Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028961 (oliguria)
 1,847 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 28-year-old woman had hypothalamic disorders (amenorrhea, obesity, psychiatric abnormalities, polydipsia and fever) and chronic glomerulonephritis. She also suffered from general edema associated with cyclical oliguria and polyuria. Her body weight and plasma osmolality increased during the oliguria phase lasting 2 to 8 days and decreased after paroxysmal polyuria accompanied by the natriuresis. These episodes occurred repeatedly, regardless of the treatment with or without diuretics. The release of arginine vasopressin in response to increased plasma osmolality was exaggerated, but changes in plasma volume did not affect arginine vasopressin release. Plasma atrial natriuretic hormone increased in response to a rise in plasma arginine vasopressin and plasma volume during the oliguria phase, thereby resulting in the diuresis and natriuresis. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was secondarily activated by body fluid depletion and diuretics, and this might play an additive role in general swelling. Plasma gonadal hormones did not change to explain the edema. The mechanism of this cyclical edema remains unknown, but it is likely that hypothalamic dysfunction related to psychiatric abnormalities may exaggerate arginine vasopressin release, and enhanced renal sympathetic activity may cause retention of Na and water, and the increase in atrial natriuretic hormone release responding to the plasma volume expansion may bring about the diuresis and natriuresis.
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PMID:Cyclical edema in a patient with hypothalamic disorders and chronic glomerulonephritis: arginine vasopressin-dependent atrial natriuretic hormone release. 183 31

Urological complications constitute significant problem following renal transplantation. Incidence ranges from 4 to 14% in graft recipients. The most important aspects concerning these complications are early diagnosis and prompt treatment, any delay in diagnosis and management may lead to deterioration of renal graft function or graft loss. The following case report discusses management of hydronephrosis in renal graft caused by ureter stenosis due to scarring and fibrosis of its distal end after remote kidney transplantation. The patient was a 33-year-old woman with previous history of end stage renal failure in the course of chronic glomerulonephritis. A triple drug immunosuppressive regimen consisting of Azathioprine (AZT), Cyclosporine A and Encorton (AZT + CsA + Encorton) was administered during a period of three years after kidney transplantation. At this time AZT administration was discontinued due to chronic viral hepatitis type B. Episodes of expansion sensation (discomfort) and graft pain were reported by the patient which after 3 days were followed by a period of oliguria and then anuria. The patient was admitted to the Department of Nephrology CMUJ, where ultrasound imaging revealed graft hydronephrosis. In the presence of such clinical and biochemical indications due to acute graft failure, one hemodialysis session, was performed. The patient was transferred to the Urological Department CMUJ where ureter exploration was attempted, but was unsuccessful. Subsequently percutaneous nephrostomy was performed which lead to immediate diuresis. Next, distal ureter stenosis (located by the urinary bladder) was surgically removed and reimplantation of the ureter was carried out. Due to early diagnosis and surgical reconstruction of the transplanted ureter, renal graft function returned to normal requiring only one hemo-dialysis session.
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PMID:[Urological complications in patient after kidney transplantation. Correction of ureter stenosis with consequent proper renal graft function]. 1176 94

Diabetes and hypertension are at present the major causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. The stages 0-5 of CKD are defined according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate. The term chronic renal failure (CRF) typically corresponds to CKD stages 3-5. Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients of CRF and ESRD. This study was undertaken to analyze the age and sex incidence, clinical features, etiology, pathology of various organs in detail, and causes of death of CRF patients. All autopsies performed on known cases of CRF and those who were diagnosed as CRF at autopsy at a tertiary care hospital in India over a 7-year period were studied. The highest number of cases of CRF fell within the 56-65 years age group with a male/female ratio of 1.38:1. Oliguria and anasarca were the most common presenting features. Chronic pyelonephritis was the most common cause of CRF in our study, followed by hypertension, diabetes, and chronic glomerulonephritis. Other causes included amyloidosis, autosomal poly- cystic kidney disease, and ischemic and multiple myeloma. Most common cause of death found was cardiovascular, followed by infections, cerebrovascular, metabolic, and other causes.
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PMID:Chronic renal failure: An autopsy study. 2854 Aug 91