Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of ACP1 phenotype on birth weight, neonatal jaundice, and obesity in children are dependent on ADA genotype. These phenomena may represent a clinical counterpart of the in vitro biochemical interactions between the two systems recently observed by our group.
 ...
PMID:Interaction at clinical level between erythrocyte acid phosphatase and adenosine deaminase genetic polymorphisms. 273 33

Chromosomal synteny between the mouse model and humans was used to map a gene for the complex trait of obesity. Analysis of NZB/BINJ x SM/J intercross mice located a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for obesity on distal mouse chromosome 2, in a region syntenic with a large region of human chromosome 20, showing linkage to percent body fat (likelihood of the odds [LOD] score 3.6) and fat mass (LOD score 4.3). The QTL was confirmed in a congenic mouse strain. To test whether the QTL contributes to human obesity, we studied linkage between markers located within a 52-cM region extending from 20p12 to 20q13.3 and measures of obesity in 650 French Canadian subjects from 152 pedigrees participating in the Quebec Family Study. Sib-pair analysis based on a maximum of 258 sib pairs revealed suggestive linkages between the percentage of body fat (P < 0.004), body mass index (P < 0.008), and fasting insulin (P < 0.0005) and a locus extending approximately from ADA (the adenosine deaminase gene) to MC3R (the melanocortin 3 receptor gene). These data provide evidence that a locus on human chromosome 20q contributes to body fat and insulin in a human population, and demonstrate the utility of using interspecies syntenic relationships to find relevant disease loci in humans.
 ...
PMID:Identification of an obesity quantitative trait locus on mouse chromosome 2 and evidence of linkage to body fat and insulin on the human homologous region 20q. 927 42

Metformin often promotes weight loss in patients with obesity with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The mechanism may be attributed to decreased food intake. This study has tested the effect of metformin on satiety and its efficacy in inducing weight loss. Twelve diet-treated NIDDM women with obesity were randomly given two dose levels (850 mg or 1700 mg) of metformin or placebo at 0800 for three consecutive days followed by a meal test on the third day on three occasions using a 3x3 Latin square design. The number of sandwich canapes eaten in three consecutive 10-minute periods beginning at 1400 hours was used to quantitate food intake, and the level of subjective hunger was rated just before the sandwich meal with a linear analogue hunger rating scale at 1400 after a 6-hour fast. The prior administration of metformin produced a reduction in calorie intake after each of the two doses of metformin treatment. The 1700-mg metformin dose had the most marked appetite suppressant action. Similarly, hunger ratings were significantly lowered after metformin, and the effect was most pronounced after the administration of 1700 mg of metformin. To assess the efficacy of metformin in reducing bodyweight, 48 diet-treated NIDDM women with obesity who had failed to lose weight by diet therapy were first placed on a 1200-kcal ADA (American Diabetes Association) diet before being randomized to receive either metformin (850 mg) or placebo twice daily in a double-blind fashion for 24 weeks. A 4-week single-blind placebo lead-in period preceded and a 6-week single-blind placebo period followed the 24-week double-blind treatment period. Subjects treated with metformin continued to lose weight throughout 24 weeks of treatment; their mean maximum weight loss was 8 kg greater than that of the placebo group, with corresponding lower HbA1C and fasting blood glucose levels at the end of the active treatment period. These results indicate that metformin decreases calorie intake in a dose-dependent manner and leads to a reduction in bodyweight in NIDDM patients with obesity.
 ...
PMID:Metformin decreases food consumption and induces weight loss in subjects with obesity with type II non-insulin-dependent diabetes. 952 70

To assess the usefulness of random capillary plasma glucose (RCPG) measurement in screening for diabetes mellitus in high-risk subjects, a RCPG measurement and a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed in 684 women and 164 men, aged 16-76 years (mean+/-SD: 41.9+/-11.3 years). Risk factors included family history of diabetes in first degree relatives (53.8%), obesity (BMI > or =27 kg/m(2)) in 37.9%, dyslipidemia (78.4%), hypertension, i.e. BP > or =140/90 mmHg (28.5%), and history of gestational diabetes mellitus (16.6%). According to the 1997 ADA/1998 WHO Consultation criteria for a full OGTT, 118 cases (13.9%) were found to have diabetes. Each of 19 cases with RCPG > or =13.3 mmol/l had diabetes according to OGTT, 4.7% of 427 cases with RCPG<6.1 mmol/l had diabetes. Among 402 subjects with RCPG between 6.1 and <13.3 mmol/l, 19.7% were found to have diabetes. Thus, 446 (52.6%) of 848 subjects would have been saved from OGTT if RCPG was used as a screening test, in comparison to 33.1% if the cutpoints for RCPG (12.2 and 5.5 mmol/l) recommended by WHO Study Group (1985)/WHO Consultation (1998) were applied. Therefore, RCPG measurement is a useful screening test for the screening of diabetes mellitus in high-risk subjects.
 ...
PMID:Random capillary plasma glucose measurement in the screening of diabetes mellitus in high-risk subjects in Thailand. 1116 92

