Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

TGR5 (also known as GPBAR1, M-BAR, BG37, hGPCR19, and AXOR 109) is a specific membrane G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) of bile acids (BAs). It has recently become an attractive therapeutic target for the prevention and/or the treatment of obesity and its highly associated Type II diabetes and metabolic syndrome. It has also been implicated in many other inflammatory, cardiovascular, neurological, and hepatic diseases. This review briefly describes the biological rationale of TGR5 as an attractive therapeutic target and summarizes some recent efforts on the development of TGR5 modulators.
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PMID:TGR5 as a therapeutic target for treating obesity. 2018 Jul 62

The TGR5 receptor (or GP-BAR1, or M-BAR) was characterized ten years ago as the first identified G-coupled protein receptor specific for bile acids. TGR5 gene expression is widely distributed, including endocrine glands, adipocytes, muscles, immune organs, spinal cord, and the enteric nervous system. The effect of TGR5 activation depends on the tissue where it is expressed and the signalling cascade that it induces. Animal studies suggest that TGR5 activation influences energy production and thereby may be involved in obesity and diabetes. TGR5 activation also influences intestinal motility. This review provides an overview of TGR5-bile acid interactions in health as well as the possible involvement of TGR5 in human disease.
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PMID:The bile acid TGR5 membrane receptor: from basic research to clinical application. 2441 85

Disruption of insulin secretion and clearance both contribute to obesity-induced hyperinsulinemia, though reduced insulin clearance seems to be the main factor. The liver is the major site for insulin degradation, a process mainly coordinated by the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE). The beneficial effects of taurine conjugated bile acid (TUDCA) on insulin secretion as well as insulin sensitivity have been recently described. However, the possible role of TUDCA in insulin clearance had not yet been explored. Here, we demonstrated that 15 days treatment with TUDCA reestablished plasma insulin to physiological concentrations in high fat diet (HFD) mice, a phenomenon associated with increased insulin clearance and liver IDE expression. TUDCA also increased IDE expression in human hepatic cell line HepG2. This effect was not observed in the presence of an inhibitor of the hepatic membrane bile acid receptor, S1PR2, nor when its downstream proteins were inhibited, including IR, PI3K and Akt. These results indicate that treatment with TUDCA may be helpful to counteract obesity-induced hyperinsulinemia through increasing insulin clearance, likely through enhanced liver IDE expression in a mechanism dependent on S1PR2-Insulin pathway activation.
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PMID:Bile acid TUDCA improves insulin clearance by increasing the expression of insulin-degrading enzyme in the liver of obese mice. 2909 79