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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Atherosclerosis is more common and severe in DM. The purpose of this study was to compare the blood lipids profile and the prevalence of different coronary risk factors (CRF) in a mexican population with CHD (coronary heart disease) and DM compared with non DM patients. All had a history of myocardial infarction. Patients with nephropathy or other secondary causes of dyslipidema were excluded. There were two groups of 45 patients, 32 males, 13 females; age was 60 +/- 1 (SEM), body mass index (BMI) 26 +/- 6. Diabetes duration was 10 +/- 1 years. Diabetic individuals referred smoking in 58%, high blood pressure 55%, obesity (IQ greater than 27) 42%. There were no statistical differences with the non DM group. The mean values of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were similar in diabetics and non diabetics. HDL cholesterol was significantly lower in diabetic females (p less than 0.01). Hypoalphalipoproteinemia (HDL-C less than or equal to 30 mg/dL) was the most common abnormality in both groups (52% DM vs 38% nonDM) (p less than 0.01) Type IV phenotype was present in 40 vs 29% (NS). Lipid values were not related to BMI, metabolic control or diabetes type of treatment. To conclude, non insulin dependent diabetic patients with CHD have a high prevalence of CRF. Lipid abnormalities, particularly hypoalphalipoproteinemia and hypertriglyceridemia, could be a cause for the increased atherogenic risk, particularly in females.
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PMID:[Diabetes mellitus and ischemic cardiopathy: their relation to changes in plasma lipids and other coronary risk factors]. 209 Nov 76

This review has highlighted some of the experimental studies in animals and humans that have shown an important link between dietary change and atherosclerosis. This relationship was further supported by population studies showing a key role for saturated fat intake in the determination of serum cholesterol level and the prediction of CHD. Recent data linking dietary cholesterol independent of serum cholesterol level to the prediction of CHD were discussed as well. Various components of the diet and their effects on lipid and lipoproteins were reviewed. The chief factors in the diet which raise cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) are dietary cholesterol, saturated fat, and excess calories leading to obesity. Dietary factors useful in lowering cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol include monounsaturated fats, polyunsaturated fats, and dietary fiber, which can be substituted for saturated fats. The usefulness of a special class of polyunsaturated oil, the omega-3 fatty acids, in both lowering triglyceride levels and preventing thrombosis was also discussed. Although alcohol raises the HDL-c level, it is not clear that its use offers protection against CHD, and its risks clearly outweigh its advantages in this regard. Regular aerobic exercise is recommended as a healthier alternative to raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Also discussed was postprandial lipemia, which may prove to be another indicator of risk of CHD. Finally, the recent NCEP dietary guidelines were discussed along with practical suggestions as to their implementation.
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PMID:Diet, lipids, and coronary heart disease. 216 70

The prevalence of gout in the United States has been rising steadily for the past two decades. Hyperuricemia is considered a necessary but not sufficient precondition for gout. Known risk factors for gout include male sex, hypertension, renal insufficiency, obesity/weight gain, diuretic use, lead exposure, and family history. The association of gout and hyperuricemia with coronary artery disease is controversial. Current evidence from the Framingham Study suggests that gout is in fact an independent risk factor for CHD. These data suggest that patients with gout should be screened for modifiable risk factors for CHD, and that early intervention in such patients may be worthwhile. Finally, the effect of AHU as risk factor for CHD remains unclear but is probably a weak one.
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PMID:Gout and hyperuricemia. 221 57

The hypothesis that obesity-related hypertension is relatively innocuous was explored by an examination of cardiovascular events over 34 years of follow-up when related to biennially measured weights and blood pressures using time-dependent covariate proportional hazards analysis. The 5209 participants were also classified by age, cigarette smoking, and antihypertensive treatment at each of four baseline examinations with 8-year follow-up periods. Over the period of follow-up, there were 978 cardiovascular events in men and 836 in women. Risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in general and of CHD in particular was as strongly related to hypertension at all levels of body mass index. This was also found to apply when adjustment was made for possible confounding by cigarette smoking. Age and smoking-adjusted absolute risks of cardiovascular events were found to be higher in hypertensive individuals with high than with low BMIs. Furthermore, the relative risk of cardiovascular disease did not vary significantly with BMI. Thus hypertension is at least as dangerous in obese as in lean persons at all ages in either sex, providing no support for the hypothesis that hypertension in the obese is more benign. This is important, since obesity predisposes to hypertension and most who have hypertension are obese. This report examines the hypothesis for CVD outcomes considered by previous reports and also the subcategories of CVD disease such as myocardial infarction and stroke, and includes data on both men and women and on young and old.
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PMID:Is obesity-related hypertension less of a cardiovascular risk? The Framingham Study. 223 71

To elucidate the nature of lipid defects in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) concurrent with acute myocardial infarction (MI), the study was undertaken to examine the serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, alpha- and beta-lipoproteins with DM in the presence of acute MI. 40 non-diabetic patients with acute MI, 23 diabetics with postinfarct cardiosclerosis, and 17 non-insulin-dependent diabetics without signs of coronary atherosclerosis. Urinary epinephrine and norepinephrine excretion was additionally determined in the acute period and 3-4 weeks after therapy. Homogeneous lipid metabolic parameters were found in CHD patients with and without DM and when transient hyperglycemia developed. The patients with acute MI exhibited some increase in lipid consumption to satisfy the energy need for the cardiovascular system, this being true for triglycerides in DM patients. The DM patients who showed low triglyceride levels had more frequently transmural MI and MI complicated with heart failure. Obesity and familial histories of DM and CHD in DM patients with acute MI were ascertained to be accompanied by reduced serum alpha-lipoprotein concentrations.
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PMID:[The nature of changes in lipid metabolism in patients with diabetes mellitus associated with ischemic heart disease]. 227 41

