Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To investigate the characteristics of interval breast cancer in mass screening, comparisons were made of the following three groups: interval group (21 interval breast cancer cases), mass screening group (87 breast cancer cases detected by mass screening) and outpatient group (266 breast cancer cases diagnosed at outpatient clinics). There were no differences among the three groups in terms of the case distribution by age or obesity, but significant differences in the case distribution according to nodal involvement and tumor size. Histological grading of the malignancy of the primary tumors disclosed that the incidence of breast cancer showing frequent mitoses was high in the interval group compared to the mass screening and outpatient groups. The 7-year cumulative disease-free survival rate was 75.3% in the interval group, 90.0% in the mass screening group and 83.1% in the outpatient group. The mean tumor size of the interval cases at the time of mass screening, back-calculated on the basis of the estimated tumor doubling time, was 1.5 cm in diameter, smaller than that of the mass screening group. It is surmised that interval breast cancer is characterized by marked proliferation of the tumor cells and has a poorer prognosis than the other group cases. These findings might be due to the marked proliferation of interval breast cancer rather than because of cases having been overlooked at the time of the last screening.
 ...
PMID:The characteristics of interval breast cancer in mass screening. 129 27

Of the 101 patients with penile cancer, we have analyzed 66 from whom we had enough information: 42 (63.3%) patients with corpora cavernosa invasion (T2-3) and 24 (36.6%) without (T1). With respect to the tumor grade, in 36 (54.3%) patients it was well differentiated (G I), in 23 (34.8%) moderately (G II) and in 7 (10.6%) poorly differentiated (G III). We also analyzed the inguinal lymph node condition. Of the 66 patients, 28 (42.4%) developed nodal metastases, and 38 (57.6%) were considered free of nodal metastases and disease with an average follow-up of 76.2 months (range 38-192). The presence of metastatic nodes was influenced by both tumor stage and grade with significant differences between T2-3 and T1 (p = 0.001) and between G II-III and G I (p < 0.01), but each of them alone was not a sufficiently reliable predictive factor. In order to associate local stages and tumor grades in relation to the presence of metastatic nodes, we checked that none of the patients with T1, G I (group 1) developed nodal metastases, and therefore, 'wait and see' should be the suitable approach. Twenty (80%) of the patients with T2-3, G II-III (group 2) developed metastatic lymph nodes, thus, in this group, an early lymphadenectomy should be performed. In the remaining 22 patients with T1, G II-III and T2, G I (group 3), 8 (36.4%) showed metastatic lymph nodes; in this group, other factors such as age, cultural level and obesity should be taken into account when deciding on lymphadenectomy.
 ...
PMID:Corpus cavernosum invasion and tumor grade in the prediction of lymph node condition in penile carcinoma. 147 25

The current trial was designed to assess whether the addition of prednisone or prednisone + tamoxifen would enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of 1 year of adjuvant CMF therapy. Premenopausal women with ipsilateral axillary node-positive breast carcinoma and known estrogen receptor (ER) status were randomized to receive 1 year of postoperative treatment with 12 28-day cycles of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil (CMF), CMF plus prednisone (CMFP), or CMFP plus tamoxifen (CMFPT). There were 553 analyzed cases with 188 receiving CMF, 183 CMFP, and 182 CMFPT. The overall time to relapse (TTR) and survival comparisons between the regimens are not statistically different at a median follow-up time of 7.7 years. The major subgroups currently with a suggestive TTR difference are greater than 3N+ (CMFPT greater than CMF, P = 0.07) and estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) greater than 3N+ (CMFPT greater than CMF, P = 0.03). Patients receiving CMFPT appeared to have a superior survival to CMF in the ER- greater than 3N+ cohort (P = 0.02). The following patient characteristics were associated with a significantly longer TTR: decreasing nodal involvement or tumor size, positive ER status, age greater than or equal to 40 years, and decreasing obesity. The favorable effects of decreasing nodal involvement, positive ER status, age 40 years or greater, and decreasing obesity carried over to survival. Development of amenorrhea was also significantly associated with improved survival (P = 0.001). Toxicity was increased by the addition of prednisone to CMF and by the addition of tamoxifen to CMFP. Overall relapse patterns were similar among the three regimens. The results of the current trial do not currently suggest an overall therapeutic benefit for adding prednisone or only 1 year of tamoxifen to CMF adjuvant treatment.
 ...
PMID:Adjuvant chemohormonal therapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and prednisone (CMFP) or CMFP plus tamoxifen compared with CMF for premenopausal breast cancer patients. An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group trial. 240 34

