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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Obesity is regarded in its triple connotation of symptom, risk factor and homeostatic organization, stressing the inadequacy of traditional formulations about psychological causation. Psychological factors most frequently associated to obesity are excessive intake, complications of dieting and alterations of body image. The predictive role of psychophysiological dimensions of Restraint, Disinhibition and Hunger is discussed on the basis of empirical information. ICD-10 formulations are considered a positive advance in the taxonomy of syndromes with alterations of body weight.
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PMID:[Obesity and feeding behavior: diagnostic and psychometric aspects]. 130 61

Risk factors of smoking, drug and alcohol abuse, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle were related to health problems of clients at a walk-in clinic for the homeless. The sample of 1252 clients was predominately male (91.4%) and multiethnic, with a majority (65%) age 18 to 40 years. Data on diagnoses of health-related conditions were collected from clinic charts, coded into ICD categories, analyzed for relationships of risk factors to health problems, and compared with categories of diagnoses in a matched national sample of ambulatory care visits. Findings indicate that a larger proportion of homeless suffered from health problems in 24 of 27 diagnostic categories than the nonhomeless. Most prevalent were respiratory, dermal conditions, injuries, and digestive problems, in that order. Risk factors of alcohol abuse, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, drug abuse, and obesity were predictive of health problems in 18 of the categories analyzed. The findings suggest that immediate interventions such as education and rehabilitation to reduce risk factors, and provision of facilities for personal hygiene and cleaning of clothing could reduce some of the health-related conditions in this population while longer-term solutions of housing and employment are sought. The analysis model developed here appears to be a useful way of comparing relative effects of risk factors as a basis for establishing priorities for interventions.
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PMID:Risk factors for disease in a homeless population. 148 17

The U.S.A. has the distinction of being the "fattest" nation in the world, with an estimated 34 million obese citizens. Of grave concern is the reported finding that obesity contributes to 20% of the annual mortality rate, primarily for such conditions as diabetes mellitus, digestive diseases, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease. In 1982, the Navy initiated the "Health and Physical Readiness Program" in order to establish body fat percentages and physical conditioning standards and to provide Navy personnel with weight reduction and other health promotion programs. Participation in such programs is expected to help overweight personnel solve their weight problems and reduce the risks of obesity-related conditions. The purpose of this study was (1) to identify the health conditions recorded in a sample of U.S. Navy enlisted men who had been diagnosed as obese during one or more of their admissions to a Naval hospital from 1974 through 1984, (2) to determine whether these disorders correspond with those reported in the scientific literature, and (3) to examine the obesity-related costs in terms of numbers of days hospitalized and career outcome. The patient population consisted of 518 U.S. Navy enlisted men who were given a primary diagnosis of obesity and 1,092 who received a secondary or additional diagnosis of obesity on at least one of their inpatient medical records between 1974 and 1984. A 10% sample of Navy male patients, all of whom had not been diagnosed as obese, was selected as a comparison group (n = 30,829). All diagnoses (ICD-9) for each hospitalization were included in the data compilations; however, each unique diagnosis was only counted once.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Profiling overweight patients in the U.S. Navy: health conditions and costs. 178 60

The complications of surgical treatment for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) are important to know, but hard to measure because of their low incidence and varied pattern. Using data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey, which codes discharges and procedures according to the ICD-9-CM, we assessed acute complication rates for 3,289 surgically treated LDH patients and 4,025 nonoperative LDH patients, identifying complications from codiagnoses. The complication rates were significantly correlated with the postoperative length of stay and with the risk factors of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. We found fewer instances of thrombophlebitis (0.3/1,000) and slightly lower mortality (0.9/1,000) than previously reported. Although the frequency of the cauda equina syndrome in the literature approximates our findings of 5/1,000, our data did not allow correction for the fraction of preexistent cauda equina syndromes. Our any-complication-rate is 3.7%. Even though LDH surgery is relatively safe, its complications should not be overlooked.
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PMID:Acute complications in patients with surgical treatment of lumbar herniated disc. 213 9

