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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Body mass index was determined for 953 subjects, randomly selected from the electoral roll of a town in south-west England. Morbidity was estimated using a questionnaire.The prevalence of obesity (body mass index < 28) was 21 per cent for males and 22 per cent for females. Overall morbidity was significantly increased in obese females. The three main disease groups that were more prevalent in both the obese males and females were hypertension, cardiovascular disease and musculoskeletal disorders.
J R Coll Gen Pract 1984 Jun
PMID:Obesity in a Somerset town: prevalence and relationship to morbidity. 674 35

Bulimia is a poor prognostic sign in anorexia nervosa. This raised the question of whether bulimia represented an "end stage" of chronic anorexia nervosa or whether bulimic patients were a distinct subgroup. All subjects seen by us personally from 1970 to 1978 were included in this study provided they met modified criteria of Feighner et al (1972). Of this group, 68 experienced bulimia and 73 did not (restricters). Bulimic patients had a history of weighing more and were more commonly premorbidly obese. Bulimic patients were those who vomited and misused laxatives. The bulimic group displayed a variety of impulsive behaviors, including use of alcohol and street drugs, stealing, suicide attempts, and self-mutilation. With regard to family history, the high frequency of obesity in the mothers of bulimic patients was noteworthy. The two groups share features common to patients with primary anorexia nervosa. However, these results suggest a different group of women are predisposed to have anorexia nervosa develop with bulimia.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1980 Sep
PMID:The heterogeneity of anorexia nervosa. Bulimia as a distinct subgroup. 693 88

The effects of behavior therapy, pharmacotherapy, and their combination were compared in 120 women during six months of treatment of obesity and one year after treatment. Patients who received fenfluramine hydrochloride alone lost 14.5 kg, ad those who had combined pharmacotherapy and behavior therapy lost 15.3 kg; both losses were significantly greater than that of those who had behavior therapy alone (10.9 kg). A waiting-list control group gained 1.3 kg. One-year follow-up of all living patients who completed treatment showed a striking reversal in the relative efficacy of the treatments. Behavior-therapy patients regained significantly less than pharmacotherapy and combined-treatment patients. Accordingly, at follow-up, these groups did not differ significantly in weight loss. Thus, pharmacotherapy produced more rapid regaining of weight after treatment. Furthermore, adding pharmacotherapy to behavior therapy apparently compromised the long-term effects of the latter treatment.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1981 Jul
PMID:Behavior therapy and pharmacotherapy for obesity. 724 39

On the assumption that external responsiveness and environmental characteristics jointly determine whether a child will achieve an excessive weight gain, perpetuating and maintaining obesity, probability hierarchy was hypothesized and tested. Ss of the study were 24 obese and 24 average-weight, white boys, mean age 9 years, 5 months. An auditory distraction task and Kagan's Matching Familiar Figures Test were used to measure auditory and visual responsivity to external cues, respectively. Socioeconomic status was used as an indicator of the childhood environment. As predicted, the greatest percentages of obese children were observed in the lower-socioeconomic, external group, followed by the lower-socioeconomic, internal group and middle-socioeconomic, external group. The smallest percentage of obese children was observed in the middle-socioeconomic, internal group.
J Gen Psychol 1981 Jul
PMID:Externality, environment, and obesity in children. 726 15

The effects of behavior therapy with and without either pharmacotherapy or couples training were studied in 124 obese adults. In a 16-week behavioral weight-reduction program, patients were assigned to medication (fenfluramine hydrochloride) and no-medication conditions and to three spouse conditions in a 2 x 3 design. Two conditions consisted of patients with "cooperative" spouses; in one, patients were treated with their spouses, and in the other they were treated alone. In the third, patients with "uncooperative" spouses were treated alone. Fenfluramine produced significantly greater weight losses than no medication, but patients in the medication group regained weight much more rapidly during a 12-month maintenance period. The spouse conditions did not differ in weight change during treatment or follow-up. Obese spouses lost as much weight as the patients and were slightly more successful than the patients at maintaining their losses. Patients with obese spouses lost more weight than patients with nonobese spouses. Depression decreased in proportion to decrease in weight.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1981 Nov
PMID:Couples training, pharmacotherapy, and behavior therapy in the treatment of obesity. 730 2