To assess the limitations of 2 Dimensional Color Doppler Echocardiography in the evaluation of cardiac anatomy in children with congenital heart disease. 2DCDE were performed in 140 infants and children before cardiac catheterization and/or operation or autopsy. The segmental echocardiographic analysis included determination of intracardiac, great artery, systemic venous and pulmonary venous anatomy. Among 140 patients there were 270 separate cardiovascular abnormalities of which 215 (80%) were identified by 2D echo. There were 55 (20%) false negative diagnosis by 2DE. Small VSD, unusual location of PDA, stenosis of pulmonary arterial and venous system, intra pulmonary arterio-venous fistula and pseudotruncus were the lesions most likely to be misdiagnosed by 2DE. Color Doppler was useful to detect abnormal flow of valvular regurgitation or left to right shunt. Doppler is useful to detect abnormal flow from obstruction or regurgitation or left to right shunt and may be used to predict the pressure in the chambers of the heart and great artery. General limitation of 2DCDE to diagnose CHD include; obesity and emphysematous child, some inherent limitation in each instrument and also inexperienced echocardiographer.
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PMID:Limitation of 2 dimensional color Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease. 238 Jun 48

In 1986, a random sample of 400 males was examined at one of the Moscow enterprises. A registry developed at the enterprise was used to study risk factors for coronary heart disease such as arterial hypertension, smoking, obesity, and morbidity accompanied by temporary disability in 1986. The analysis showed that the major CHD risk factors: smoking, arterial hypertension, and obesity were significantly related to temporary disability parameters. The more "limited" criteria for hypertension, the closer relationship was to temporary disability in terms of both cardiovascular and other diseases. With these diseases, disability parameters in cases and days per 100 workers were significantly higher in smokers and ex-smokers than in non-smokers. The most relative risk for temporary disability was found in the ex-smokers as compared to smokers and non-smokers. The subjects with obesity were demonstrated to be at higher risk for temporary disability due to cardiovascular disease than those without it. No relation was found between temporary disability parameters and obesity for total morbidity.
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PMID:[Relation between the indicators of temporary disability and risk factors of ischemic heart disease in male industrial workers (epidemiological study)]. 239 74

Genetic and cultural heritability of plasma fibrinogen concentration was estimated by path analysis with environmental indices in 85 families identified by means of probands with early myocardial infarction and in 85 families randomly selected from the general population. A substantial proportion of the variance of the plasma fibrinogen level, 51%, was accounted for by genetic heritability, whereas the cultural heritability was negligible. No intergenerational differences were indicated in genetic or cultural heritability. The combined effect of obesity and smoking was found to explain 3% of the variance of the plasma fibrinogen level. The demonstration of such substantial genetic control further supports the view that plasma fibrinogen is a primary risk factor for CHD rather than a reflection of the severity of manifest disease.
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PMID:Genetic and cultural inheritance of plasma fibrinogen concentration. 288 59

Methods and efficacy of correction of kinesitherapy, body mass and cholesterolemia in CHD prevention were studied in 162 patients with pathology of the locomotor system combined with obesity in the Pyatigorsk health resort area. Various methods of exercise therapy and special diets (low-caloric and subcaloric--6694-10460 kJ) combined with methods of balneotherapy were used. Favorable shifts in the clinical status of patients, an increase in their physical activity 2-fold and more, a decrease in excess body mass, a decrease in the blood level of total cholesterol (in 78%), an increase in alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol (65%), and a decrease in cholesterol atherogenic index (in all patients with initial pathology) were noted.
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PMID:[Experience with the risk factor-based prevention of ischemic heart disease at a Pyatigorsk health resort]. 296 24

A three-decade examination of the prevalence, incidence, secular trends, and prognosis of cardiac failure in the Framingham Study provides insights into its epidemiology. Annual incidence of CHF is observed to increase from 3 to 1000 at ages 35-64, to 10 per 1000 at ages 65-94. There is a slight male predominance, owing to a higher rate of coronary disease, which conferred a fourfold risk of cardiac failure. Most cardiac failure is on the basis of long-standing hypertension or CHD. Silent infarctions were as predisposing for CHF as symptomatic MIs surviving 1 year. Hypertension is a major predisposing factor that at least triples the CHF risk, the systolic component being more predictive than the diastolic component. Correctable predisposing risk factors for CHF include: elevated blood pressure, impaired glucose tolerance, elevated cholesterol, low HDL-cholesterol, obesity, and a high hematocrit. Risk factors reflecting deteriorating cardiac function also were highly predictive, including: an enlarged heart, poor vital capacity, sinus tachycardia, and ECG-LVH. Commonly encountered ECG abnormalities such as intraventricular block, nonspecific repolarization abnormality, and ECG-LVH are all associated with a substantial risk of CHF. ECG-LVH carries a higher risk than x-ray enlargement. Sudden death was a common feature with CHF, occurring at 5 times the general population rate, even excluding those with overt CHD. Using the standard cardiovascular risk factors (age, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose, cigarettes, and ECG-LVH) jointly, it is possible to identify one tenth of the population from which 40% of CHF events evolve, in the absence of interim CHD or RHD.
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PMID:Epidemiology and risk profile of cardiac failure. 315 46


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