurological examination revealed a lethargic man with good orientation to three spheres. His neck was supple. He had anisocoria, the right pupil being larger than the left by 1.5 mm with sluggish light reaction bilaterally. He had exotropia of the right eye in primary gaze. The abduction of both eyes were full with terminal horizontal nystagmus. The adduction of both eyes were quite limited in each eye. He had a limited upward gaze with poor convergence. These were interpreted as the syndrome of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) bilaterally. He had a depressed gag reflex on the right side with tongue deviation to the right. He had a mild weakness of the right side limb and also had the right sided hemihyperesthesia including his face to pain and temperature. Twenty four hours after the onset, the left brachial angiography revealed a complete occlusion of the rostral portion of the basilar artery without visualization of the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries bilaterally. CT scans three days after the onset revealed a low density area in the mid pons with extension rostrally up to the mesencephalon. Four days later he became quadriplegic with bilateral horizontal gaze palsy. No more internuclear ophthalmoplegia is noted on both sides. The midline location of the MLF in the pons, and the separate blood supplies by different paramedian branches of the basilar artery, form the anatomical explanation for the frequent unilaterality of vascular and bilaterality of demyelinating lesions. Bilateral MLF syndrome has been considered almost pathognomonic of multiple sclerosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia in association with basilar artery occlusive disease]. 235 Sep 28

A 24-year-old female developed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia with exotropia and loss of convergence, in association with a tuberculous granuloma situated in the midline midbrain at the level of the third ventricle. We labeled this case Webino (after Martin Lubow), and to our knowledge, this is the first reported case occurring in association with an intraparenchymal tuberculous granuloma.
 ...
PMID:Tuberculosis granuloma in the midbrain causing wall-eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (Webino). 315 86

The authors discuss internuclear ophthalmoplegia associated with non-paralytic pontine exotropia of the contralateral eye. Impairment of the posterior oculogyric tract in its protuberantial segment, resulting in oculographic signs of alteration in the contralateral continuation. Seems to be responsible for the exotropia.
 ...
PMID:[Internuclear ophthalmoplegia and non-paralytic pontine exotropia]. 367 93

A 26-year-old man developed transient bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia with exotropia after cranial irradiation and intrathecal administration of methotrexate for lymphoma. Resolution of the ophthalmoplegia and the decrease in abnormally high levels of cerebrospinal fluid myelin basic protein after discontinuation of intrathecal medication suggested demyelination from chemotherapy and irradiation.
 ...
PMID:Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia after intrathecal chemotherapy and cranial irradiation. 617 39

Five patients with "locked-in" syndrome and dysconjugate palsy of horizontal gaze were studied. In all cases internuclear ophthalmoplegia due to dysfunction or destruction of the median longitudinal fasciculus was combined with an ipsilateral gaze palsy, producing the "one-and-a-half" syndrome. Clinical and electro-oculographic examination suggested involvement of the paramedian pontine reticular formation when all ipsilateral saccades were abolished, when exotropia of the contralateral eye was present, and when vestibular stimulation showed full conjugate deviation to the damaged side. Involvement of the abducens nucleus was suggested when the palsy of ipsilateral gaze was not dissociated on vestibular stimulation. In three cases these clinical deductions were confirmed by the pathological study, which showed a corresponding destruction of the median longitudinal fasciculus, paramedian pontine reticular formation and abducens nucleus. In one case the one-and-a-half syndrome evolved into a total horizontal gaze palsy, which corresponded to involvement of the abducens nucleus contralateral to the initially destroyed paramedian pontine reticular formation. Vertical oculocephalic response disappeared, because of destruction of the median longitudinal fasciculus on both sides (bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia). Patients with the locked-in syndrome provide a unique situation in which complex pontine oculomotor disturbances may be studied, because consciousness is preserved. In these patients, dissociated and dysconjugate oculomotor palsy may have been underestimated.
 ...
PMID:One-and-a-half syndrome in ischaemic locked-in state: a clinico-pathological study. 648 86

A case of left internuclear ophthalmoplegia combined with downbeat nystagmus and right incyclorotatory nystagmus on left downward gaze, left exotropia and skew deviation is presented. All signs subsided completely within about 3 months after the onset of the disease. The etiology was possibly of vascular origin. The potential site of the lesion causing these oculomotor signs is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Internuclear ophthalmoplegia associated with ipsilateral downbeat nystagmus and contralateral incyclorotatory nystagmus. 665 84


1 2 3 4 Next >>