Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029089 (ophthalmoplegia)
 3,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis developed in two poorly controlled diabetic patients with clinical manifestations of frontal headache, ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, proptosis, epistaxis and facial numbness. Early computed tomography (CT) of the head revealed fluid accumulation in paranasal sinuses. The diagnosis of this disease relied upon CT of the head, and biopsy or culture of the mucosa of sinuses. Remarkable improvement was noted following prompt surgical debridement and amphotericin-B therapy. We conclude that early diagnosis and aggressive treatment is the only way to save patient's life.
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PMID:Rhinocerebral mucormycosis: report of two cases. 217 26

Six personal cases of mucocele of the sphenoidal sinus are reported, and 124 cases from the literature are reviewed. Sphenoidal sinus mucocele is a benign and rare lesion which has long been unrecognized. Clinical features include fronto-orbital pain, oculomotor palsies, loss of visual acuity, exophthalmos and anosmia. Our series is of particular interest since four of our six patients presented with endocrine disorders. Recent advances in neuroradiological methods should rapidly lead to the correct diagnosis. Treatment consists of aspiration and drainage of the mucocele via a trans-sphenoidal approach. The results are good, and ophthalmoplegia usually subsides. In our experience, endocrine disorders do not always respond to treatment. The prognosis of sphenoidal sinus mucocele depends on the preoperative duration of the loss of visual acuity.
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PMID:Mucoceles of the sphenoidal sinus. Report of six cases and review of the literature. 225 Jan 80

Graves' ophthalmopathy occurs in 2% to 7% of patients with Graves' disease with the major manifestations being proptosis, ophthalmoplegia, optic neuropathy and/or eyelid retraction. Although autoimmune in nature, the precise pathophysiology is unknown. The course of the ophthalmopathy is not influenced by the mode of treatment of the hyperthyroidism. In addition to restoration of the euthyroid state, the aims of treatment include relief of eye pain, correction of extraocular muscle dysfunction, protection of visual acuity and improvement of appearance. Specific therapy depends on the severity of the ophthalmopathy and varies from lubricating eye drops in mild disease to high-dose steroids and radiotherapy or decompressive surgery in severe cases.
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PMID:Graves' ophthalmopathy--a clinical review. 226 Nov 68

The case of a young woman with giant cell polymyositis is described. She had bilateral, severe, midly painful proptosis and ophthalmoplegia. Extensive pharyngeal, laryngeal, and cardiac muscle involvement occurred 18 months later coincident with fatal cardiac arrhythmia. At autopsy, extensive muscle necrosis and giant cells were noted in extraocular, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and cardiac muscle with only minimal involvement of other striated muscles.
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PMID:Bilateral orbital involvement in fatal giant cell polymyositis. 232 30

A patient is described with an orbital varix arising from the right superior ophthalmic vein, associated with ophthalmoplegia and severe pain, and without proptosis. The varix was detected using computerized tomography and orbital phlebography, and at surgery was verified as a venous aneurysm. During the operation, a pearly phlebolith was found. Histological examination of the varix revealed multiple ectatic venous channels. The etiology of this unusual clinical manifestation and the treatment of the patient are briefly discussed.
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PMID:Orbital varix with a pearly phlebolith. Case report. 236 87

The present study reveals our experience in the medical management of 30 cases of progressive/malignant exophthalmos, employing costicosteroid, b-blocker, diuretic and a preparation containing proteolytic enzymes. There was encouraging improvement in terms of symptoms, proptosis and optic nerve compression, while reduction of ophthalmoplegia was not so satisfactory. However, none of the patients needed decompression surgery.
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PMID:Management of progressive exophthalmos. 238 2

A case of painful ophthalmoplegia due to idiopathic granulomatous involvement of the superior orbital fissure (Tolosa-Hunt syndrome) is described. The clinical features of recurrent pain, ocular motor nerve palsies and proptosis correlated well with the eventual demonstration of an enhancing mass in the region of the cavernous sinus. Removal of the lesion led to a resolution of the clinical picture and demonstration of a non-caseating granuloma with no other detectable cause. The original observation of Tolosa was thus re-affirmed.
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PMID:Clinicopathological correlation in a case of painful ophthalmoplegia: Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. 259 72

In a 20-year-old man with a history of sinonasal polyps, bilateral ophthalmoplegia, exophthalmos, and optic nerve dysfunction developed. Radiologic imaging showed a polypoid mass filling the nose and sinuses, eroding into the pituitary fossa, basal cisterns, and orbits, and compressing the cavernous sinuses. Six months after bilateral maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid exploration, ocular motility returned to normal, but there remained mild generalized visual field loss in the right eye. The pathologic specimen showed polypoid respiratory mucosa with acute and chronic inflammation as well as eosinophiles.
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PMID:Invasive sinonasal polyps causing ophthalmoplegia, exophthalmos, and visual field loss. 261 51

A blow-in fracture is an inwardly displaced fracture of the orbital rim or wall resulting in decreased orbital volume. The purpose of this study is to classify orbital blow-in fractures, describe the distinguishing clinical and radiologic features, and review the result of treatment. The series consists of 41 patients with blow-in fractures (34 males and 7 females). The mean age of the patients was 36 years. All were treated between 1979 and December of 1986 at Sunnybrook Medical Centre in Toronto. Clinical features of blow-in fractures were primarily related to the decrease in volume of the orbital cavity. Proptosis was a consistent finding, and in 27 percent of patients, the globe was further displaced in a coronal plane. Restricted ocular motility and diplopia were documented in 24 and 32 percent of patients, respectively. Fracture fragments displaced into the orbit resulted in globe rupture in 12 percent of patients, superior orbital fissure syndrome in 10 percent, and optic nerve injury in 1 patient. Blow-in orbital injuries were classified as pure fractures, consisting of an isolated blow-in of a segment of the roof, floor, or walls, or impure fractures, where the orbital rim itself was disrupted. In all cases, early decompression of the orbit and open reduction of fractures was necessary. Late sequelae of blow-in fractures were primarily related to injuries of intraorbital contents. Twelve percent of patients underwent enucleation and 8 percent reported persistent diplopia. Despite the presence of superior orbital fissure syndrome and complete ophthalmoplegia in 10 percent of patients, early orbital decompression resulted in resolution of nerve palsies in all but one patient.
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PMID:Blow-in fractures of the orbit. 273 85

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is the most common benign neoplasm of the nasopharynx. While histologically benign, it has the propensity for aggressive local growth. This highly vascular tumor predominantly occurs in adolescent males. The literature fails to provide a thorough description of ocular complications and their incidence in JNA. This report summarizes the data from those clinical series detailing ocular findings in a total of 218 JNA cases. Exophthalmos was found in 14% of all cases. Decreased visual acuity and partial ophthalmoplegia occurred in 5% and 2% respectively. Recognition of ocular involvement in JNA is of the utmost importance, for it is often a manifestation of orbital or intracranial extension or both. We describe the diagnosis and management of a case of JNA in a five-year-old white male. The patient developed ocular findings of marked exophthalmos and optic atrophy. Early multidisciplinary diagnostic evaluation (otolaryngological, neurosurgical, and ophthalmological) followed by a team surgical approach to excision is most likely to yield efficacious results.
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PMID:Ocular findings in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. 302 20


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