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Query: UMLS:C0028961 (oliguria)
 1,847 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It was established that chronic irritation of the peripheral nerves as a result of cutting of the sciatic nerve and introduction of formalin into the central segment is accompanied by prolonged oliguria (for many months), hyponatriuresis, a change in te excretion of chlorine, calcium, and urea with the urine, as well as an intensification of the excretion of potassium and phosphates by the kidneys. It was shown that the decrease in the excretion of water, sodium, chlorine, and calcium by the kidneys in the presence of a neurodystrophic process is associated chiefly with a sharp inhibition of filtration of the primary urine in the glomeruli and partially with an intensification of their reabsorption. Hyperkaliuresis and hyperphosphaturia were due to activation of the secretory process in the kidney tubules, while the decrease in the excretion of urea was a consequence of a decrease in the filtration load of this substance and a decrease in the diffusion and secretory processes. Thus, chronic irritation of the sciatic nerve leads to a change in the functional activity of all parts of the nephron. It is important that different parts of the nephron react differently, both in degree and in nature, and this is fraught with serious consequences for the normal maintenance of an adequate response of the kidneys to a change in the water and electrolyte metabolism.
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PMID:Excretion of water and electrolytes by the kidneys in chronic irritation of the peripheral nerves. 731 13

The acute onset of oliguria and azotemia in the postoperative setting may be caused by prerenal or postrenal causes or intrinsic renal damage. The first step in arriving at a diagnosis is to review the history in order to elicit the extrarenal factors. Certain simple laboratory tests are of tremendous value in differentiating these conditions. The development of acute renal failure with renal parenchymal damage usually occurs in the setting of hypotension, sepsis, dehydration, and with exposure to nephrotoxins. Most patients will be excreting scant amounts of isotonic urine containing more than 20 to 30 mEq per liter of sodium. Their urine:plasma creatinine ratio is less than or equal to 20:1 and their urinary sediment reveals many epithelial cells and casts. The condition is usually reversible and the treatment is expectant. However, it is still associated with a high mortality, although the survival of patients with acute renal failure may be substantially higher than previously reported. Early dialysis and nutritional support may play an important role in the improved survival. Patients with nonoliguric acute renal failure have urine outputs that may exceed 2 liters per day. Despite this output they demonstrate a stepwise increase in serum urea and creatinine. Urine sodium and osmolality are not very helpful. Many such patients do have low (less than 20 mEq per liter) urine sodium concentration and excrete isotonic urine.
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PMID:Acute renal failure in cardiovascular and other surgical patients. 743 57

The syndrome of sepsis-associated severe acute renal failure is a frequent component of sepsis-induced multiorgan failure. Continuous hemofiltration techniques are often used in its dialytic management but little is known about their impact. The aim of this study is to define the biochemical and clinical impact of continuous hemodiafiltration (CHD) in the management of this syndrome and to retrospectively compare it to that of conventional dialysis. A prospective, cohort study and retrospective comparison with historical controls was conducted at an intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary institution. Eighty-seven consecutive septic patients with acute renal failure were treated by continuous hemodiafiltration and 40 consecutive similar patients by conventional dialysis. All new cases of severe acute renal failure with sepsis were treated by means of continuous hemodiafiltration. Historical controls were treated by means of conventional dialysis. Illness and sepsis severity were assessed on admission and prior to initiation of treatment. Biochemical variables were assessed daily. Outcome was measured as discharge from the ICU, duration of oliguria and discharge from hospital. Of the 87 patients treated by hemodiafiltration, 86 had multiorgan failure, 71 (81.6%) septic shock and 52 (59.8%) bacteremia/fungemia. Their APACHE II score on admission was 29.9 and their mean organ failure score prior to treatment was 4.3. Hemodiafiltration resulted in a significant fall in mean urea and creatinine levels within 24 h and in the correction of acidosis. The mean alveolar-arterial gradient fell from 276 to 211 mm Hg (p < 0.02) within 24 h of therapy. Complications were few and mostly related to vascular access.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Treatment of sepsis-associated severe acute renal failure with continuous hemodiafiltration: clinical experience and comparison with conventional dialysis. 754 27

Ten cases of idiopathic acute renal failure (IARF) in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) were reported. Heavy proteinuria and severe edema were the main clinical manifestations in these cases. Sudden oliguria, decrease of urinary osmolarity and increase of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine occurred without any difinite cause. Pathological examination showed normal or near normal glomeruli, diffuse interstitial edema and patchy necrosis of the tubular cells. The renal function in all the patients recovered after therapy with diuretics, prednisone, etc. It is shown that IARF in idiopathic NS commonly occurred in patients with normal or near normal glomeruli, for example, minimal change disease (6/10 cases), mild mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (4/10 cass). The incidence of IARF in idiopathic NS was 4.1% (10/245 cases), the IARF was mostly reversible.
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PMID:[Idiopathic acute renal failure in nephrotic syndrome--a report of 10 cases]. 764 34