Verapamil (0.15 mg/kg) was administered by 10-min intravenous infusion to 12 obese (127 +/- 8 kg) and 11 normal weight (74 +/- 4 kg) hypertensive patients. All subjects were of similar age and without clinical or laboratory evidence of cardiac or renal dysfunction. Verapamil plasma concentrations were determined and pharmacokinetic parameters derived. Electrocardiographic P-R interval, used as a measure of A-V nodal conduction, mean blood pressure, and heart rate were determined simultaneously with blood sampling for 24 h following the dose. Elimination half-life was prolonged in obese patients (10.1 +/- 1.8 vs. 3.6 +/- 0.4 h; p less than 0.005) due to a marked increase in volume of distribution at steady-state (713 +/- 99 vs. 301 +/- 33 L; p less than 0.005) with no change in total verapamil clearance [1,339 +/- 180 obese vs. 1,250 +/- 147 ml/min; not significant (NS)]. Verapamil plasma protein binding was similar between groups (percent unbound, 4.8 +/- 0.5 obese vs. 5.1 +/- 0.5%; NS). Using a sigmoid Emax pharmacodynamic model, Emax (maximal prolongation in P-R interval) was unchanged in obesity (53.7 +/- 12.5 obese vs. 45.9 +/- 12.0 ms; NS). However, EC50 (verapamil concentration required to achieve 50% of Emax prolongation in P-R interval) was greater in obese patients (45.9 +/- 6.7 vs. 22.6 +/- 2.0 ng/ml; p less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Verapamil pharmacodynamics and disposition in obese hypertensive patients. 245 16

The relationship between obesity and breast cancer has been investigated in 1281 Auckland breast cancer patients. Using a definition of obesity as a Body Mass Index (BMI) of greater than or equal to 28 kg/m2, 179 (14%) breast cancer patients were classified as obese. The heights, weights, and BMI of 822 breast cancer patients aged 35-64 compared to 518 randomly selected Auckland women of similar age showed no significant difference. Within the breast cancer patients, there was no variation in nodal status or estrogen and progesterone receptor status between obese and non-obese women. However, tumours greater than 5 cm occurred significantly more often in obese patients. Time to recurrence was reduced in obese women with tumours less than or equal to 5 cm, no tumour in the axillary nodes, positive estrogen or progesterone receptor, and without metastases at the time of presentation of the disease. Although obesity has not been shown to influence breast cancer incidence, an effect on tumour recurrence is seen in patients with less advanced disease. This is similar to other reports which suggest that obesity is a weak but positive risk factor for recurrence.
 ...
PMID:Influence of height, weight, and obesity on breast cancer incidence and recurrence in Auckland, New Zealand. 362 Jul 16

Arm lymphedema (ALE) was evaluated in 74 patients treated conservatively for breast cancer. ALE was defined based upon measurements performed upon 35 volunteer subjects who did not have and were never treated for breast cancer. Multiple variable statistical analysis of 74 breast cancer patients revealed that age at diagnosis was the most important factor related to the subsequent development of ALE. ALE appeared in 7 of 28 patients (25%) 60 years of age or older but in only 3 of 46 (7%) younger patients (p less than 0.02). Axillary node dissection (AND) was the only other statistically significant factor. For the younger patients, obesity and post-operative wound complications appeared to be contributing factors. For the older patients, AND technique was the only significant factor. ALE developed in only 1 of 10 (10%) of the older patients who underwent AND without splitting the pectoralis minor muscle (PMM), but in 6 of 11 (55%) who underwent AND with PMM split (p less than 0.03). Splitting the PMM during AND did not yield more lymph nodes for pathological analysis nor did it yield a higher incidence of patients with nodal metastases. Neither the use of lymph node radiation therapy fields, radiation to the full axilla, nor systemic chemotherapy was associated with ALE. We conclude that older patients are at higher risk of ALE and that this complication can possibly be reduced by not splitting the PMM during axillary node dissection.
 ...
PMID:Arm lymphedema in patients treated conservatively for breast cancer: relationship to patient age and axillary node dissection technique. 379 44

