Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029089 (ophthalmoplegia)
 3,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis is extremely rare and is often associated with orbital inflammation/infection, systemic/local tumors, hypercoagulable states, autoimmune conditions, and rarely carotid cavernous fistula. Clinical features include abrupt onset of painful proptosis, chemosis, ophthalmoplegia, and diminished visual acuity. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent permanent blindness. Management options for this medical emergency include antibiotics, steroids, and/or anticoagulation. We present a case of superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis with left cavernous sinus thrombosis in the setting of newly diagnosed malignancy.
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PMID:Superior and Inferior Ophthalmic Vein Thrombosis in the Setting of Lung Cancer. 3041 Aug 8

Lymphomas are group of malignant neoplasm having origins from lymphoreticular cells. B cell Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (BNHL) of sphenoid sinus as primary site for lymphomas are very rare and whenever involves comes usually with ocular manifestations. The proximity of the lesion to optic nerve and cavernous sinus present a high risk of developing unilateral ophthalmoplegia or even blindness. The vast majority of cases of localized sphenoid sinus lymphomas are usually curable to surgery, chemotherapy alone or combination of both, sometimes radiotherapy. Here we report a case of 58 years old male attended at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) on 9th February 2017 at 9:00 AM having headache and gradually developing ptosis in left eye over 15 days. MRI of brain revealed homogeneously enhancing lesion occupying sphenoid sinus, clivus extending towards left cavernous sinus. Gross total resection of tumor was achieved by endoscopic endonasal approach. Histopathology revealed non-Hodgkin lymphoma and immunohistochemically it was positive for CD 20, CD 45, CD 79 and BCL 2, strongly compatible with diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Treatment with R-CHOP regimen following surgery resulted in initiation of improvement of the condition of the patient. Primary B cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (PBNHL) of the sphenoid sinus is a rare entity which can be perplexing and misleading for a surgeon until the histopathological proof is in hand. Early diagnosis with strong suspicion of sphenoid lymphoma in mind during workouts and timely management, close monitoring and follow ups have high potential for cure and longer disease-free survival of the BNHL patients.
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PMID:Primary Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of Sphenoid Sinus Involving Cavernus Sinus and Clivus with Isolated 3rd Nerve Palsy. 3048 11

The pituitary fossa is an uncommon site for metastatic tumor spread. Metastatic lesions to the sellar area derived mostly from breast, lung, renal, prostate, and colon cancers, and rarely from other solid and hematologic malignancies. Almost every cancer has been reported as a source of pituitary metastasis. Pituitary metastasis can involve both the anterior and posterior lobes, but the neuro-hypophysis is mainly involved. Clinical manifestations include diabetes insipidus, hypopituitarism, headache, visual disturbances, ophthalmoplegia, and also compression of adjacent structures by aggressive tumor masses. Metastatic spread to the pituitary from a distant primary malignancy is commonly associated with metastases to other tissues and poor prognosis, unless efficient systemic targeted medical treatment is available for the primary cancer (melanoma, lymphoma).
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PMID:Metastatic Spread to the Pituitary. 3210 69

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is the commonest chronic idiopathic dysimmune neuropathy. Pathophysiologic processes involve both cellular and humoral immunity. There are various known forms of CIDP, likely caused by varying mechanisms. CIDP in its different forms is a treatable disorder in the majority of patients. The diagnosis of CIDP is clinical, supported routinely by electrophysiology. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis may be helpful. Routine immunology currently rarely adds to the diagnostic process but may contribute to the identification of an associated monoclonal gammopathy with or without hematologic malignancy and the consideration of alternative diagnoses, such as POEMS syndrome, anti-myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) neuropathy or chronic ataxic neuropathy, with ophthalmoplegia, M-protein, cold aglutinins and disialosyl antibodies (CANOMAD). The search for antibodies specific to CIDP has been unsuccessful for many years. Recently, antibodies to paranodal proteins have been identified in a minority of patients with severe CIDP phenotypes, often unresponsive to first-line therapies. In conjunction with reports of high rates of antibody responses to neural structures in CIDP, this entertains the hope that more discoveries are to come. Although still arguably for only a small minority of patients, in view of current knowledge, such progress will enable earlier accurate diagnosis with direct management implications but only if the important, unfortunately and infrequently discussed issues of immunologic technique, test reliability and reproducibility are adequately tackled.
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PMID:Evolving Immunologic Perspectives in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy. 3298 69


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