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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

More than 5,000 food choices were observed at nine eating sites--four where meals were served and five where snacks were served. Caloric content of food choice was strongly affected by eating site and there was great variability in the amount chosen at each site. Men chose somewhat more food than women. Body weight had no overall effect on food choice, although obese people chose somewhat more food than nonobese people at one site--that serving food with the highest caloric content. These findings are consistent with the six earlier studies of food choice, which concluded that the major influence on how much people choose to eat is where they eat, and that there is great variability in the amount they choose at any one site. The presence of obesity is not a major determinant of food choice in public places.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979 Jul
PMID:Obesity and food choices in public places. 45 95

The introduction of behavior modification in the treatment of obesity a decade ago resulted in a substantial increase in weight loss of persons treated for mild to moderate obesity. It has been hoped that this increased effectiveness of treatment would extend also to maintenance of weight loss, and the first controlled clinical trial suggested that it did. This article reports the results of (1) a five-year follow-up of this first trial and (2) all follow-up studies of behavior modification for obesity yet conducted, six published and four previously unpublished. A new method of data analysis shows that weight losses are only modestly maintained, although the question of how their maintenance compares with that of other treatments cannot be answered because comparable data on other treatments are not available. In contrast to the vast amount of work on the initiation and generalization of behavior change, study of its maintenance has been a neglected area of behavior modification. We suggest that this area constitutes a new frontier for research in behavior modification.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979 Jul
PMID:Behavior modification in the treatment of obesity. The problem of maintaining weight loss. 45 96

During a two-month period in general practice we compared morbidity records from the teaching practices at Southampton, UK, and Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Although the commonest conditions - emotional disorders, upper respiratory tract infection, and musculo-skeletal disorders - were equally prevalent, obesity was five times as prevalent and hypertension and urinary tract infection were twice as prevalent in Nijmegen as in Southampton. The Dutch doctors were far more ready to prescribe oral contraception to women over 50 years old. We met many difficulties in what had appeared to be a simple project and our results may reflect important differences about doctors' attitudes to care as well as differences in morbidity.
J R Coll Gen Pract 1979 Feb
PMID:Some difficulties in comparing morbidity between countries. 48 Mar

Similarities in anomalous perception of internal gastric states and sensitivity to distraction among the obese to variations in perceptual reactance suggest that the obese tend to augment the intensity of visceral cues associated with hunger. It was hypothesized that the obese would be overrepresented at the augmenter end of the perceptual reactance continuum. Thirteen obese (six male, seven female) and 14 nonobese (eight male, six female) college students participated in a study in which perceptual reactance was assessed by degree of Kinesthetic Figural Aftereffect (KFA). A highly significant relationship in the predicted direction was observed for perceptual reactance category and mean percent weight deviation. Additionally, there was a highly significant interaction of sex by category, with the hypothesized relationship intensified for the female Ss. Results supported interpretation of obesity as a consequence of animalous perception of cues associated with consuming behavior.
J Gen Psychol 1978 Apr
PMID:Obesity and perceptual reactance. 55 89

The care of 43 patients with obesity has been reviewed at least ten years after first presentation. In five patients (12 per cent) there was a successful result, 27 patients (63 per cent) were regarded as failures, and the remaining 11 (25 per cent) were only partially successful. These results are similar to reports from hospital obesity clinics but less favourable than those from general practitioners with an interest in obesity.No definite correlation with the ultimate results of weight control was shown with age or a family history of obesity, but patients who coincidentally required tranquillizers and anti-depressants were more successful at long-term weight loss. Initial weight loss on diet alone gave no guidance as to the final result. Patients who received anorectics for periods totalling more than 12 months had poor long-term benefit.
J R Coll Gen Pract 1977 Aug
PMID:Ten-year follow-up of obesity. 61 37

There was no significant difference between the assessments by two groups of randomly-selected general practitioners on the effectiveness of the drug treatment for 19 common clinical conditions. The treatment of simple iron deficiency anaemia was considered the most effective and gained the highest consensus. Least effective, but not matched by worst consensus, was the drug treatment for obesity. The most widespread disagreement among the practitioners was for the effectiveness of the drug treatment of gastroenteritis.
J R Coll Gen Pract 1976 Dec
PMID:The assessment by doctors of the effectiveness of drugs. 101 Dec 6

