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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since 1982, we have performed 384 courses of CHOP chemotherapy for 89 patients with malignancy including 70 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, adhering to the original regimen as strictly as possible. As severe acute reactions, myelosuppression, fever, arrhythmia, hemorrhagic cystitis, and perforation of duodenal ulcer were seen. Rates of fever had no tendency to increase with advancing age. Three patients only with diabetes mellitus had no severe side effects. Three patients with liver cirrhosis showed severe myelosuppression and fever. One patient both with liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus died from the infection due to CHOP chemotherapy, however the other febrile patients did not have life threatening infection. Thirty three percent (11/33 courses) of the patients with obesity experienced severe myelosuppression (WBC less than 1,000), while 55% (33/60 courses) of the patients without obesity. However satisfactory treatment results were not obtained in the patients with obesity. We consider that CHOP chemotherapy is excellent in feasibility even for the aged patients or the patients with diabetes mellitus. However, we suggest that the dose of CHOP chemotherapy should be reduced for the patients with liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:[Feasibility of CHOP chemotherapy--with special reference to age, diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis and obesity]. 273 36

We used the nation-wide Swedish Family-Cancer Database to analyse cancer risks in men who had had children with more than one woman. Cancer cases were retrieved from the Swedish Cancer Registry from years 1961-1998. A total of 2.9 million men and 298,134 cancer cases were covered. For men having children with two, three or more women, increasing risk trends were shown for upper aerodigestive tract, lung, urinary bladder and oesophageal cancers. Decreasing trends were observed for tumours of the colon, skin (squamous cell and melanoma), nervous system and endocrine glands and against myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The present results indicated that men who had had children with multiple women showed an excess of smoking- and alcohol consumption-related cancers. The decreased risks for colon cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and melanoma were possibly related to lifestyle factors connected with economic deprivation, less obesity and physical fitness. These ill-defined protected factors may be a challenge to epidemiological studies.
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PMID:Cancer risks in men who had children with different partners from the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. 1451 98

The authors conducted a population-based, case-control study of 21,022 incident cases of 19 types of cancer and 5,039 controls aged 20-76 years during 1994-1997 to examine the association between obesity and the risks of various cancers. Compared with people with a body mass index of less than 25 kg/m(2), obese (body mass index of > or = 30 kg/m(2)) men and women had an increased risk of overall cancer (multivariable adjusted odds ratio = 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22, 1.48), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (odds ratio = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.72), leukemia (odds ratio = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.32, 1.96), multiple myeloma (odds ratio = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.46, 2.89), and cancers of the kidney (odds ratio = 2.74, 95% CI: 2.30, 3.25), colon (odds ratio = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.61, 2.31), rectum (odds ratio = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.36, 2.00), pancreas (odds ratio = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.19, 1.92), breast (in postmenopausal women) (odds ratio = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.33, 2.06), ovary (odds ratio = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.44, 2.64), and prostate (odds ratio = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.47). Overall, excess body mass accounted for 7.7% of all cancers in Canada-9.7% in men and 5.9% in women. This study provides further evidence that obesity increases the risk of overall cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma, and cancers of the kidney, colon, rectum, breast (in postmenopausal women), pancreas, ovary, and prostate.
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PMID:Association of obesity and cancer risk in Canada. 1474 86

In an era of rapidly increasing prevalence of human obesity and associated health problems, leptin gene polymorphisms have drawn much attention in biomedical research. Leptin gene polymorphisms have furthermore drawn much attention from animal scientists for their possible roles in economically important production and reproduction traits. Of the polymorphisms reported for exonic, intronic, and promoter regions of the leptin gene, 16 have been included in association studies in humans, 19 in cattle, and 6 (all exonic or intronic) in pigs. In humans, associations have been found with overweight or (early-onset) obesity, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, prostate cancer, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In cattle, associations have been found with feed intake, milk yield traits, carcass traits, and reproduction-related traits, and in pigs with feed intake, average daily gain, carcass traits (backfat/leanness), and reproduction performance traits. Many of the polymorphisms were only included in a limited number of association studies, or the phenotypes studied varied largely for a given polymorphism between studies. Therefore, many of the associations found for these polymorphisms need to be confirmed in future studies before firm conclusions can be drawn.
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PMID:Leptin gene polymorphisms and their phenotypic associations. 1611 75

A population-based case-control study of lymphomas in England collected height and weight details from 699 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) cases and 914 controls. Obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) over 30 kg m(-2) at five years before diagnosis,, was associated with an increased risk of NHL (OR = 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1). The excess was most pronounced for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.3-2.8). Genetic variants in the leptin (LEP 19G > A, LEP -2548G > A) and leptin receptor genes (LEPR 223Q > R), previously shown to modulate NHL risk, as well as a polymorphism in the energy regulatory gene adiponectin (APM1 276G>T), were investigated. Findings varied with leptin genotype, the risks being decreased with LEP 19AA (OR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-1.0) and increased with LEP -2548GA (OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.0-1.7) and -2548AA (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-1.9), particularly for follicular lymphoma. These genetic findings, which were independent of BMI, were stronger for men than women.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, obesity and energy homeostasis polymorphisms. 1616 Jun 98

