Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prevalence of clinical and sub-clinical occlusive arterial disease and of risk factors implicated in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis was assessed in 21 patients with chronic renal failure, 27 on maintenance haemodialysis and 51 renal allograft recipients. Clinical occlusive arterial disease was present in 27 patients, and sub-clinical arterial disease in 34. Myocardial infarction, cerebral thrombosis and lower limb arterial thrombosis had occurred only in the transplant recipients; these patients had, however, been followed for a longer period of time than the other two groups. In the allograft recipients, the cumulative incidence of any occlusive arterial disease was 416 per 1000, and that of coronary heart disease was 267 per 1000 at six years. Hypertension was present in 76 per cent of patients prior to renal replacement therapy. Following institution of definitive therapy, hypertension was of shorter duration and less common in haemodialysis patients than in renal transplant recipients. Uraemic and haemodialysis patients with occlusive arterial disease had required antihypertensive medication for significantly longer than those free of arterial disease. Transplant recipients with hypertension had a greater mean serum creatinine, were receiving a larger maintenance dosage of corticosteroids and less frequently had undergone prior bilateral nephrectomy than those transplant patients without hypertension. Serum lipid levels were elevated in 62 per cent of patients. In the uraemic and haemodialysis patients hypertriglyceridaemia was the predominant abnormality while in the transplant recipients combined hypertriglyceridaemia/hypercholesterolaemia was more frequent. Despite regular aluminium hydroxide therapy 81 per cent of uraemic and haemodialysis patients had a calcium X phosphate product higher than normal. Arterial and/or soft tissue calcification as demonstrable in 20-38 per cent of patients within each group, but could not be related to the calcium X phosphate product of radiographic evidence of hyperparathyroidism. Glucose intolerance was present in 71 per cent of the uraemic and haemodialysis patients and 33 per cent of the transplant recipients. Hyperuricaemia, cigarette smoking, obesity and a sedentary existence were also prevalent. The majority of patients had several risk factors implicated in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. Occlusive arterial disease is a major problem in patients with end stage renal disease, being no less common after transplantation than with long-term maintenance dialysis. The aetiology is multifactorial.
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PMID:Occlusive arterial disease in uraemic and haemodialysis patients and renal transplant recipients. A study of the incidence of arterial disease and of the prevalence of risk factors implicated in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. 32 93

A 45-year-old man underwent a jejunoileal shunt procedure for obesity. Twenty months later he developed severe oxalosis and chronic renal failure, which required maintenance hemodialysis. The sequential observation of two biopsy specimens and the necropsy (over a span of 39 months) suggests that oxalate deposition caused tubular obstruction and destruction with subsequent atrophy of nephrons. This indicates that patients undergoing intestinal bypass are at risk for developing irreversible renal failure due to enteric hyperoxaluria.
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PMID:Oxalosis and chronic renal failure after intestinal bypass. 83 9

Renal carcinomas represent 2% of all tumors. More than 90% of these cancers occur in adults with the frequency in adult males being twice as high as that in adult females. The frequency of renal carcinomas is relatively high in France especially in males. Renal carcinomas mortality has been increasing in France over the last 40 years by more than 2% per year and suggests that tobacco is involved in this increase. Obesity, especially in women, and chronic renal failure are two other frequent associations found with renal carcinomas. The prognosis for this cancer is not clear-cut as the relative 5-year survival rate for all adult tumors ranges from 36 to 54%.
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PMID:[Epidemiology of kidney cancers]. 148 96

The simultaneous, complete rupture of both quadriceps tendons is a rare event. Only 30 previous cases have been reported and the majority have had well-documented predisposing factors, such as chronic renal failure, gout, hyperparathyroidism, diabetes and obesity. We report a case which presented without any predisposing cause, and review the literature to date.
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PMID:Simultaneous bilateral rupture of the quadriceps tendon. 269 88

A number of erythrocyte Na-K ATPase units were measured in 22 patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease, 3 with primary hypothyroidism, 3 with simple obesity, 13 with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis, and 20 normal controls, using ouabain binding assay as described by DeLuise et al. The number of Na-K ATPase units, derived by maximal binding of 3H-ouabain, was decreased in patients with simple obesity (Mean +/- SD, 0.26 +/- 0.07 pmol/10(9) RBC), as compared with that in normal controls (0.39 +/- 0.10), and a significant negative correlation between the number of the binding sites and the ratio of the measured body weight to the optimal body weight calculated by the modified Broca's method was observed in normal controls and patients with obesity (r = -0.51, p less than 0.05). The results agreed closely with that reported by DeLuise et al and provided validation of our estimates of the erythrocyte Na-K pump units. The maximal 3H-ouabain binding was significantly diminished in patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease (0.28 +/- 0.07) when compared with that in normal controls, while the bindings were significantly elevated in patients with hypothyroidism (0.91 +/- 0.26). These results were in disagreement with those previously reported by animal studies where Na-K ATPase was found to be stimulated by thyroid hormones. It might be possible to partly explain this discrepancy by the degradation of Na-K ATPase in erythrocytes in addition to the apparent differences between erythrocytes and the other tissues and by the length of time that the tissue was exposed to the action of the hormones. Therefore, erythrocyte from normal controls and patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease were divided into low and high density portions by a discontinuous 'percoll' density gradient centrifugation, and the bindings of the erythrocytes in two portions were separately measured. The bindings of erythrocyte in the higher density portion, representing relatively old-aged erythrocyte, were diminished to 92 +/- 19% of the bindings of the original whole erythrocytes in normal controls. An even more marked reduction of the maximal bindings of 3H-ouabain in old-aged erythrocytes was observed in patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease (72 +/- 26%). Moreover, this % reduction based on aging related significantly to serum T4 concentrations in those patients (r = 0.85, p less than 0.05). These findings suggest that the number of erythrocyte Na-K ATPase units may reflect the overall peripheral metabolic state, regulated by thyroid hormone-dependent thermogenesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical studies on assay for Na-K ATPase in human blood cells. I. Erythrocyte Na-K ATPase assay in patients with thyroid dysfunction and in those with chronic renal failure]. 284 3