A community-orientated programme for the control of hypertension, atherosclerotic disease, and diabetes has been developed in a family practice in a neighbourhood of Jerusalem. Intervention is directed mainly towards the control of risk factors associated with these diseases.The programme has specific objectives for diet, smoking, obesity, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, glucose intolerance, and diabetes mellitus, and the identification and treatment of patients with cardiovascular diseases. The survey seeks to identify the nature and extent of problems, intervention by medicinal and educational means, and continuing surveillance and evaluation.The programme aims to test and demonstrate the feasibility of carrying out multifactorial community health care within the framework of a family practice, thereby developing a joint practice of primary health care and community medicine.
J R Coll Gen Pract 1976 Mar
PMID:The control of hypertension, atherosclerotic diseases, and diabetes in a family practice. 126 74

We examined the results of a stratified random sample of 50 weight-loss studies conducted in the 1980s for weight change, change in overweight percentage, and improvement in physical health during treatment and follow-up. The typical participant was a White, middle-class woman 48% over her average weight before treatment, who lost 12.8 lb during a 13-week treatment program and then regained 4.3 lb over the next 6.5 months. Treatment efficacy was not improved when only the most successful treatment conditions were examined or when the studies conducted at the end of the decade were compared with earlier studies. Only one study examined change in physical health during weight loss, and only one study showed that participants moved from clinical to nonclinical levels of obesity. In light of these results, we argue that treating obesity through dieting techniques may be a misdirected goal.
Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr 1992 Nov
PMID:Outcomes of weight-loss programs. 129 55

A survey was carried out among 281 men and women aged between 30 and 64 years randomly selected from five general practices located in the inner London borough of Tower Hamlets, to determine the prevalence of risk factors for coronary heart disease. Smoking and obesity were both more pronounced in Tower Hamlets than in comparable national studies: 51% of men and 44% of women were smokers and 57% of these were smoking 20 or more cigarettes per day. A body mass index of 30 or more was present in 18% of men and 10% of women and a body mass index of 25 or more in 71% of men and 49% of women. Two or more risk factors for coronary heart disease (smoking and/or hypertension and/or raised cholesterol levels) were present in 25% of men and 22% of women. For every person known by their general practitioner to have established cardiovascular disease, there were an additional two people also at risk on the basis of multiple risk factors. In this inner city population the prevalence of cardiovascular risk, for women as well as men, has major resource and organizational implications for primary care. A strategy for change requires action based on graded multiple risks for both men and women.
Br J Gen Pract 1992 Sep
PMID:Risk factors for coronary heart disease: a study in inner London. 145 74

The relationship between social status and coronary heart disease in the United Kingdom is well established with the more socially disadvantaged being at higher risk. There is also evidence that the levels of most of the known coronary risk factors vary with social status in a way consistent with their relationship to coronary heart disease. Using data from the Scottish heart health study the aim of this study was to quantify, for men and women, the variation in four of the main coronary heart disease risk factors--smoking, serum total cholesterol level, blood pressure and obesity--according to a number of social factors--occupational social class, housing tenure, level of education and employment status. The analyses used both mean risk factor levels as well as the percentages above suggested cut off levels, in order to provide estimates of the percentage of people at risk. All the risk factors, apart from total cholesterol level in men, showed fairly consistent variation across social groups with the more socially disadvantaged being at higher risk. Similar social variation was found for the percentages above the cut off levels, and these indicate that nearly 60% of the Scottish population aged 40-59 years, have one or more risk factors for coronary heart disease. These results suggest that some targeting of health education and management is appropriate, and this is especially relevant as the reforms to the National Health Service set health targets for health authorities and encourage general practitioners to provide health promotion services.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Br J Gen Pract 1992 Oct
PMID:Variation in coronary risk factors by social status: results from the Scottish Heart Health Study. 146 17


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