In the introduction classification of socalled "psychosomatic" disorders in ICD-9 and DSM-III are critically reviewed and supplemented by the author's proposal. Furthermore, main findings coming from international epidemiological research on diseases usually involving tissue damage (bronchial asthma, peptic ulcer, neurodermatitis) and the eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, obesity) are reported. Findly, some conclusions with regard to treatment of the afflicted clientele and research are drawn.
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PMID:[Classification and epidemiology of psychosomatic disorders in children and adolescents]. 278 84

A morbidity survey in the Falkland Islands, conducted in 1979, showed that Falkland Islands men had a lower prevalence of hypertension than their counterparts in the United Kingdon. Such a difference was not found in women.As a migrant population, Falkland Islanders are unusual in that they moved from a developed society to a more traditional setting. In men, but not in women, the change in environment led to a greater proportion of the population engaging in a high level of habitual physical activity and to a low prevalence of obesity.These findings (based on ICD codes rather than BP measurements) are consistent with the hypothesis that such a change in lifestyle may have resulted in the lower population prevalence of hypertension observed in the morbidity survey, and the implications could be important for public health.
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PMID:The low prevalence of hypertension in Falkland Islands men. 647 Oct 24

Increasing incidence of renal cell carcinoma in Western countries raises particular attention to its etiology. Diet may be related to risk for renal cell carcinoma since obesity has been linked with this malignant condition. A case-control study with 277 incident renal cell cancer patients (ICD 189.0) and 286 population controls was conducted in the Rhein-Neckar-Odenwald area, Germany, in the period of 1989 to 1991. The core study protocol included a face-to-face interview about demographical parameters, previous diseases, medication, tobacco smoking, occupational history, occupational exposures, beverage consumption, and obesity. In addition, study participants were asked to fill in a self-administered food frequency questionnaire with 122 food items to estimate overall food intake. Fifty-six % of the cases and 74% of the controls participated in this part of the study (n = 155 cases and 212 controls). This was 47% of the original cases (n = 328) and 56% of the controls (n = 381). No selection bias could be identified with regard to age group, gender, educational status or recent BMI in the analyzed group compared with the eligible cases and controls. Relative risk (RR) estimates for tertiles of consumption revealed a significantly increased risk with increasing intake of fat spread (RR of high intake compared to low intake: 1.90 (95% CI 1.08-3.32)). Increased risk was also found for intake of meat and meat products (RR of high intake compared to low intake: 1.71 (95% CI 0.96-3.04)) and energy adjusted fat (RR of high intake compared to low intake: 1.64 (95% CI 0.95-2.83)). A decreased risk was seen with increasing intake of fruit (RR of high intake compared to low intake: 0.40 (95% CI 0.23-0.69)) and of vitamin C (RR of high intake compared to low intake: 0.62 (95% CI 0.37-1.05)). Beverage consumption, preparation of food and eating pattern were not linked with risk of renal cell cancer. The relative risk estimates of spreading fat (sauce and vitamin C intake were tested in two models, with and without including BMI as covariate. In both models significant associations of these nutritional variables with risk for renal cell cancer remained. The current results indicate that specific food pattern associated with obesity explain differences in incidence of renal cell carcinoma in industrialized countries.
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PMID:Diet, obesity and risk for renal cell carcinoma: results from a case control-study in Germany. 909 33

