Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028961 (oliguria)
 1,847 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An inhibitory effect on water, sodium and potassium excretion occurs after both systemic and central injections of morphine, beta-endorphin and other opioid peptides. Some investigators claimed that antidiuretic hormone release could be a mechanism explaining opioid-induced oliguria. Injection into the subfornical organ of a synthetic Met-enkephalin analog (FK 33824) reduced urine outflow as well as renal Na+ and K+ excretion. Identical effects were observed in hypophysectomized or in median eminence-lesioned rats. In addition, no changes were seen in blood pressure after FK 33824 injection into the subfornical organ. These results suggest that opioid stimulation of this structure induces an inhibitory effect on renal water, Na+ and K+ excretion, and that antidiuretic hormone release is probably not important to these phenomena.
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PMID:Role of opioid peptides and subfornical organ in the renal function of intact and hypophysectomized rats. 131 88

In the first stage of labor, pain is caused by distension of the cervix and low uterine segments in combination with isometric contraction of the uterus. Pain in the second stage of labor is dominated by tissue damage in the pelvis and perineum. Labor pain is due to an activation of nociceptors partly resulting from ischemia. The impulses thus generated are conducted into the spinal cord by afferent C fibers from the cervix and lower uterine segments, and by afferent Adelta and C fibers from the pelvis, pelvic organs and perineum. Labor pain is referred to the dermatomes T(11) and T(12) in the early stage of labor. It spreads to the neighboring dermatomes T(10) and L(1) and eventually involves the dermatomes S(2-4) during the second stage of labor and delivery. As in any other type of pain, labor pain stimulates respiration. This reduces the CO(2) concentration in the blood so that, in pain-free periods, respiratory stimulation is lacking and, in consequence, oxygen concentration in maternal and fetal blood is lowered. Pain-induced sympathetic activation will increase cardiac output in a way that may be deleterious in parturients with heart disease, eclampsia and anemia. Moreover, slowing of gastric emptying may cause nausea and vomiting, and slowing of intestinal propulsive movements may result in ileus and oliguria. An increase in plasma catecholamines and glucocorticoids influences uterine contractions. The amount of beta-endorphin released from the pituitary and placenta into the blood is relatively high but obviously not sufficient to depress pain effectively. Adequate nerve block and epidural anesthesia, as well as measures to relieve anxiety, will help markedly to reduce the risks associated with labor pain.
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PMID:[Labor pain-causes, pathways and issues.]. 1841 27

Minimal change disease (MCD) is a pathological condition characterized by subtle glomerular lesions causing massive and reversible proteinuria that is usually steroid sensitive. Recurrence of symptoms of active disease following successful treatment (including proteinuria, oedema and oliguria) and steroid toxicity requires the use of other drugs to attain or maintain remission. Unresolved MCD is considered the initial step in the pathological pathway leading to focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Historically, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, mycophenolate and calcineurin inhibitors have been utilized with success in MCD; however, the chronic nature of the disease and the toxicity of long-term use of these medications has pushed the development of new therapies. Synthetic corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone) and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, for example, are currently under investigation in clinical trials. In addition, these new interventions have dramatically impacted our understanding of the mechanisms of the disease. Phase II-IV clinical trials targeting new mechanisms and/or molecules are in progress. The list is long and includes drugs blocking the adaptive immune system (abatacept and anti-CD40 antibodies), as well as retinoids and the sialic acid precursor N-acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc), two agents that affect the sieving properties of the glomerular basement membrane. Other drugs are being tested against FSGS and, if successful, could also be utilized against MCD. Clinical trials currently in progress should furnish a proper solution to what appears to be a solvable problem.
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PMID:Clinical trials in minimal change disease. 2839 33