Evaluation of excretion and degradation of fecal steroids in 74 women with breast cancer in relation to stage, tumor size, and histopathologic nodal status revealed significant differences in relation to stage of disease and tumor size. The level of total fecal steroids (mean +/- SD in mg/g dry wt) in patients with Stage I disease was 40 + 20, Stage II = 56 +/- 32, and Stage III = 75 +/- 57 (P = 0.006). Secondary fecal steroids in women with Stage I disease were 26 +/- 16, Stage II = 40 +/- 27, and Stage III = 57 +/- 34 (P = 0.003). Fecal steroid excretion and degradation was significantly higher in women with larger tumors, whereas nodal status did not contribute to observed differences indicating that dissemination of disease did not influence the results. These differences were noted to be independent of obesity since similar patterns of fecal steroid excretion were noted within the subgroups of both lean and obese women. Increased levels of total fecal steroids and secondary compounds apparently contribute to tumor promotion and may reflect a potential for excess estrogen synthesis since intestinal bacteria have the ability to synthesize estradiol, estrone, and 3,17-methoxyestradiol from secondary steroids present in the colon.
 ...
PMID:Fecal steroid excretion and degradation and breast cancer stage. 685 24

Substantially different conclusions have been reached by several studies about relationships between mammary cancer and obesity. We studied retrospectively 106 consecutive patients who underwent mastectomy for breast cancer. We found no association between obesity per se and the frequency or time of recurrence. Our sample did reaffirm that recurrence of breast cancer is related to tumor size and nodal status. Obesity was similarly related to tumor size and nodal status. However, we could not confirm prior findings that obese patients with pathologically similar breast tumors had a poor prognosis.
 ...
PMID:Recurrence of breast cancer. Obesity, tumor size, and axillary lymph node metastases. 738 92

To better define the influence by host factors on very early breast cancer behavior, we retrospectively analyzed nodal status, diameter of the largest axillary metastasis (M), diameter of the primary tumor (P), the M/P ratio, tumor estrogen receptor status, age, obesity, and smoking habits in 176 women with node-positive breast cancer. Both M/P ratios and M were larger in the 72 obese women and in the 40 nonobese smokers than in the 64 nonobese nonsmokers after control for other factors. Step-wise regression analysis demonstrated independent associations between M/P ratios and obesity (p = 0.0002), larger primary tumors (p < 0.0001), more positive nodes (p < 0.0001), and smoking (p = 0.0268), as well as between M and obesity (p = 0.0201), larger primary tumors (p = 0.0093), and more positive nodes (p = 0.0001). Among the 104 nonobese women, smoking was associated both with larger M (p = 0.0257) and larger M/P (p = 0.0055). Our observations suggest more rapid growth by metastases in obese women and smokers with breast cancer, as well as earlier metastasis from their primary tumors.
 ...
PMID:Larger axillary metastases in obese women and smokers with breast cancer--an influence by host factors on early tumor behavior. 836 20

Mutations of the p53 gene are now known to be one of the most commonly detected genetic defects among human cancers. Because of its stability, the mutant p53 protein can be detected by immunohistochemical methods. Overexpression of the mutant p53 protein has been suggested as a prognostic indicator for the recurrence of breast cancer. Using a monoclonal antibody to p53, formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded breast cancer tissues retrieved from up to 10 years storage in the archival files were processed for staining. A total of 125 cases was examined p53 overexpression was identified by brown nuclear staining. Clinical parameters studied included estrogen and progesterone receptors, tumor size, nodal status, obesity, stage, and histopathological grade. The only significant association seen for p53 overexpression was with negative estrogen and progesterone receptors. All other clinical parameters studied were independent of p53 overexpression. Thus, p53 overexpression does not appear to be a useful prognostic indicator for recurrence and survival in human breast cancer.
 ...
PMID:p53 protein expression in human breast carcinoma: lack of prognostic potential for recurrence of the disease. 870 54


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>