In order to demonstrate the effect of family history (FH) coexisting with obesity in insulin resistance (IR) and secretion in subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes, fasting and 2 h post-glucose load serum glucose and insulin concentrations were measured in 143 individuals, 66 men and 77 women, ages ranging from 18 to 68 years, who were considered at risk but were normoglycemic following ADA criteria. Insulin resistance was estimated using HOMA(IR), basal hyperinsulinemia and I(0)/G(0) ratio. Insulin secretion was estimated by means of HOMA(beta-cell), DeltaI(30-0)/DeltaG(30-0) ratio and the insulin concentration at 30 min post-glucose load (I(30)). Disposition index (DI) was calculated to verify if insulin secretion compensate IR. Obesity in males produced an increase in all the parameters indicative of IR in both groups of individuals, with (FH(+)) or without (FH(-)) family history of diabetes, increase that was more pronounced in those FH(-). This effect was not observed in women. The parameters indicative of insulin secretion showed that only in males the presence of FH(+) was responsible for a significant decrease in insulin secretion, mainly expressed as lower values of HOMA(beta-cell) in obese as well as in non-obese. The I(30) and the ratio DeltaI(30-0)/DeltaG(30-0), although lower, did not reach statistical significance. The DI showed that only when obesity and FH were associated the decrease in insulin secretion was not a compensatory response to the IR present in those individuals. In conclusion, normoglycemic obese and non-obese male subjects of Hispanic (Latinos) origin with a family history of type 2 diabetes present not only IR but impaired insulin secretion, having the obese FH(+) and additional risk like low DI.
 ...
PMID:Presence of impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance in normoglycemic male subjects with family history of type 2 diabetes. 1270 17

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe the prevalence of total, known and unknown diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in the population of Murcia (SE Spain), a Mediterranean area with a high prevalence of obesity. Therefore, 2562 subjects (>or=20 years) were selected by stratified random sampling and a survey was carried out by telephone, together with a physical examination and biochemical determinations. The ADA-1997 diagnostic criteria were used. The crude prevalence of total diabetes was 11% (9.5-12.6%), known diabetes 7.8% (6.5-9.2%), unknown diabetes 3.2% (2.4-4.2%) and IFG 4.9% (3.9-6.1%). Both total diabetes and IFG were higher in men than in women, with prevalence rates increasing with age. People with diabetes and IFG had higher BMI, blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride values than the rest of the population. No difference in the prevalence of diabetes was observed between the rural and urban populations. The prevalence of diabetes in Murcia is high compared to the rest of Spain and the world, suggesting that the possible benefits attributed to some characteristics of the diet of this Mediterranean population are not sufficient to counteract the risk factors associated with the disease.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of diabetes in Murcia (Spain): a Mediterranean area characterised by obesity. 1610 90

The nutrition community is divided over de rol of de Glycemic Index (GI) or Glycemic Load (GL) in the dietetic management of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and in the prevention of chronic diseases as DM, Obesity, Insulin Resistance (IR), Cardiovascular diseases and Cancer. The concept of GI and GL of food and diet is defined. Methodological problem are analyzed: poor standardization, bad reproducibility and high variability. The factors that determines the food glycemic index and the causes of it variability are analyzed. Recent and qualified clinical and epidemiological evidences about the relation between the GI and GL of food and diet, on the management of DM, and prevention of Obesity, DM, RI, Cardiovascular disease and Cancer, are discussed. Is concluded that there are insufficient evidences of clinical efficacy in the use of this concept for the prevention of Obesity, IR, Cardiovascular diseases and Cancer. In relation to the treatment of DM, ADA states that the most important dietetic tool is the reduction of the total amount of carbohydrates, but accepts that the use of the GI could give additional benefits. Although de GI has the potential to be a valuable clinical tool. For now consumers should focus on eating a diet plant-based, with a variety of vegetables, fruits, whole grain and legumes. At the moment we must be caution in making dietary changes based solely in this concept.
 ...
PMID:The glycemic index. A current controversy. 1677 Oct 73