Several new developments promise to improve the lot of the morbidly obese. Perhaps the most important of these is the gradual recognition that morbid obesity is a serious illness that is not the result of immorality or gluttony but is, in most cases, a disabling genetically determined handicap. The second advance was the agreement at the National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference, March 25-27, 1991 that medical therapies generally fail to control severe obesity and that surgery should be considered for those individuals who have a body mass index over 40 and, if the comorbidities of obesity, such as diabetes or sleep apnea, are present, to consider surgical intervention when the body mass index is greater than 35. The third development has been the improvement of bariatric surgery, ie, the surgery for morbid obesity, with better operations, better quality controls, and rigorous follow-up. This article reviews the newer concepts of morbid obesity as a disease, delineates the indications for surgery, describes the currently recommended operations, and presents the risks and benefits of these procedures.
Curr Opin Gen Surg 1993
PMID:The surgical treatment of morbid obesity. 758 66

Examination of thyroxine usage in a study in the United States of America revealed that many patients were prescribed thyroxine for non-thyroid indications, such as obesity and fatigue. Many of those receiving thyroxine had high or low serum thyroid stimulating hormone levels, indicating prescription of incorrect doses or lack of patient compliance with therapy. Long term thyroxine therapy may have effects upon the risk of osteoporosis. The aims of this study were to investigate indications for thyroxine prescription in the United Kingdom and to examine the frequency of abnormal serum thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations in those prescribed thyroxine for hypothyroidism. This was in order to determine the relevance of measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone level in monitoring thyroxine therapy. Subjects receiving thyroxine were identified from the computerized prescribing records of four general practices in the West Midlands. Of 18,944 patients registered, 146 (0.8%) were being prescribed thyroxine; 134 of these had primary hypothyroidism and the remainder had other thyroid or pituitary diseases prior to treatment. Of the 97 patients with primary hypothyroidism who agreed to have their thyroid stimulating hormone level measured, abnormal serum levels were found in 48%, high levels in 27% and low levels in 21%. There was a significant relationship between prescribed thyroxine dose and median serum thyroid stimulating hormone level: high hormone levels were found in 47% of those prescribed less than 100 micrograms thyroxine per day, while low levels were found in 24% of those prescribed 100 micrograms or more. Thus, thyroxine prescription was common in the four practices sampled, although indications for its use were appropriate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Br J Gen Pract 1993 Mar
PMID:Thyroxine prescription in the community: serum thyroid stimulating hormone level assays as an indicator of undertreatment or overtreatment. 812 26

1. Groups of lean and obese-diabetic (NIDDM) congenic male SHR/Nutl parallel-cp rats were fed a nutritionally adequate, high carbohydrate diet ad libitum with or without the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol (150 mg/kg diet) from 8 until 15 weeks of age, and key glycemic parameters were monitored throughout the study. 2. Miglitol treatment resulted in clinical improvement toward normal in percent glycosylated hemoglobin, glycemic and insulinogenic responses to an oral glucose tolerance, and in liver glucokinase activity, in concert with modest decreases in weight gain in obese rats. 3. These observations are consistent with improved insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues following miglitol treatment, and indicate that this drug may be a useful adjunct to diet in the treatment of obesity, NIDDM, and possibly other disorders of carbohydrate metabolism.
Gen Pharmacol 1993 Mar
PMID:The effects of the intestinal glucosidase inhibitory BAY M 1099 (miglitol) on glycemic status of obese-diabetic rats. 848 29

A chart audit of 115 adults and 113 children seen consecutively in an internal medicine/pediatrics residency was conducted to assess recognition of obesity and appropriateness of suggested therapy. Patients were categorized as obese, overweight, or normal based on body mass index. Forty-four percent of the children and 50% of the adults were classified as overweight or obese. Residents were more likely to document obesity in adults (53%) than in children (18%, p < 0.0001). Higher degree of obesity in adults increased resident documentation of the condition (p = 0.022), but presence of additional cardiovascular risk factors did not. When overweight or obesity was recognized, residents chose appropriate therapy. Enhanced education to improve recognition of obesity appears warranted.
J Gen Intern Med 1993 May
PMID:Outpatient evaluation of obesity in adults and children: a review of the performance of internal medicine/pediatrics residents. 850 88

Evidence from meta-analyses, physiological data and individual studies suggests that diet and exercise are important in the aetiology and treatment of many of the conditions that are managed predominantly in primary care (hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and excess alcohol intake). However, much of the evidence comes from outside primary care, and it is doubtful whether those studies done in primary care used optimal intervention strategies. A priority for future research should be to demonstrate the feasibility, efficacy and efficiency of lifestyle interventions in a general practice setting.
Br J Gen Pract 1996 Mar
PMID:The importance of diet and physical activity in the treatment of conditions managed in general practice. 873 28


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