Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0028961 (oliguria)
 1,847 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The posterior pituitary high signal (PPHS) seen on MRI of the sella in normal individuals probably reflects antidiuretic hormone (ADH) granules stored in the posterior pituitary lobe (PPL). We present a case with anorexia nervosa, high serum ADH, and oliguria who underwent three cerebral MR studies over the course of treatment. The first MR examination showed absence of PPHS and early enhancement of the PPL on dynamic MRI. In subsequent MR examinations PPHS became evident in concomitance with clinical improvement. This case suggests that PPHS changes may reflect reaccumulation of ADH granules and that dynamic MR of the PPL may be useful for assessing the vascularity of the PPL and/or the reversibility of its function.
 ...
PMID:Serial MR intensity changes of the posterior pituitary in a patient with anorexia nervosa, high serum ADH, and oliguria. 833 Dec 38

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a rare condition which most frequently follows gastrointestinal or respiratory infection episodes in young children, but it can also occur in other settings such as the postpartum period and during use of drugs such as oral contraconceptives, immunosuppressors, and antineoplastics. In early pregnancy, however, its frequency is thought to be very low. The authors report a case of a 30-year-old woman who developed HUS early in her first pregnancy. She had persistent aqueous diarrhea from the beginning of the pregnancy. At the 21st week she developed hypertension which in 2 weeks was followed by seizures, oliguria, and acute pulmonary edema despite intensive medical efforts to control her blood pressure. Surgical intervention for fetal delivery was performed. The patient was initially kept on continuous hemodialysis (CVVHD) followed by an alternate-day conventional hemodialysis schedule. A peripheral blood analysis showed a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with thrombocytopenia; blood coagulation tests were completely normal. A brain CT scan and an abdominal MRI showed no major abnormalities. HUS was confirmed by a percutaneal kidney biopsy, performed at the 21st day of anuria. Techniques for identification of verotoxin-producing E. coli were not available. Renal function did not recover and the patient has been undergoing regular maintenance hemodialysis for a year.
 ...
PMID:Early gestational hemolytic uremic syndrome: case report and review of literature. 915 64

We report a 67-year-old man with progressive disturbance of gait. He was well until the spring of 1993 (62 years of the age), when he noted an onset of unsteady gait. He also noted that he started to have a difficulty in playing tennis, in which he became unable to hit the ball with his racket. He also noted parkinsonian features such as bradykinesia and loss of hand dexterity. He was treated with levodopa, which did not improve his symptoms. His MRI revealed marked atrophy of the cerebellum and the pons. The criss-cross high signal lesion was seen in the center of the pons. The third ventricle was dilated. The putamen was unremarkable. His subsequent course was complicated by easy to fall, difficulty in swallowing with episodes of aspiration pneumonia. He also developed nocturnal apneustic episodes. He was admitted to our hospital on November 15, 1998, when he was 67 years of the age. He had low grade fever and low blood pressure (98/70). He was anemic but not icteric. Tumors were palpated in his jaw, anterior chest, and in the left arm. He was alert but unable to convey his desire because of dyspnea and tracheostomy. His gaze was slightly restricted in the horizontal direction and markedly so in the vertical direction. Motor functions were difficult to evaluate. His clinical course was complicated by atelectasis of the right lung and pleural effusion. He developed marked edema and oliguria. He developed sudden bradycardia and expired on December 26, 1998. He was discussed in a neurological CPC and the chief discussant arrived at the conclusion that the patient had multiple system atrophy. Majority of the audience agreed with this diagnosis. Post-mortem examination revealed a lung cancer in the right lung (undifferentiated adenocarcinoma) with metastases to the liver, kidneys, lymph nodes, pericardium, pleura, skin, bone marrow, and the brain. Neuropathologic examination revealed marked atrophy of the pons and the cerebellum. The putamen showed brownish discoloration and atrophic changes. The substantia nigra showed marked neuronal loss and gliosis. Oligodendrocytic inclusion bodies (alpha-synuclein positive) were seen in the putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, pontine nucleus, cerebellar white matter, internal capsule, cerebral peduncle, and the spinal cord. These findings are consistent with the pathologic diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. What was interesting to us was the presence of neurofibrillary tangles in the substantia nigra, nucleus ruber, globus pallidus, and subthalamic nucleus. Tuft-shaped astrocytes were also seen. This patient appears to be a rare example of combination of MSA and PSP.
 ...
PMID:[A 67-year-old man with progressive disturbance of gait]. 1093 28