The Diabetes In Pregnancy Study group India (DIPSI) is reporting practice guidelines for GDM in the Indian environment. Due to high prevalence, screening is essential for all Indian pregnant women. DIPSI recommends that as a pregnant woman walks into the antenatal clinic in the fasting state, she has to be given a 75g oral glucose load and at 2 hrs a venous blood sample is collected for estimating plasma glucose. This one step procedure of challenging women with 75 gm glucose and diagnosing GDM is simple, economical and feasible. Screening is recommended between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation and the diagnostic criteria of ADA are applicable. A team approach is ideal for managing women with GDM. The team would usually comprise an obstetrician, diabetes physician, a diabetes educator, dietitian, midwife and pediatrician. Intensive monitoring, diet and insulin is the corner stone of GDM management. Oral agents or analogues though used are still controversial. Until there is evidence to absolutely prove that ignoring maternal hyperglycemia when the fetal growth patterns appear normal on the ultrasonogram, it is prudent to achieve and maintain normoglycemia in every pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes. The maternal health and fetal outcome depends upon the care by the committed team of diabetologists, obstetricians and neonatologists. A short term intensive care gives a long term pay off in the primary prevention of obesity, IGT and diabetes in the offspring, as the preventive medicine starts before birth.
 ...
PMID:Gestational diabetes mellitus--guidelines. 1694 93

The incidence and prevalence of diabetes have reached epidemic proportions worldwide. The reasons for the pandemic are the sharp rise in obesity, decline in physical activity and the increase in life expectancy. There are some 400,000 people with diagnosed diabetes in Israel and they are at a markedly increased risk for cardiovascular disease, blindness, end-stage renal disease and lower limb amputation. To effectively lower this significantly increased burden of disease, a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to chronic disease management is required. To facilitate such an approach, the Israel Diabetes Association published a guideline for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diabetes. The guideline, based on the ADA (American Diabetes Association) and IDF (International Diabetes Federation) guidelines, was approved by other national professional societies including hypertension, family practice, obesity, nephrology, atherosclerosis and internal medicine. The guidelines highlight the metabolic syndrome and prediabetic states, interventions for the prevention of diabetes, the new definitions of diabetes and impaired glucose metabolism and the newly defined targets for glucose, lipid, cholesterol and blood pressure control. In addition, the recommendations for periodic review and screening for complications are summarized. The need for patient education and empowerment are emphasized as is the need for the development and implementation of unique tools including computerized treatment flow-charts, prompts and quality measures, for the long term management of a complex metabolic disease.
 ...
PMID:[The guidelines for the diagnosis prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus--2005]. 1698 42

This study examines relationships between patient reported outcomes (PROs) and clinical outcomes in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients at the outpatient clinics of a university hospital completed measures of generic health status (SF-12), diabetes-specific quality of life (Audit of Diabetes Dependent Quality of Life - ADDQoL), and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression - CES-D). Patient reported data were merged with a retrospective collection of clinical and utilization data, including HbA1C, from electronic medical records. A Charlson comorbidity score, diabetes complications score, BMI, and total number of ER and hospital visits were calculated. Usable response rate was 44.3% (n = 385). Patients were dichotomized into glycemic control levels based on the ADA recommended A1C level < 7.0, vs. >or= 7.0. The ADDQoL, PCS-12, and MCS-12 scores were separately examined as dependent variables using hierarchical regression models, with glycemic control as the primary explanatory variable, and controlling for demographics and clinical variables including comorbidities and complications. Glycemic control was not a significant predictor in any regression model. Obesity was a significant predictor leading to poorer PCS-12 and MCS-12 scores, while depressive symptoms significantly resulted in lower PCS-12, MCS-12 and ADDQoL scores. These and other factors related to self-management behaviors may contribute to a greater understanding of how to intervene with patients with T2DM. The use of such PROs alongside biomedical measures such as A1C is recommended.
 ...
PMID:Quality of life, health status and clinical outcomes in Type 2 diabetes patients. 1703 3


1 2 3 Next >>