Haloanilines are commonly used as chemical intermediates in the manufacture of a wide range of products. The purpose of this study was to examine the in vivo nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potentials of the 3-haloanilines. The in vitro effects of the 3-haloanilines on renal function were also examined. In the in vivo experiments, male Fischer 344 rats (four rats/group) were administered a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of an aniline hydrochloride (1.0 or 1.25 mmol kg-1) or vehicle. Renal and hepatic function were monitored at 24 and/or 48 h post-treatment. None of the 3-haloanilines were potent nephrotoxicants at either dose level. The greatest effects on renal function were observed following administration of 3-chloroaniline at a dose of 1.25 mmol kg-1 (oliguria, glucosuria, hematuria, decreased p-aminohippurate accumulation by renal cortical slices and increased blood urea nitrogen concentration). 3-Chloroaniline also was the only aniline compound to increase plasma ALT/GPT activity at 48 h. In the in vitro experiments, the ability of an aniline (10(-5) - 10(-3) M) to decrease organic ion accumulation in renal cortical slices from untreated rats was examined. The decreasing order of in vitro nephrotoxic potential was 3-iodoaniline > 3-bromoaniline > 3-chloroaniline > aniline > 3-fluoroaniline. These results indicate that the 3-haloanilines are not potent nephrotoxicants or hepatotoxicants at sublethal doses. In addition, the reasons why the 3-haloanilines have different orders of nephrotoxic potential in vivo and in vitro are not clear at this time.
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PMID:Acute renal and hepatic effects induced by 3-haloanilines in the Fischer 344 rat. 778 60

Acute renal failure (ARF) is defined as a renal insufficiency of sudden onset (increase of creatinine and urea in the serum) combined with or without oliguria (less than 500 ml of urine per day). Nephrotoxins (drugs, contrast medium) or renal ischemia (hypovolemia, hypotension, shock, septicemia, treatment with CEI) may affect the renal tubulus through several pathways, all of which may result in ARF. Ultrasound allows to distinguish hydronephrosis from ARF which is characterized by increased width of the parenchyma and low echodensity of the medulla. ARF is usually reversible. If conservative therapy fails, dialysis treatment is necessary.
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PMID:[What should the general practitioner know about diagnosis and treatment of acute kidney failure?]. 778 97

This report describes a patient with acute renal failure that resulted from the ingestion of djenkol beans. Features of acute djenkolism include nausea, vomiting, bilateral loin pain, gross hematuria, and oliguria. The blood urea level was 16.2 mmol/L and the serum creatinine was 460 mumol/L. Phase contrast microscopy of the urinary sediment indicated that the hematuria was nonglomerular. Ultrasound of the kidneys showed slightly enlarged kidneys with no features of obstruction. Renal biopsy showed acute tubular necrosis similar to the single animal study reported in the literature. With conservative therapy, which included rehydration with normal saline and alkalinization of the urine with sodium bicarbonate, the acute renal failure resolved. Based on its chemistry, djenkol bean-associated acute renal failure may be analogous to acute uric acid nephropathy.
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PMID:Djenkol bean poisoning (djenkolism): an unusual cause of acute renal failure. 781 May 35

A 78-year-old man was hospitalized because of muscular weakness and acute renal failure. He had been taking glycyrrhizin (280 mg/day) for the last 7 years. Hypertension was noted in his history. Serum potassium was 1.9 mEq/l with metabolic alkalosis. There was hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. Serum enzymes, including GOT, LDH and CPK were markedly elevated. In addition, serum myoglobin was as high as 46 micrograms/ml with massive myoglobinuria. Oliguria occurred and blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine rapidly elevated from 20.9 to 87 mg/dl and from 1.3 to 6.7 mg/dl, respectively. Profound calcium deposition was found in the damaged skeletal muscles, including the quadriceps femoris, axillar, neck, and cardiac muscles. These results indicate that licorice-induced pseudoaldosteronism produces hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis, resulting in acute renal failure and profound deposition of calcium into the damaged skeletal and cardiac muscles.
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PMID:An autopsy case of licorice-induced hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis associated with acute renal failure: special reference to profound calcium deposition in skeletal and cardiac muscle. 785 65

Oliguria is infrequently viewed as a complication of laparoscopic surgery. The rate of urine output in six healthy patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery was measured during the period of CO2 pneumoperitoneum and for several hours after desufflation. The average hourly urine output during insufflation was 0.30 +/- 0.14 mL/kg despite an average hourly intravenous infusion rate of lactated Ringer's solution of 13.0 +/- 4.0 mL/kg. After release of pneumoperitoneum, urine output increased 467% to 1.7 +/- 1.1 mL/kg per hour. Patients remained hemodynamically unchanged perioperatively. Preoperative and postoperative blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations did not significantly differ. We discuss the potential etiologic factors in the development of oliguria in the setting of the increased intra-abdominal pressure of pneumoperitoneum and the implications of this acute but reversible renal dysfunction.
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PMID:Oliguria during laparoscopic surgery. 785 21

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is defined as microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and uremia. It is an important cause of acute renal failure (ARF) in children all over the world. The present study was carried out to assess the incidence, clinical presentation, hematological and biochemical profile of children presenting with HUS from 1987 to 1990. Out of the 100 cases who presented with ARF 22 had HUS. A majority of these children were males below 1 year of age, and had a prodromal phase of mainly gastrointestinal manifestations lasting for about a week. Anemia was a constant feature followed by bleeding diathesis, mainly melena and purpura. Neurological manifestations included altered sensorium, irritability, coma, hypertensive encephalopathy and convulsions. Renal problems mainly included oliguria, hypertension, hematuria and edema. Investigations revealed thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in all cases. Evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was observed in 3 cases as decreased fibrinogen levels, increased fibrinogen degradation products and deranged clotting studies. Blood biochemistry revealed azotemia in all cases, hyponatremia in 5 cases, hypernatremia in 3 cases and hyperkalemia in 12 cases. Stool culture showed the presence of Shigella in 8, E. coli in 6 and Klebsiella in 4 cases. Out of 22 cases of HUS, 15 were treated conservatively; of these 2 died. Both of these deaths were due to DIC 7 children were put on peritoneal dialysis; only 1 child died in this group. Factors affecting the outcome were duration of oliguria, levels of blood urea and presence of encephalopathy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A clinico-hematological profile of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. 788 99


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