The authors conducted a population-based case-control study of 1,030 cases with histologically confirmed, incident non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and 3,106 controls to assess the impact of recreational physical activity, obesity, and energy intake on NHL risk in Canada from 1994 to 1997. Compared with those for subjects in the lowest quartiles of total recreational physical activity, multivariable-adjusted odds ratios for subjects in the highest quartile were 0.79 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59, 1.05) for men and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.42, 0.81) for women. Obesity (body mass index > or = 30 kg/m2) was associated with odds ratios of 1.59 (95% CI: 1.18, 2.12) for men and 1.36 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.84) for women. For men and women with a lifetime maximum body mass index of > or = 30 kg/m2, respective odds ratios were 1.55 (95% CI: 1.16, 2.06) and 1.10 (95% CI: 0.83, 1.46). For men and women in the highest quartiles of calorie intake, respective odds ratios were 1.95 (95% CI: 1.45, 2.62) and 1.13 (95% CI: 0.84, 1.52). Some differences were found between histologic subtypes of NHL for these associations. This study suggests that recreational physical activity decreases NHL risk, while obesity and excess calorie intake increase it. More studies are needed to confirm these results, especially the differences between histologic subtypes.
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PMID:Physical activity, obesity, energy intake, and the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a population-based case-control study. 1626 80

The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has risen dramatically over recent decades and, despite some known risk factors, such as compromised immunity, the etiology of NHL and the reasons for most of this increase are unknown. Dietary components may be a common and critical source of immunologic antigens and promoters, which needs to be incorporated more in the etiologic research of NHL. To date, epidemiologic evidence suggests that obesity and fat intake, in particular saturated or animal fat, may increase the risk of NHL; whereas whole-grains, vegetables and moderate consumption of alcohol may be inversely associated with NHL risk. Much of the current evidence is obtained from case-control studies, which are subject to dietary recall bias; therefore, this area of research requires further study within prospective cohorts with detailed dietary information and with a large number of cases to examine disease sub-type heterogeneity.
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PMID:The role of dietary factors in the epidemiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 1716 93

Obesity is associated with altered immune and inflammatory responses and it may therefore influence the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, epidemiologic findings on obesity in relation to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have been inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis to summarize the epidemiologic evidence on the association between excess body weight and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Relevant studies were identified by searching MEDLINE (1966 to February 2007) and the reference lists of retrieved publications. We included cohort and case-control studies that reported relative risk (RR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of body mass index (BMI) with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence or mortality. A random-effects model was used to combine results from individual studies. Sixteen studies (10 cohorts and 6 case-control studies), with 21,720 cases, met the inclusion criteria. Compared to individuals of normal weight (BMI < 25.0 kg/m(2)), the summary RRs of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were 1.07 (95% CI, 1.01-1.14) for overweight individuals (BMI between 25 and 30 kg/m(2)) and 1.20 (95% CI, 1.07-1.34) for those who were obese (BMI >/=>/=>/=>/= 30.0 kg/m(2)). Meta-analysis stratified by histologic subtypes showed that obesity was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.18-1.66; n = 6 studies) but not of follicular lymphoma (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.82-1.47; n = 6 studies) or small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.76-1.20; n = 3 studies). These findings indicate that excess body weight is associated with an increased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, especially of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
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PMID:Obesity and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a meta-analysis. 1744 95

Obesity may increase the risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) through an inflammatory pathway. We explored the relation of NHL with body size at different times in life within the Multiethnic Cohort that includes African Americans, Caucasians, Japanese, Latinos, and Native Hawaiians. Participants were 45 to 75 years old at recruitment in 1993 to 1996. This analysis included 87,079 men and 105,972 women with 461 male and 378 female NHL cases. We used Cox regression to model NHL risk with age as the time metric while adjusting for age at baseline, ethnicity, education, alcohol intake, and age at first live birth. Body weight and body mass index at age 21 were stronger predictors of NHL risk than anthropometric characteristics at baseline. For men, being in the highest quartile of body mass index and body weight at age 21 conferred a nonsignificant 86% and 41% higher NHL risk, respectively, whereas there was no association at baseline. For women, the risk associated with the highest quartile of weight at age 21 was 1.6 (P(trend) = 0.04), whereas women in the highest quartile at baseline had a nonsignificant risk of 27%. Height was positively related to NHL in men and women. Despite the small numbers, there was some consistency for risk estimates across ethnic groups and weak evidence for an association with NHL subtypes. These findings indicate that weight at age 21 may represent lifetime adiposity better than body weight at cohort entry. Alternatively, weight at age 21 may be more relevant for the etiology of NHL.
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PMID:Overweight and obesity at different times in life as risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: the multiethnic cohort. 1818 89

Excess body weight (overweight and obesity) is characterized by chronic hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance, and is implicated both in cancer risk and cancer mortality. The list of cancers at increased risk of development in an "obesogenic" environment include common adult cancers such as endometrium, post-menopausal breast, colon and kidney, but also less common malignancies such as leukaemia, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The pathophysiological and biological mechanisms underpinning these associations are only starting to be understood. Insulin resistance is at the heart of many, but there are several other candidate systems including insulin-like growth factors, sex steroids, adipokines, obesity-related inflammatory markers, the nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kappa B) system and oxidative stresses. With such as diversity of obesity-related cancers, it is unlikely that there is a "one system fits all" mechanism. While public health strategies to curb the spread of the obesity epidemic appear ineffective, there is a need to better understand the processes linking obesity and cancer as a pre-requisite to the development of new approaches to the prevention and treatment of obesity-related cancers.
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PMID:Obesity and cancer: pathophysiological and biological mechanisms. 1846 61


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