Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028961 (oliguria)
 1,847 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between Jan. 1983 and Dec. 1986, 288 patients with acute respiratory failure of varied aetiologies were admitted to tetanus and respiratory care ward. One hundred and twenty patients (41.66%) had primary respiratory diseases, 107 (37.15%) of poisoning, 24 (8.3%) had neuromuscular diseases and 37 (12.48%) had miscellaneous disorders. Ventilatory support was given for more than 6 hours to 118 patients. The overall survival was 61.81% and on ventilator 38.13%. The mortality was high with ARDS (100%), miscellaneous (100%) pneumonia with septicaemia (75%) and COAD (54.28%). Patient with COAD had high mortality with acidosis (pH less than 7.1, P less than 0.01), hypotension (systolic BP less than 90 mm of Hg, p less than 0.05) and oliguria (urine out put less than 400 ml/24 hours, p less than 0.05). Organophosphorus compound was the commonest poison (89.75%) and patients who had moderate to severe hypoxia (pO2 less than 60 mm of Hg), hypotension and an interval of more than 4 hours between the consumption of poison and admission (all P less than 0.05) expired; 68.18% expired within the first 72 hours. All the patients with primary neuromuscular paralysis and bronchial asthma survived. Hospital acquired infections (160 patients), retained secretions (108 patients) and hypotension (64 patients) were the commonest complications seen in the 288 patients. Staphylococcus aureus (32.14%) was the commonest organism isolated. Financial constraints, drug shortages and frequent failure of machines were other major problems in the intensive respiratory care unit.
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PMID:Intensive respiratory care service. Organisation, orientation, system and future. Our experience of management of 288 cases. 238 Jan 33

To study the frequency and examine the role of rhabdomyolysis in the acute renal failure in tetanus 18 patients with the diagnosis of generalized tetanus consecutively admitted to the infectious disease hospital were evaluated. Of these 14 were male and 4 female with mean age of 31.8 +/- 2.0 years. Except for mild proteinuria recorded in 9 patients, the urinalysis were unremarkable. Serum creatinine higher than 1.4mg/dl was recorded in 39% of the patients, abnormal levels of CPK in 87,5% and serum myoglobin greater than 120 micrograms/l in 39% of the patients. Oliguria was documented in one patient and none required dialysis therapy. No correlation was found between renal failure and myoglobin and/or CPK serum levels. Acute renal failure in tetanus was not infrequent; usually it was non-oliguric, mild and transient and not related to the severity of the disease or to serum levels of myoglobin and/or CPK.
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PMID:Tetanus as a cause of acute renal failure: possible role of rhabdomyolysis. 811 81

To assess the mechanisms related to tetanus-induced acute renal failure (ARF), 30 patients with tetanus had their renal function prospectively studied and factors possibly related to renal changes were evaluated during four weeks of hospitalization. Fifty percent of these patients had a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < or = 50 ml/min in the first or second week of hospitalization (Group I) and 50% had a GFR > 50 ml/min throughout the entire hospitalization period (Group II). Age, gender, tetanus incubation time and tetanus onset time, hospitalization time, use of nephrotoxic drugs, need for mechanical ventilation with intermittent positive pressure, and presence of systemic infection were similar in both groups. None of the patients presented with oliguria. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) overactivity, characterized by intense variations in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, by increased heart rate and elevated urinary metanephrine excretion, was higher in Group I compared with Group II. Plasma renin activity, serum creatinephosphokinase levels, and myoglobinuria were not significantly different between the two groups. These results strongly suggest that tetanus-induced ARF has a high prevalence, is characterized by early onset, and is probably related to ANS overactivity.
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PMID:Prospective study of tetanus-induced acute renal dysfunction: role of adrenergic overactivity. 939 4

Acute renal failure (ARF) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. It may be pre-renal, intrinsic, or post-renal (obstructive) in aetiology. ARF was investigated in children in the south-southern part of Nigeria to determine the prevalence, aetiology, management and outcome of ARF. A retrospective review of data from all children from birth to 16 years of age admitted into the Department of Paediatrics, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), with the diagnosis of ARF over an 18 year period (January 1985 to December 2003) was performed. Information was obtained about the age, sex, clinical features, blood pressure, laboratory and radiological investigations, aetiology, and treatment received including dialysis. Information on the outcome, factors influencing outcome, and possible causes of death were reviewed. There were 211 patients, 138 (65.4%) males and 73 (34.6%) females (M:F, 1.9:1), with a hospital prevalence of 11.7 cases/year. The patients were aged 5 days to 16 years (mean 5.6+/-4.7 years). Oliguria was the most common clinical presentation in 184 (87.2%) patients. Hypertension was seen in only 39 (18.5%) patients. The causes were age-related. The neonates had ARF from severe birth asphyxia 27 (35.5%), septicaemia 17 (22.4%), with tetanus 4 (5.3%) and congenital malformations 11 (14.5%). Sixty-one (28.9%) and 29 (13.7%) patients had ARF from gastroenteritis and malaria respectively. The patients with leukaemia were all more than 10 years old and had acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Two patients (1.9%) had Burkitts lymphoma involving the abdomen and 3 patients had HIVAN. 112 (53%) patients had anaemia with a mean haematocrit of 20.25+/-6.9%. Dialysis was indicated in 108 patients, but only 24 patients (22.2%) had peritoneal dialysis (PD), because of financial constraints and lack of dialysis equipment. Mortality rate was 40.5%. The causes of death were uraemia 60 (70.6%), overwhelming infection 5 (5.9%), and recurrent anaemia 20 (23.5%). Hypertension (X2 15.7, P<0.001) and lack of dialysis (X2 7.96, P<0.01) significantly affected outcome. Other factors associated with demise were delayed presentation (58.8%), use of herbal treatment (35%), and unaffordability of treatment (40%). ARF is a significant cause of mortality in Nigerian children. The patients are not adequately managed because of poverty and lack of facilities for dialysis. The causes of ARF in our environment are preventable, and should be expected.
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PMID:Acute renal failure in Nigerian children: Port Harcourt experience. 1594 80