A 43-year-old man, with a history of central diabetes insipidus diagnosed 3 years previously, complained about reduced libido. An MRI scan showed a suprasellar lesion just below the supraoptic recess of the third ventricle. A stereotactically guided biopsy revealed fibrous glia, but no other specific tissue and no inflammatory cells. Two months later the patient presented with fatigue and muscular weakness. Tertiary adrenal failure and hypothyroidism were diagnosed by endocrine function tests and therapy with levothyroxine and hydrocortisone was started. Another 2 months later the patient was admitted with giddiness, nausea, peripheral oedema and oliguria. Radiological imaging and an open transperitoneal kidney exploration showed severe fibrosis around both ureters. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. Presumably the suprasellar tumour was the first manifestation of retroperitoneal fibrosis. Once the diagnosis 'idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis' is confirmed, fibrotic manifestations and complications involving extra-retroperitoneal tissues including the endocrine system, should be sought.
 ...
PMID:Panhypopituitarism associated with severe retroperitoneal fibrosis. 1120 44

We assessed the utility of fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) and diffusion-weighted (DWI) images in investigation of tacrolimus (FK-506) encephalopathy, and to see whether we could predict its cause from clinical and imaging data. In seven patients with presumed FK-506 toxicity the areas involved on MRI were similar to those in cyclosporin A (CsA) toxicity. The abnormal signal was most evident on FLAIR in all cases. In three of four patients who underwent DWI, no diffusion abnormalities were detected; in the remaining patient, increased diffusion was seen in the deep white matter bilaterally on the apparent diffusion coefficient map, consistent with the findings on T2-weighted spin-echo and FLAIR images. Five of the six patients for whom we had clinical data showed sudden changes in electrolyte or fluid equilibrium due to diarrhoea, a polyuria or oliguria one day before or on the day of onset of the central nervous system disturbances. We speculate that FK-506 encephalopathy is triggered by the disturbance of the electrolyte and/or fluid equilibrium, given a certain serum level of FK-506.
 ...
PMID:MRI in seven cases of tacrolimus (FK-506) encephalopathy: utility of FLAIR and diffusion-weighted imaging. 1154 66

Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is an uncommon disease of unclear aetiology. The review of the literature over the past 20 years revealed 160 published cases. Till now, no accepted diagnostic or therapeutic strategy exist. Most of patients diseases progress to end-stage renal failure without pharmacological treatment. In the paper we report a case of a 58-year old man admitted to the department of urology due to body mass loss, lower-back pain, vomiting, development of oliguria and anuria and intermittent claudication. On physical examination arterial hypertension (180/100 mm Hg), peripheral oedema, tenderness of the enlarged kidneys and lower limbs ischemia were found. Creatinine serum level (Pcr) was 232 micromol/l (2.69 mg/dl). On ultrasonography, symmetrical hydronephrosis and the existence of a hypoechogenic mass along of the aorta and below of renal arteries was found. The diagnosis of RPF was confirmed with MRI. Ureteral catheters were inserted with subsequent decompression of both kidneys and the patient was discharged from the hospital. Seven months later he still presented symptoms of lower limbs ischemia, arterial pressure was high and Per decreased to 138 micromol/l (1.55 mg/dl). The patient was admitted to the department of internal diseases. The treatment with prednisone at the dose of 40 mg/d during 6 weeks was introduced, and the dose was decreased gradually to 10 mg/d within 6 months. Simultaneously, the patient received intravenous therapy with cyclophosphamide 600 mg/infusion once monthly during 6 months. Two month after starting immunosuppressive treatment the intermittent claudication disappeared and after six months MRI examination demonstrated the regression of RPF. The ureteral catheters were removed. After 18 months of follow up, no recurrence of RPF is observed and the kidney function is normal.
 ...
PMID:[Outcome of immunosuppressive treatment of a patient with renal failure due to retroperitoneal fibrosis]. 1552 46

Major urologic surgery performed in the lithotomy position sometimes results in the serious complications of rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. A 54-year-old man with prostate cancer (weight, 84 kg; height, 171 cm; body mass index, 28.7) underwent radical perineal prostatectomy in the lithotomy position for 7 hours. On the first postoperative day, the patient complained of numbness and pain of both thighs with oliguria. Serum creatinine kinase and myoglobin levels were elevated. Bone scintigraphy on the second day, which was confirmed by MRI, showed extraosseous increased activity in gluteus maximus muscle regions compatible with rhabdomyolysis.
 ...
PMID:Lithotomy position-related rhabdomyolysis of gluteus maximus muscles demonstrated by bone scintigraphy. 1809 64