Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028961 (oliguria)
 1,847 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The study included seven term newborns developing acute renal failure due to symptomatic perinatal asphyxia in early neonatal period. Its diagnosis was based on clinical and biochemical indices. Urinary output, serum and urinary sodium, potassium and creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen were evaluated in all of them. All the patients had oliguria not responding to fluid challenge and/or diuretic therapy, high serum K, FeNa of greater than 2.5% and RFI of greater than 3 indicative of intrinsic renal disease. The condition was associated with a very high mortality.
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PMID:Renal failure in symptomatic perinatal asphyxia. 179 66

Acute renal failure (ARF) complicated the use of traditional herbal remedies in six adult patients seen at Kenyatta National Hospital in a 2-year period (August 1984 to August 1986). This comprised 10.9% of all the cases of ARF and 24% of the cases of ARF due to medical causes. All the patients were oliguric and the period of oliguria in the four patients who survived ranged between 19-57 days (mean 26.3 days). Five of the patients had evidence of fluid overload. The blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were elevated in all the patients. The serum sodium was normal in all, while the serum potassium was elevated in 2 cases. Identity of the herbal medication was unknown in all the cases. The indication was abdominal pain in 4 cases, infertility and abdominal pain in one and prophylaxis against witchcraft in the other. All the patients were started on haemodialysis, two of them having had periods of peritoneal dialysis for 12 and 16 days. Two patients died. Of the four surviving patients, follow up has been carried out for 8, 6, 5 and 4 months. At four months follow up the creatinine clearance in the 4 surviving patients have been 54, 63, 51 and 43 ml/min.
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PMID:Acute renal failure following the use of herbal remedies. 180 Jan

We observed 73 patients with the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in 9 years (1980-1988), comprising 34% of patients with acute renal failure treated over the same period. There were 53 boys and 20 girls; 59% were below the age of 2 years and 33% between 2 and 5 years. Acute, usually severe dysentery, responding poorly to various antibiotics, was the prodromal illness in 80%, whereas 12% had watery diarrhea. Most patients had severe renal involvement with anuria in 56% and oliguria in 30%. A polymorphonuclear leukocytosis was present in 85% of cases, but had no correlation with the highest levels of blood urea. Coagulation abnormalities suggesting consumption coagulopathy were found in 24 of 30 cases. The results of stool culture showed Shigella species in 7 cases and nontyphoidal Salmonella in 9. Escherichia coli were isolated in 11 cases, but were not further characterized. Renal biopsy showed total or patchy cortical necrosis in 20 of 50 cases. The patients were managed with supportive care, including transfusion of fresh blood or plasma and dialysis as required. The mortality was 60%, being chiefly related to the duration of renal failure and presence of renal cortical necrosis, whereas persistent dysentery and infections were complicating factors. The presence of convulsions and coagulation defects had no relation to the outcome. Our observations indicate that HUS in children in northern India is mostly related to dysentery, likely to be shigellosis, and is usually associated with severe renal damage and a high death rate.
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PMID:Hemolytic uremic syndrome in children in northern India. 186 81

Forty-eight patients with acute renal failure (ARF) who were referred to the Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital for acute dialysis between August 1985 and August 1989 were studied retrospectively to identify risk factors associated with ARF that serve as prognostic indicators. There was no difference in the mean age of survivors and non-survivors (49.5 +/- 17.5 years vs 53.5 +/- 18 years, p greater than 0.05). The overall mortality rate was 52%. ARF as a result of surgical complication had a higher mortality rate in comparison to ARF from medical complications (66% vs 50%, p greater than 0.05). Septicaemia was the most common cause of ARF requiring dialysis. Hepatobiliary sepsis was the most frequent cause of septicaemia. Pre-dialysis serum urea and creatinine levels, and the number of dialysis treatments did not affect the outcome. Poor prognostic indicators included oliguria or anuria, fluid overload and coma. Patients tended to have a worse outcome if they had more than three risk factors taken from the following list:-decreased renal perfusion, assisted ventilation, coma, gastrointestinal dysfunction, recent surgery, sepsis, congestive heart failure, hepatobiliary dysfunction, malignancy, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal insufficiency and poor nutritional status. Early referral of patients with septicaemia due in particular to hepatobiliary infection may improve the prognosis.
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PMID:Acute renal failure prognostic indices in hospital inpatients referred for haemodialysis. 192 73

A total of 29 patients with severe hemorrhagic fever associated with the renal syndrome were studied for impact of extracorporeal hemodialysis on the activity of the renin-aldosterone system (RAS), plasma vasopressin and osmolality and the levels of the major osmotically active agents, as well as the circadian urine output and blood pressures. In patients with oliguria there was a significant activation of RAS, an increase in plasma vasopressin ad osmolality due to the increment of the urea in presence of hyponatremia. Hemodialysis led to a temporary normalization of plasma aldosterone and vasopressin levels and a decrease in blood pressure. No significant changes were documented in the activity of the plasma renin and circadian urinary output. A direct correlation was established between the plasma osmolality and the levels of vasopressin. In patients with polyuria developed in presence of hypernatremic hyperosmia plasma vasopressin elevated and aldosterone dropped.
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PMID:[The effect of hemodialysis on the vasopressin level and on the renin-aldosterone system in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome]. 197 Sep 14