A 65-year-old woman of normal weight, hospitalized because of pleuritis, was found to have chronic renal failure (creatinine clearance 20 ml/min). Renal biopsy (light and electron-microscopy) revealed nodular glomerulosclerosis (Kimmerstiel-Wilson disease), described as a diabetes-specific renal change. Fundoscopy discovered bilateral proliferative retinopathy as seen in diabetes. But oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests were normal, excluding a manifest diabetic metabolic disorder. No other cause of the glomerulosclerosis (such as amyloidosis or multiple myeloma) was found. The patient had been overweight for a time when younger, reversed by dieting. It is suggested that the "diabetic" changes in the kidneys and eyes without diabetes could be the result of a transitory disorder of glucose tolerance during the period of obesity.
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PMID:["Diabetic" proliferative retinopathy and nodular glomerulosclerosis without diabetes mellitus]. 319 24

Theophylline plasma levels and FEV1 were measured in patients affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a concomitant disease state (congestive heart failure, chronic cor pulmonale, obesity, peptic disease, hepatic cirrhosis, chronic renal failure) and treated with a sustained release theophylline preparation. Our results indicate that, only in patients affected by congestive heart failure and chronic cor pulmonale, is there a decreased plasma clearance of the drug. Low levels of plasma theophylline were measured in obese patients probably because they received an inadequate posology.
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PMID:Effect of various disease states on theophylline plasma levels and on pulmonary function in patients with chronic airway obstruction treated with a sustained release theophylline preparation. 330 82

The Na-K cotransport activity was measured in erythrocytes of 123 normotensive and 92 hypertensive patients, using the methodology described by Dagher and Garay. Large overlap of the values obtained in the two populations is observed, in such a way this laboratory test cannot be applied for the discrimination between primary and secondary hypertension. Moreover, the abnormalities described for the Na-K cotransport do not appear specific for primary hypertension. In this study, the influence of hypertensive heredity, but also obesity on this cotransport system could not be demonstrated. However, this transport activity is significantly decreased in patients with chronic renal failure, during treatment with oestro-progestatives or during the oestrogenic phase of the menstrual cycle. These data strongly suggest that the cotransport activity could be modified not only by the hypertensive familial predisposition but also by environmental and hormonal influences.
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PMID:The erythrocyte sodium-potassium cotransport in hypertensive patients: advantages and limitations. 400 62

Estimated prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Malaysia was about 2%. Diabetes was most common in Indians especially males and least common in Chinese. There was a slight male preponderance seen in Malays and Indians. Positive family history was obtained in 14% of cases most commonly in Malays, almost 1/3 of whom had more than one family member with diabetes. Familial association was uncommon in Chinese. Over 50% of patients were overweight. Obesity was noted in nearly 70% of female Malays and Indians while the majority of Chinese were not overweight. More than 80% of patients were non insulin requiring. Youth onset diabetes was considered rare; those 10 years and below were estimated to be only 0.4% and below 20 years of age between 2%-4% of the diabetic population. Females were twice as common than males in this type of diabetes and familial association was greater. Malnutrition-related diabetes and pancreatic calcification were not well-documented but youth-onset non insulin requiring diabetics with mild symptoms but strong family history of diabetes were observed. More than half of hospital-based patients had evidence of complications, mainly amongst Malays and Indians. Hypertension was the most frequent associated disease followed by foot ulcers and ischaemic heart disease. Hypertension usually associated with chronic renal failure was most common amongst Malays while gangrenic ulcers and heart diseases were seen mainly in Indians. The major causes of death were chronic renal failure, myocardial infarction, ketoacidosis, stroke and septicaemia related to gangrene.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus in peninsular Malaysia: ethnic differences in prevalence and complications. 403 85

In order to study cation transport in vivo the changes in plasma and red cell rubidium concentrations were measured following an oral load of rubidium chloride. Eight patients receiving short-term digoxin therapy, 10 patients with chronic renal failure and 22 patients with untreated essential hypertension were studied, and the findings were compared with those in healthy control subjects matched for age, sex, race, obesity index, and plasma and red cell potassium concentrations. In patients receiving short-term digoxin therapy, and in patients with chronic renal failure, the increases in plasma rubidium concentrations after the oral load of rubidium chloride were significantly enhanced and the increases in red cell rubidium concentrations were significantly attenuated. These findings are consistent with a generalized reduction in Na+, K+-ATPase activity in vivo. In contrast, in patients with untreated essential hypertension the increases in both plasma and red cell rubidium concentrations following the oral load were significantly enhanced. These data do not support the hypothesis that essential hypertension is associated with reduced Na+, K+-ATPase activity in vivo, at least in the red cell.
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PMID:An in vivo study of cation transport in essential hypertension. 610 Jul 48


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