Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028961 (oliguria)
 1,847 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Unilateral left renal artery occlusion for 1 h in a group of 8 untreated female Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in oliguric acute renal failure (ARF) persisting for more than 6 h after reflow, i.e. after reperfusion of the kidney by removal of the arterial clamp. In a second group of 8 rats with left unilateral ARF the effects of levemopamil (L), a calcium entry blocker with 5-hydroxytryptamine2 (5-HT2) receptor antagonistic properties, were studied. Rats received L as a continuous infusion (6 mg kg-1 h-1) from 1 h before ischaemia until 6 h after reflow. 2. Endogenous creatinine clearance, an estimate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), of left ischaemic kidneys of untreated rats was almost completely abolished and urine flow was 0.05 +/- 0.02 and 0.03 +/- 0.01 ml h-1 100 g-1 body weight (body wt.) at 2 and at 6 h of reflow, respectively. In contrast, left ischaemic kidneys of L-treated rats revealed significantly higher GFR (0.10 +/- 0.02 and 0.03 +/- 0.01 ml min-1 g-1 kidney weight (k.wt.); P < 0.01) and urine flow (0.51 +/- 0.05 and 0.15 +/- 0.04 ml h-1 100 g-1 body wt.; P < 0.05) at 2 and 6 h of reflow, respectively. 3. At 6 h of reflow, mitochondria from the cortex of left ischaemic kidneys of untreated rats showed significantly reduced ATP synthesis when compared to right intact kidneys (0.06 +/- 0.02 vs 0.26 +/- 0.02 mumol ATP mg-1 protein min-1 (P < 0.01)). In contrast, in L-treated rats, ATP synthesis of left ischaemic kidneys was largely preserved (0.17 +/- 0.01 mumol ATP mg-1 protein min-1). 4. Ischaemia of left kidneys resulted in a significant decrease in medullary Na-K-ATPase activity to 9.6 +/- 2.4 as compared to 20.4 +/- 3.7 mumol P(i) h-1 mg-1 protein in the intact right kidneys which was not prevented by L (9.4 +/- 2.4 mumol P(i) h-1 mg-1 protein). 5. In untreated rats the calcium content in cortical mitochondria from left ischaemic kidneys had risen 2 fold to 23.0 +/- 1.8 at 6 h of reflow as compared to 12.2 +/- 0.3 nmol mg-1 protein in right intact kidneys (P < 0.01). This rise in mitochondrial calcium was not significantly attenuated by treatment with L (19.9 +/- 1.7 nmol mg-1 protein). 6. The results show that L transiently converted oliguria into non-oliguria during the early phase after reflow in ischaemic ARF, i.e. after reperfusion following 1 h of complete interruption of renal perfusion. The present data suggest indirectly that the 5-HT2-antagonistic properties of L rather than its calcium channel blocking action maintains GFR at low level and protects mitochondrial function early after reflow in this model of ischaemic ARF.
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PMID:Calcium entry and 5-HT2 receptor blockade in oliguric ischaemic acute renal failure: effects of levemopamil in conscious rats. 888 35

Hypertension in pregnancy is one of the main causes of maternal, fetal and newborn morbidity and mortality in civilised countries. Current recommendations of the European Society for Hypertension prefer definition of hypertension in pregnancy based on absolute values of blood pressure, i.e. systolic blood pressure > or = 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure > or = 90 mm Hg. The most important task of classification of hypertension in pregnancy is to distinguish whether hypertension comes before pregnancy (the so called pre-existing hypertension) or whether it is a pregnancy-induced condition (the so called gestational hypertension). Pre-existing hypertension is diagnosed either before pregnancy or within the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. Gestational hypertension is characterised with poor blood circulation in many body organs, higher value of blood pressure usually being just one of the characteristic features. Non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension must be considered in pregnant women with systolic blood pressure 140-150 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure 90-99 mm Hg. Salt restriction is not recommended, as well as weight reduction in obese women. Systolic blood pressure > or = 170 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure > or = 110 mm Hg in pregnant women must be considered serious condition necessitating hospitalisation. Pharmacological therapy should include labetalol i.v. or metyldopa or nifedipin administered orally. Intravenous administration of dihydralazine is no longer a therapy of choice, for its use is connected with increased occurrence of adverse effects. The threshold values for commencement of anti-hypertension therapy are systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg in females with gestational hypertension without proteinuria or with pre-existing hypertension before commencement of 28th week of pregnancy. Drug administration to reduce hypertension is instituted after reaching the same threshold values in females with gestational hypertension and proteinuria or after occurrence of the symptoms any time during pregnancy, with the same threshold values of blood pressure in the case of pre-existing hypertension at the presence of accompanying diseases or organ malfunction and further in the case of pre-existing hypertension and gestational hypertension. In other cases drug treatment of hypertension is recommended at systolic blood pressure values of 150 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure values of 95 mm Hg. Unless serious hypertension is involved, the drugs of choice include metyldope, labetalol, calcium channel blockers and beta-blockers. Calcium channel blockers are considered safe, unless administered concurrently with magnesium sulphate (risk of hypotension in the case of potential synergism). ACE inhibitors and angiotensine blockers II (AT1-blockers) are contraindicated in pregnancy. Treatment with diuretics is not substantiated, unless oliguria is present. I.v. magnesium sulphate is recommended for prevention of eclampsia and spasm treatment.
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PMID:[Hypertension in pregnancy]. 1672 58

Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) occurs in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and is defined by otherwise unexplained rapidly progressive renal insufficiency associated with oliguria or rapidly progressive arterial hypertension or both. SRC is a rare and severe complication of SSc, most often encountered during the first 4 years of disease, almost only in patients with diffuse SSc. Factors predicting SRC were identified, including high-dose corticosteroid administration. Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) has dramatically impressed the prognosis of SRC, but it mortality rate is still high. Treatment aims at normalizing blood pressure as soon as possible. ACEI should always be used, and additional anti-hypertensive agents, including calcium channel blockers and alpha- and beta-blockers, may be useful. Renal replacement therapy may be needed, but often (for almost half of patients) only temporarily.
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PMID:[Scleroderma renal crisis]. 1715 23