HFRS-related oliguria brings about hyperactivity of the system hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenals and hyperfunction of the pancreas; glucose, urea and creatinine plasma levels are elevated. Prednisolone treatment leads to diminution of ACTH and cortisol levels, elevation of glucose, insulin and C-peptide concentrations in plasma compared to prednisolone-untreated patients, producing insignificant effect on plasma levels of STH, vasopressin, aldosterone, area and creatinine. Therefore, a course administration of glucocorticoids to HFRS patients is justified only in severe collapses and hypopituitary coma confirmed by the laboratory methods.
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PMID:[Effect of glucocorticoid hormones on the status of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal system and endocrine function of the pancreas in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome]. 197 53

Sixteen children (11 male, 5 female) who developed renal venous thrombosis in the neonatal period or early infancy have been followed for periods varying from 29 months to 16 years (median 12 years) after initial diagnosis. Twelve patients presented with a hyperosmolar state, and in 4 the illness was preceded by severe birth asphyxia. The diagnosis was based on the findings of clinical and/or radiological renal enlargement (15 cases), haematuria (16 cases) and elevation in plasma urea (16 cases). Thrombocytopenia (13 cases), red cell fragmentation (13 cases) and oliguria (13 cases) were frequent associated findings. All 16 patients survived the acute illness, 1 patient died 3 years later from an unrelated event. On follow-up evaluation, 11 patients have normal renal function (glomerular filtration rate greater than 80 ml/min per 1.73 m2), 5 developed hypertension, 2 of whom responded to unilateral nephrectomy. Urinary concentrating capacity was subnormal (less than 800 mosmol/kg) in 7 of the 15 cases studied. Follow-up renal imaging studies were undertaken in 14 patients, and the imaging procedure was normal in only 2 of these. Of the remainder, 8 showed unilateral abnormality and 4 bilateral abnormality. Intellectual development was normal in 12 patients, mildly impaired in 1, and severely impaired in 3.
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PMID:Renal venous thrombosis in infancy: long-term follow-up. 202 36

N,N'-Dimethylaminopropionitrile (DMAPN), a major component of the NIAX catalyst ESN, is known to cause urinary bladder dysfunction in exposed workers. In order to investigate the mechanism of DMAPN toxicity, we carried out time-course (0-72 h) and dose-response (175-700 mg/kg) studies on the effects of DMAPN in rats and mice. Treated animals exhibited several signs of toxicity including loss of body weight, reduced water consumption, and bladder urine retention, as well as bladder injury. DMAPN-induced bladder injury was characterized by distended bladders with marked diffuse submucosal and subserosal edema, petechial hemorrhage, and multifocal perivascular inflammatory infiltrates. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of urine indicated hypoosmolality, aciduria, hematuria, proteinuria, and oliguria. Elevated levels of creatinine and urea levels in plasma were indicative of renal dysfunction. Within hours following DMAPN administration, the animals exhibited a significant increase in urinary retention that resolved between 60 and 72 h. Rats excreted about 44% of the administered DMAPN dose unchanged in the urine, while mice excreted only about 6% of the dose. Commercially available DMAPN metabolites, administered by gavage, produced toxic effects less adverse than DMAPN. The biochemical effects of DMAPN included depletion of glutathione and increased lipid peroxidation in target organs, including urinary bladder and kidney. These studies indicate that there are species differences in DMAPN toxicity. The differences may be due to differences in the formation of reactive metabolic intermediates of DMAPN.
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PMID:Studies on the mechanism of urotoxic effects of N,N'-dimethylaminopropionitrile in rats and mice. 1. Biochemical and morphologic characterization of the injury and its relationship to metabolism. 203 40

The study was undertaken to evaluate the occurrence of renal failure following perinatal asphyxia in the newborns. Thirty newborns with severe birth asphyxia were included in the study along with 30 normal newborns who comprised the control group. Any neonate presenting with oliguria or blood urea more than 40 mg/dl or creatinine more than 1 mg/dl was subjected to a fluid and diuretic challenge. If oliguria or renal dysfunction persisted then the child was labelled as renal failure and these subjects were further investigated. It was observed that 43% of asphyxiated babies developed acute renal failure (ARF); 69.2% babies had oliguric renal failure. While no significant correlation could be seen between Apgar scores at 5 and 10 min and development of ARF, a significant relationship was seen between hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and ARF. Patients with oliguric ARF carried a poorer prognosis as compared to non-oliguric ARF.
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PMID:Acute renal failure in asphyxiated newborns. 205 7

Three patients with internal leakage of urine are described. As a result of urine resorption into the blood a condition developed resembling acute renal failure. Internal loss of urine is divided into intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal leakage and usually gives rise to oliguria and microscopic haematuria. In the intraperitoneal type increasing abdominal complaints and ascites will develop whereas in the extraperitoneal type regional oedema will become present without, in the case of sterile urine, abdominal complaints of importance. Important clues as to the diagnosis are the concentrations in serum and urine of urea, creatinine and sodium, and the demonstration of the leak by means of imaging techniques. Treatment of choice is a drainage procedure, for instance by a bladder catheter. In acute renal failure this pseudo form should be distinguished from the real thing.
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PMID:Pseudo-renal failure associated with internal leakage of urine. 207 11


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