Apolipoprotein is now a new biochemical marker for evolution of atherosclerosis, even better than lipid fraction. We studied seric apolipoprotein A and B (Apo A, B) on 50 cases with complicated obesity, with ages between 37-52 years, and 15 males and 35 females. Selection criteria were: android constitution, obesity, essential hypertension (EHT). We also made statistical correlations on IBM PC compatible computer using chi-square test. We correlated glycoregulation abnormalities with body mass index (BMI > 25) with meaningfully value (p < 0.005) or with complicated EHT less meaningfully (p < 0.2). On this background, we appreciated the predictive value of seric levels of Apo A, B and Apo B/A ratio > 1. EHT correlates with low levels of seric Apo A very meaningfully (p < 0.0001) and this association is higher correlated when added ICD (P < 0.00001). There is no significant relationship between high levels of seric Apo B and EHT in our study, but it is significant for Apo B/A > 1 (p < 0.0001). EHT with seric cholesterol are not correlated (p:NS). Our conclusion is that seric Apo A and Apo B/A are statistical predictive risk factors for complicated EHT on android obese persons (X syndrome).
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PMID:[Apolipoproteins-a cardiovascular risk factor within the context of syndrome X]. 945 12

A retrospective review of the cases of congestive heart failure admitted to Holberton Hospital in Antigua in 1995 and 1996 was undertaken. Two hundred and ninety-three (293) patients were identified by International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) coding as having congestive cardiac failure in the period but only 138 charts were either available or fitted the definition of congestive cardiac failure and these provided the basis for this analysis. The average age of patients admitted for congestive cardiac failure was 69 years (range: 5 months to 99 years), and 63% were female. the aetiology of congestive cardiac failure was hypertension (41%), ischaemia (33%), valvular (12%), alcohol related (2%), idiopathic (5%) and mixed (7%). Treatment included diuretics (95%), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (78%), digoxin (75%), nitrates (34%), calcium channel blockers (25%), other vasodilators (7%) and antiarrhythmics (5%). Of those with congestive heart failure, diabetes was present in 38%, atrial fibrillation in 19%, renal insufficiency in 17%, elevated cholesterol in 11%, obesity in 9% and tobacco use in 7%. The in-hospital mortality in the 2-year period was 17.4% (females 15%, males 22%, 11% < 65 years, 20% > 65 years, 14% for those with 1 to 3 admissions and 83% for those with > 3 admissions, 19% for those with atrial fibrillation and 16% for those without). The prevalence of congestive cardiac failure utilizing the data analysed in this study (138 patients) was 0.21% of the population of the island state but based on the discharge diagnosis using ICD-10 coding it was 0.5%; it was 1% in the 40 to 65-year-age group and 4% in those > 65 years of age. The patients in this study represented only those with New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes III and IV, hence the true prevalence would be higher than recorded here. Congestive cardiac failure is emerging as a significant health problem in Antigua and Barbuda.
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PMID:The prevalence, aetiology and treatment of congestive cardiac failure in Antigua and Barbuda. 1055 60

The rapidly rising prevalence of obesity, worldwide, has prompted re-evaluations of the definitions and diagnostic criteria, and of the extent of the burden it contributes to health care services. Although categorized arbitrarily for epidemiological purposes according to BMI > 25 kg/m2 ('overweight') and BMI > 30 kg/m2 ('obese'), the disease itself (ICD code E.66) is the process of excess fat accumulation. It leads to multiple organ-specific pathological consequences, particularly if there is a tendency to intra-abdominal fat accumulation. The simplest field method to identify obesity and risk of medical problems is the waist circumference, and this method has found a special role in health promotion. Risks begin with waist > 80 cm (women) or > 94 cm (men). As a broad generalization, obesity produces few symptoms below the age of 40 years, but then several symptoms often develop; tiredness, breathlessness, back pain, arthritis, sweatiness, poor sleeping, depression and menstrual disorders all being common. The symptoms are often attributed to diseases in other body systems. Metabolic diseases like diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and, hypertension develop later, but the mean BMI at diagnosis of diabetes is 28 kg/m2. Ultimately, obesity increases the likelihood of myocardial infarction, stroke and several major cancers, but its biggest impact on health, especially in the elderly, is probably the multiplicity of effects on other body systems. The greatest challenge for public health is to develop effective preventive measures, recognizing that BMI > 25 kg/m2 before the age of 20 years is a very strong predictor of obesity and ill health in adulthood.
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PMID:Pathophysiology of obesity. 1099 48


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